1554720896436-Applications of Fourier Transform

Applications of Fourier
Transform
• In Wireless Communication
• In Signal Processing
Presented By
Manav Jain-17104A0004
Ashwin Hedaoo-17104A0010
Aniketh Manersure-17104A0051
Anvay Shinde-17104A0057
Rahul Kamble-17104A0059
Jayesh Jain-17104A0068
Mathematics involved in Wireless
Communication
 Communication includes automatic transmission of data over wires and

radio circuits through signals. Signal is basically a means of transmitting
information in accordance with certain pre arranged system or code. It
includes audio, video, speech, image, communication, geophysical,
sonar, radar, medical and musical signals.
 The wireless devices is dramatically changing the way people interact
and communicate with each other .The wireless devices emit small
amount of electromagnetic signals via the radio waves through a low
power transmitter.
 While talking over the wireless device, the transmitter takes the sound of
voice & changes it into a continuous sine wave. Sine wave is measured in
terms of frequency. Transmitter sends the sine wave to antenna. Antenna
transmits the sine wave in the form of electromagnetic signal.
 The Wireless devices are designed by using a lot of math in just about every aspect
of their design.The devices operate by principles of electromagnetic, which are
described mathematically.
 One has to dial a number that it is based in a protocol named Internet Protocol (IP).
Protocol is basically a set of rules. The device has to use coordinates to locate the
Satellite to receive and transmitted to the other end. They have to convert from an
electric system or wave system into a voice system that it is based in alphabetical
words, and then translated between the 2 system based in a numerical system
called binaries.
 This binary system it is integrated into satellites, transmitter and receivers by the
motherboard integrated and each system, then incorporated into each one by
programming and all it is traversed by mathematics.This refers to a call which has
been connected but during the course of the conversation there is a loss of signal
which disconnects the call. High sounds have higher frequencies and low sounds
have a lower frequency. A higher frequency produces a higher pitch, and a lower
frequency produces a lower pitch.
Role of Fourier Trasnform
 According to Fourier, every function could be represented by an infinite

series of elementary trigonometric functions: sine and cosine.
 Fourier analysis is an essential component of much of modern applied
(and pure) mathematics. It forms an exceptionally powerful analytical tool
for solving a broad range of partial differential equations.
 Fourier analysis lies at the heart of signal processing, including audio,
speech, images, videos, seismic data, radio transmissions, and so on.
Many modern technological advances, including television, music CD’s
and DVD’s, cell phones, movies, computer graphics, image processing,
and fingerprint analysis and storage, are, in one way or another, founded
upon the many ramifications of Fourier theory.
 The principle of the Fourier transform is that any signal, such as the
sound produced by a musical instrument, e.g., piano, violin, trumpet,
or drum , any sound recording can be represented as the sum of a
collection of sine and cosine waves with different frequencies and
amplitudes. This collection of waves can then be manipulated with
relative ease—for example, allowing a recording to be compressed or
noise to be suppressed.
 This Fourier decomposition lies at the heart of modern electronic
music; a synthesizer combines pure sine and cosine tones to
reproduce the diverse sounds of instruments, both natural and
artificial, according to Fourier’s general prescription. Anyone who's
marveled at the tiny size of an MP3 file compared with the same
recording in an uncompressed form has seen the power of the Fourier
transform at work. The Fourier Transform is an algorithm used in many
functions, including signal processing or statistical applications across
a broad range of applications. Every wireless device--netbook,
notebook, tablet, and phone have been built in high-speed cellular
data connection, just like Fourier Transform.
 The Fourier Transform is a method for doing this process (signal
processing) very efficiently. Sine and cosine are keys to the success of
Fourier Transform because sound may be represented by a complex
combination of their waves.
In Signal Processing
 You don't have to be around signal processing very long before you realize
that Fourier methods play a huge role in the field. Several very good reasons
for the prominence of Fourier methods in signal processing. They offer
substantial intuition, naturally follow from the way the physical world interacts
with signals, and are amazingly useful for computation.
 There are multiple Fourier methods that are used in signal processing.
 The most common are :
i. The Fourier transform
ii. The discrete-time Fourier transform,
iii. The discrete Fourier transform and
iv. The short-time Fourier transform.
Reason for using Fourier methods
 Fourier methods are used for two primary purposes:

i. mathematical analysis of problems and
ii. numerical analysis of data.
 The Fourier transform and discrete-time Fourier transform are mathematical
analysis tools and cannot be evaluated exactly in a computer.
 The Fourier transform is used to analyze problems involving continuous-time
signals or mixtures of continuous- and discrete-time signals. The discrete-time
Fourier transform is used to analyze problems involving discrete-time signals or
systems. In contrast, the discrete Fourier transform is the computational
workhorse of signal processing. It is used solely for numerical analysis of
data. Lastly, the short-time Fourier transform is a variation of the discrete
Fourier transform that is used for numerical analysis of data whose frequency
content changes with time.
Key Properties of Complex Sinusoids
 The Fourier transform describes signals as weighted combinations of continuous-time complex-valued sinusoids, while
the discrete-time Fourier transform, the discrete Fourier transform, and the short-time Fourier transform all employ
discrete-time complex sinusoids. The vast utility of Fourier methods in signal processing - beyond intuition - is due to
several powerful properties of complex sinusoids.
 Differentiation of a continuous-time sinusoid results in a continuous-time sinusoid of the identical frequency. Only the
amplitude and phase of the sinusoid are changed. Hence, differentiation of a sum of sinusoids of different
frequencies results in a sum of sinusoids of the same frequencies. Only the amplitudes and phases of the sinusoids in
the sum are changed. This property is important because of the significance of differentiation in the physical world.
 Electrical elements like capacitors and inductors relate voltages and currents through differentiation. Mechanical
systems involving springs, masses, and dampers use differential equations to describe positions, velocities, and
accelerations. Phenomena like heat, sound, electromagnetic waves, fluid flow, and elasticity are described with
partial differential equations.
 Time delay in computer-based signal processing plays an analogous role to differentiation in the physical
world. Many signal-processing operations involve weighted combinations of delayed signals. It turns out that delay
of a discrete-time complex sinusoid results in a discrete-time sinusoid of the identical frequency. Only the amplitude
and phase are changed. Similarly, a delay of a sum of sinusoids of different frequencies results in a sum of sinusoids
of the same frequencies. Only the amplitudes and phases of the sinusoids in the sum are changed.
Fourier Methods and Signal-System
Interactions
 Linear, time-invariant (LTI) systems are widely used to model effects in the
physical world and are also widely used to manipulate signals in signal
processing. A continuous-time LTI system is described as a weighted sum of
derivatives of the signals.
 A discrete-time LTI system is described as a weighted sum of delayed
signals. Hence, due to the differentiation and time delay properties, the
output of an LTI system in response to a complex sinusoid input is a complex
sinusoid of the same frequency. Only the amplitude and phase are changed.
This is the so-called "eigenfunction" property. It follows that an input expressed
as an arbitrary sum of complex sinusoids of different frequencies produces an
output given by a sum of complex sinusoids of the same frequencies.
 The system only modifies the amplitude and phase of the individual sinusoids in
the sum. The manner in which the system modifies the amplitudes and phase
of the input sinusoids is called the frequency response of the system.
 Frequency response is a very intuitive description for the
action of an LTI system on a signal. The magnitude of the
frequency response tells us how the amplitudes of the input
sinusoidal components are changed by the system. This
gives rise to the idea of using systems to "filter" signals.
 A filter separates out certain frequency components of the
input signal. The figure at left illustrates the magnitude of the
frequency response (in dB) for a low-pass filter.
 Lower frequency sinusoids in the input signal see a gain of 0
dB or unity and are not attenuated. Higher frequency
sinusoids experience gain less than -60 dB, that is, are
multiplied by a factor of 10−310−3 or smaller, and are
effectively eliminated from the input signal.
 Fourier methods are natural tools for understanding and
modeling the effects of the physical world on signals, and for
designing and characterizing common signal processing
systems.
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Applications of Fourier

 Communication includes automatic transmission of data over wires and

 According to Fourier, every function could be represented by an infinite

 Fourier methods are used for two primary purposes:

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