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Terminology and Stresses

This document discusses various topics in railway engineering including ballast cribs and cess, types of sleepers, coning of wheels, tractive resistances, track stresses, track modulus, hauling capacity and tractive effort, buckling of tracks due to temperature stresses, and stresses in rails, sleepers, ballast, and formation. It provides information on factors that influence these stresses and engineering concepts in railway track design and maintenance.

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Kaushal Mehta
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81 views28 pages

Terminology and Stresses

This document discusses various topics in railway engineering including ballast cribs and cess, types of sleepers, coning of wheels, tractive resistances, track stresses, track modulus, hauling capacity and tractive effort, buckling of tracks due to temperature stresses, and stresses in rails, sleepers, ballast, and formation. It provides information on factors that influence these stresses and engineering concepts in railway track design and maintenance.

Uploaded by

Kaushal Mehta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RAILWAY ENGINEERING

Prepared By:
Khushbu Bhatt
Assistant Professor,
Parul University
Vadodara
BALLAST CRIB
BALLAST
CESS
Ballast Crib & Ballast cess

BALLAST CESS
RAIL

BALLAST CRIB

SLEEPER
Points & Crossings
Fishplate & Fish Bolt
Level Crossing
Concrete sleeper
Cast Iron Sleeper
CONING OF WHEELS
Coning of Wheels
Tractive Resistances
1. Train Resistance
I. Speed Independent (Rolling) Resistances
II. Speed Dependent Resistances
III. Atmospheric Resistances
2. Resistance due to Track Profile
I. Grade Resistance
II. Curve resistance
3. Resistance due to Starting & accelerating
4. Wind Resistance
Track stresses
Track stresses
Track Modulus
• Load Per Unit Length of the rail Required to
Produce Unit Depression.
• Depends Upon:
1. Gauge
2. Type of Rail section
3. Type of sleeper and density
4. Type of ballast section
5. Subgrade
Track stresses
1. Wheel loads
2. Dynamic effect of wheel loads
3. Hammer Blow
4. Lateral Thrust due to Nosing Action
5. Pressure Exerted by the flanges of the wheels
on sides of rails
6. Stresses due to Irregularity of track
7. Additional stresses on curves
Hauling Capacity (H.C) &
Tractive Effort (Te)
• Load handled by the locomotive
• H.C is the Product of Coefficient of friction &
Weight on the driving wheels.
Average value of Coefficient of friction= (1/6)
Buckling of Track Due to
Temperature stresses
Stresses in Rail
• Longitudinal Stresses due to Tractive Effort &
Braking Forces.
• Thermal stresses
• Due irregularity there will be heavy impact on
the rails.
• Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength of Rail =
72.42 kg/cm2
Stresses in the Sleepers
• Stresses in sleepers depends upon:
• Wheel load
• Irregularities in the track
• Speed
• Dynamic effect of wheels on rails
• Elasticity of the rail
• Efficiency of Fastenings
• Design & Dimension of Sleeper
• Strength of Sleeper
• Track Modulus
• Stiffness of the rail
• Maintenance of track
Stresses in the Ballast
Stresses in Ballast depends on:
• Elastic Property of the sleeper
• Degree of compaction
• Nature of Ballast bed
• Bigger the cess & size of sleeper, lesser the
Pressure in ballast & formation.
Stresses in the Formation
• Stresses in subgrade is decreased by
increasing both depth & Size of the Ballast.
• Quality & Gradation of Ballast influences
ultimate pressure on formation.

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