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    HOR 101: Production Technology of Fruit Crop (2+1)

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    Plant growth regulators are organic compounds that promote, inhibit, or modify plant growth at low concentrations. They include natural plant hormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins) and synthetic compounds (2,4-D, NAA). PGRs are used in fruit production to control tree growth, induce flowering and fruit thinning, delay ripening, and improve fruit quality. Common applications include stimulating branching in nurseries, controlling vigor, thinning fruits to increase size, and adjusting plant shape through pruning and paclobutrazol application.

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    HOR 101: Production Technology of Fruit Crop (2+1)

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    Swathi
    66 views22 pages
    Plant growth regulators are organic compounds that promote, inhibit, or modify plant growth at low concentrations. They include natural plant hormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins) and synthetic compounds (2,4-D, NAA). PGRs are used in fruit production to control tree growth, induce flowering and fruit thinning, delay ripening, and improve fruit quality. Common applications include stimulating branching in nurseries, controlling vigor, thinning fruits to increase size, and adjusting plant shape through pruning and paclobutrazol application.

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    Role of plant growth regulators in fruits

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    Plant growth regulators are organic compounds that promote, inhibit, or modify plant growth at low concentrations. They include natural plant hormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins) and synthetic compounds (2,4-D, NAA). PGRs are used in fruit production to control tree growth, induce flowering and fruit thinning, delay ripening, and improve fruit quality. Common applications include stimulating branching in nurseries, controlling vigor, thinning fruits to increase size, and adjusting plant shape through pruning and paclobutrazol application.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    66 views22 pages

    HOR 101: Production Technology of Fruit Crop (2+1)

    Uploaded by

    Swathi
    Plant growth regulators are organic compounds that promote, inhibit, or modify plant growth at low concentrations. They include natural plant hormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins) and synthetic compounds (2,4-D, NAA). PGRs are used in fruit production to control tree growth, induce flowering and fruit thinning, delay ripening, and improve fruit quality. Common applications include stimulating branching in nurseries, controlling vigor, thinning fruits to increase size, and adjusting plant shape through pruning and paclobutrazol application.

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    HOR 101: production technology of fruit crop(2+1)

    Plant growth regulators


    • Plant growth regulators may be defined as any
    organic compounds, which are active at low
    concentrations (1-10 ng / nl) in promoting, inhibiting
    or modifying growth and development.
    • The naturally occurring (endogenous) growth
    substances are commonly known as plant hormones,
    while the synthetic ones are called growth regulator.
    Classification of PGR
    On the Basis of Origin
    • Natural hormone:
    Produced by some tissues in the plant. Also called
    Endogenous hormones. e.g.IAA.
    • Synthetic hormone:
    Produced artificially and similar to natural hormone in
    physiological activity. Also called Exogenous
    hormones. e.g. 2,4-D, NAA etc.
    • Postulated hormone:
    Also produced spontaneously in the plant body, but
    their structure and function is not discovered clearly.
    e.g. Florigen, Vernalin.
    On the Basis of Nature of Function

    • Growth promoting hormones/Growth


    promoter:
    Increase the growth of plant.
    • e.g. Auxins. Gibberellins, Cytokinins etc.

    • Growth inhibiting hormones/Growth


    retardant:
    Inhibit the growth of plant.
    • e.g. ABA, Ethylene.
    Classes of pgr
    auxins

    ‘Auxins’ may be defined


    as growth promoting
    substances which
    promote growth
    along the vertical
    axis when applied in
    low concentration to
    the shoot of the plant.
    DISCOVERY OF AUXINS
    GIBBERELLINS
    • Chemical was extracted &
    purified and named as
    Gibberellic Acid (GA).
    • Now 80 different
    Gibberellins are available-
    GA1 to GA80 is available.
    • The most commonly
    occurring gibberellins is
    GA3.

    Gibben ring (consists of 4 rings)


    CYTOKININS
    • Auxin and Gibberellins
    increase growth mainly by
    increasing cell elongation.
    • Growth involves another
    important process namely
    Cell division.
    • Developing embryo shows
    active cell division.
    Growth Retardant
    1 ETHYLENE (CH2=CH2)
    • Growth retardant.
    • Ethylene promotes ripening

    2 ABSCISSIC ACID (ABA)


    • Growth retardant.
    • Induce stomata closing.
    • Inhibition of bud growth and shoot formation.
    Plant growth regulators in apple
    growing
    • NURSERY PRODUCTION:
    Products on the basis of
    cytokines (benzyladenine)
    and products on the basis of
    cytokines + gibberellins are
    used for branching

    Benzyladenine – breaking
    apical Dominance
    Gibberellins – cells
    elongation(growth)
    Stimulating branching in
    orchards

    CONTROL CYTOKINS APPLIED


    Chemical fruit thinning

    NAD
    Naphthalene acetamide

    NAA
    α-Naphthalene acetic
    acid
    BA-benzladenine
    Application Of Plant Growth Regulators In Peach
    Trees

    1.Control the growth of peach trees


    Paclobutrazol can effectively inhibit
    the growth of new shoots of peach
    trees, shortening their internodes,
    shortening the color of leaves,
    dark green leaves, increasing the
    content of chlorophyll, and
    increasing the dry matter of
    leaves.
    2. Thinning fruit and preserved
    fruit

    Ethephon:The application of
    ethephon 200 mg/kg was sprayed
    8 days after flowering. In the
    yellow peach test, the spraying
    of ethephon at 300 mg/kg in the
    full flowering stage had a good
    sparing effect.
    Naphthyl acetate 40-60 mg / kg
    solution sprayed 20-45 days after
    flowering have a sparse effect.
    3. Adjust plant shape
    The first is a foliar spray. When the
    new one after topping is 15-25 cm
    long, spray 200-300 times 15%
    paclobutrazol wet table powder
    solution, spray once every 10-15
    days, spray 2-3 times
    continuously.
    The second is land use. In the autumn
    or early spring, a 15 cm deep ring
    groove is dug in the root
    distribution area under the canopy
    projection, diluted with water,
    poured into the ditch, and then
    covered with soil.
    The third method is the trunk
    smearing method
    PGR uses on pears
    • As new pear cultivars get more widely planted and markets for them
    develop, growers will want advice and help on how to best manage them
    and PGRs could be part of their ‘toolbox’.
    • From a grower perspective it must be remembered that the on-label use of
    agricultural chemicals is mandatory in most states across Australia.
    However, providing that:
    – The maximum label rate is not exceeded.
    – The label frequency of application is not exceeded.
    – The maximum residue limit is not exceeded.
    – Any specific label statements prohibiting the use are complied with.
    Results of PGR experiments in
    pears
    PGRs to promote shoots on young
    trees
    • The effectiveness of PGRs
    appears to be related to the
    stage of leaf emergence
    from the buds with slight
    leaf emergence along the
    entire trunk or leader
    providing the optimum time
    for PGRs in combination
    with notching to stimulate
    spur and lateral shoot
    growth.
    PGRs and spur development
    • On the first two spray dates,
    there were more terminal
    flower clusters on the shoots
    due to notching and PGR or
    both.
    • There were less spur flower
    clusters on the PGR and
    PGR plus notch treatments
    on date 1 and 2 than the
    control, which was likely
    due to fewer spurs and more
    shoots.
    Use of Growth Regulators in
    Fruit Production
     Propagation
     Use in Tissue culture
     Breaking of seed and bud dormancy
     Control of Vigor
     Flowering
     Inhibition or delay of flowering
     Fruit growth and maturity
     Prevention of Fruit drop
     Improvement of fruit quality
     Fruit Ripening

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