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    TOPIC 3.5: How Does Light Behave When It Moves From One Medium To Another?

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    Light changes speed and direction when moving between different mediums like air and water, causing refraction. Refraction occurs at lenses, with converging lenses bringing light rays together and diverging lenses spreading them apart. Modern technologies take advantage of light refraction through lenses, including artificial lenses used in cataract surgery to replace clouded natural lenses.

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    TOPIC 3.5: How Does Light Behave When It Moves From One Medium To Another?

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    49 views14 pages
    Light changes speed and direction when moving between different mediums like air and water, causing refraction. Refraction occurs at lenses, with converging lenses bringing light rays together and diverging lenses spreading them apart. Modern technologies take advantage of light refraction through lenses, including artificial lenses used in cataract surgery to replace clouded natural lenses.

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    Light changes speed and direction when moving between different mediums like air and water, causing refraction. Refraction occurs at lenses, with converging lenses bringing light rays together and diverging lenses spreading them apart. Modern technologies take advantage of light refraction through lenses, including artificial lenses used in cataract surgery to replace clouded natural lenses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    49 views14 pages

    TOPIC 3.5: How Does Light Behave When It Moves From One Medium To Another?

    Uploaded by

    api-310503032
    Light changes speed and direction when moving between different mediums like air and water, causing refraction. Refraction occurs at lenses, with converging lenses bringing light rays together and diverging lenses spreading them apart. Modern technologies take advantage of light refraction through lenses, including artificial lenses used in cataract surgery to replace clouded natural lenses.

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    You are on page 1of 14

    UNIT 3

    Energy can be transferred as both a particle and a wave

    TOPIC 3.5
    How does light
    behave when it moves
    from one medium to
    another?
    Concept 1: Light changes direction and speed when
    it moves from one medium to another.

    • Light travels in a
    straight line through
    the same medium
    – What causes this
    refraction?

    Glasses of water in front of


    diagonally striped paper
    Refraction: Light Travels at Different Speeds and
    Changes Direction

    • Refraction occurs because light travels at different


    speeds in different media
    – Example: Light travels at a different speed
    through air than it does through water
    • When light changes speed as it moves from one
    medium to another, the direction also changes
    Density of Media Determines if Light Waves Slow
    Down or Speed Up

    • Light travels more slowly in a


    more dense medium than in a
    less dense medium

    The red arrow indicates a light


    ray entering the beaker. The
    speed of light for the three
    media are shown.
    Concept 2: Light refracts as it passes
    through lenses.

    • Lens: a transparent object that causes light to refract


    and has at least one curved side
    – Comes in different shapes, sizes, and materials

    Figure 3.38: These lenses are made of glass, plastic, and even liquid.
    Two Types of Lenses: Converging and Diverging

    • Lenses have two sides:


    – Either side can be plane, concave, or convex
    – At least one side must be curved
    • Two types of lenses: converging and diverging

    Converging lens (left) and diverging lens (right)


    Converging Lenses

    • Converging lenses: a
    lens that brings parallel
    light rays toward a
    common point
    – Have one or two
    convex surfaces
    – Thicker in the centre

    Figure 3.39: Converging lens


    Diverging Lenses

    • Diverging lenses: a
    lens that spreads
    parallel light rays away
    from a common point
    – Have one or two
    concave surfaces
    – Thinner in the centre

    Figure 3.40: Diverging lens


    The Front of the Eye Refracts Light

    • Front of the eye: refraction and focusing take place


    • Back of the eye: Refracted light forms an image here
    • Brain interprets the image

    Figure 3.41 This


    diagram shows
    the path of light
    from a source or
    object through
    the human eye.
    Front of the Eye: Refraction and Focusing
    • Light travels in a straight line from an object or source to eye
    – First travels through the cornea (lens in front of the eye)
    – Travels from less dense medium (air) to more dense
    (cornea)
    Cornea

    light rays from object


    Back of the Eye: Image Formation
    • Light strikes the back of the eye (retina) and forms an
    image
    • Retina: layer of cells that respond to light

    Retina

    light rays from object


    Back of the Eye: Brain Interprets the Image
    • Cells in retina send nerve impulses to the brain through
    the optic nerve
    • Brain interprets impulses as sight

    Optic nerve

    light rays from object


    Concept 4: Many technologies take advantage of
    light’s behaviour when it moves from one
    medium to another.

    • Modern technologies in
    which refraction plays an
    important role:
    – Artificial Lenses
    – Heads-Up Display
    (HUD)
    – Wavefront Technology

    Artificial lens
    Artificial Lenses
    Artificial lenses: used to treat
    cataracts
    • Cataracts: clouding of the lens
    that affects vision
    • Treatment: surgery that
    removes the cloudy lenses and
    replaces them with artificial
    lenses
    • Most artificial lenses cannot
    change shape like natural
    lenses
    • New artificial lenses have (A) Relaxed muscle around
    hinges that allows the lens to the artificial lens. (B) When
    bend slightly when the muscle the muscle contracts, it
    around them contracts presses on the lens,
    causing it to bend.

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