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    Oculogyric Crisis

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    Meyrani 'andiz' Silvia
    This document presents a case study of a 25-year-old woman who was admitted to the psych hospital for worsening psychosis and mood symptoms. She was then rushed to the emergency room with sudden onset of altered mental status. She was diagnosed with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) based on her symptoms of upward eye deviation, mutism, restlessness, agitation, pupil dilation, and neck flexion. NMS is caused by dopamine receptor blockade in the basal ganglia and brain stem from antipsychotic medications. Treatment involves stopping the offending medications and giving anticholinergic medications like Benadryl to relieve symptoms, which typically resolve within 24-48 hours.

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    Oculogyric Crisis

    Uploaded by

    Meyrani 'andiz' Silvia
    37 views21 pages
    This document presents a case study of a 25-year-old woman who was admitted to the psych hospital for worsening psychosis and mood symptoms. She was then rushed to the emergency room with sudden onset of altered mental status. She was diagnosed with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) based on her symptoms of upward eye deviation, mutism, restlessness, agitation, pupil dilation, and neck flexion. NMS is caused by dopamine receptor blockade in the basal ganglia and brain stem from antipsychotic medications. Treatment involves stopping the offending medications and giving anticholinergic medications like Benadryl to relieve symptoms, which typically resolve within 24-48 hours.

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    okulogyrik krisis

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    This document presents a case study of a 25-year-old woman who was admitted to the psych hospital for worsening psychosis and mood symptoms. She was then rushed to the emergency room with sudden onset of altered mental status. She was diagnosed with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) based on her symptoms of upward eye deviation, mutism, restlessness, agitation, pupil dilation, and neck flexion. NMS is caused by dopamine receptor blockade in the basal ganglia and brain stem from antipsychotic medications. Treatment involves stopping the offending medications and giving anticholinergic medications like Benadryl to relieve symptoms, which typically resolve within 24-48 hours.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    37 views21 pages

    Oculogyric Crisis

    Uploaded by

    Meyrani 'andiz' Silvia
    This document presents a case study of a 25-year-old woman who was admitted to the psych hospital for worsening psychosis and mood symptoms. She was then rushed to the emergency room with sudden onset of altered mental status. She was diagnosed with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) based on her symptoms of upward eye deviation, mutism, restlessness, agitation, pupil dilation, and neck flexion. NMS is caused by dopamine receptor blockade in the basal ganglia and brain stem from antipsychotic medications. Treatment involves stopping the offending medications and giving anticholinergic medications like Benadryl to relieve symptoms, which typically resolve within 24-48 hours.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Onuma, Kalu MD

    PGY 4
    CASE PRESENTATION
     IDENTIFYING PROFILE.

     25 years old married Caucasian female who lives with


    her husband and their 5 years old son and 3 years old
    daughter in Kingsport, TN
    CLINICAL PRESENTATION
     Sustained upward deviation of eyes.
     Mutism
     Restlessness
     Agitation
     Behavioral disturbance.
     Pupil dilation
     Backward flexion of neck.
    HPI
     Patient had been in apparent good health until the
    death of her father in law, from which time she
    became increasingly depressed, not eating and
    sleeping well.

     Was subsequently admitted to psych hospital to


    address worsening psychosis and mood symptoms.

     Was rushed to the ER for evaluation and treatment of


    sudden onset of AMS after 48 hours of hospitalization
    in the psych facility for Psychosis NOS.
     MEDICATION HISTORY.
    Ambien orally 10mg QHS, Ativan taper.
    Abilify PO 5mg x 1
    Geodon IM 10mg bid(
    Haldol IM 5mg q8hours prn(
    Thorazine IM 25mg x 1

     PAST PSYCHIATRY HISTORY.


    Significant for polysubstance abuse.(THC, Opiates, Benzos)
    Nil previous psych hospitalization.

     PAST MEDICAL HISTORY.


    None

     LABS/IMAGING STUDIES.
    CMP, CBC, CT, MRI, HIV, CRP, Ammonia levels
    Vit B12, Ceruloplasmin, EEG.
    DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT
     OCULOGYRIC CRISIS

     IM Benadryl.
    PATHOGENESIS
     MIDBRAIN PATHWAYS
    -Substantia nigra pars reticula---Superior Colliculi
    -Substantia nigra pars compacta--Reticular formation

     BASAL GANGLIA
    -subcortical component
    of family of circuits{Oculomotor, Limbic, Prefrontal
    Skeletal motor circuits}
    CAUSES
     MEDICATIONS
    -Neuroleptics, Metoclopramide.
    -Carbamazepine, lithium, PCP
    -Levodopa, Amantadine, Chloroquine

     BRAIN STEM LESION


    -Ischemic, Neoplastic, or Inflammatory.

     HEAD TRAUMA

     INFECTIONS
    -Neurosyphylis, and Herpes Encephalitis.

     OTHERS.
    -Alcohol, Emotional stress, and fatigue
    -Inherited errors of metabolism
    CLINICAL FEATURES
     Involuntary, sustained deviation of the eyes.
    CLINICAL FEATURES
     Involuntary, sustained deviation of the eyes.

     Mutism, eye blinking, and pupil dilation.

     Flexion of the neck.

     Restlessness, Agitation, and Behavioral disturbances.

     Transient psychotic episodes.


    -Visual hallucination.
    -Auditory hallucination.

     Autonomic dysfunction.
    RISK FACTORS
     Male gender

     Young age.

     High doses

     High-potency antipsychotics

     History of substance abuse(alcohol, and or cocaine)

     Genetic susceptibility(Slow metabolizers)

     Comorbid conditions(Tourette & Parkinsonism)


    PATIENT ASSESSMENT
     Physical status.
    -safety of patient and staff.
    -history/collateral information.
    -careful review of medications .
    -review of medical records.
    -physical and neurological examination.

     Mental status examination.


    DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
     CBC
     CMP
     UDS
     VDRL
     CT
     MRI
     EEG
     EKG
     URINALYSIS
    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
     Seizure Disorder.

     Delirium.

     Other EPS.
    -Tardive, Parkinsonism, Akathisia

     CNS lesion(focal basal ganglia or Thalamus).

     Postencephalic parkinsonism.

     Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency.


    TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT
     Pharmacologic Intervention
    -Anticholinergic medication
    (Benadryl or Cogentin)

     Environmental manipulation.
    -Place patient in a room near nursing station.
    -Orient patient repetitively.
    -Use sitter.
    - Use restraints when less restrictive measures have failed.

    -
    COURSE(PROGNOSIS)
     Typical course usually ranges from 24-48 hours.
    -upon medication withdrawal or reduction.

     Symptom relief within minutes with anticholinergics.

     Recurrent crisis maybe observed on med re-exposure.

     Excellent prognosis.
    THANK YOU!
     Questions ?

     Contributions……

     References will be made available on request.


    Contact: onuma@mail.etsu.edu

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