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L5 - Inductor

This document discusses inductors and inductive circuits. It defines an inductor as a passive electric device that stores energy in its magnetic field when current flows through it. It describes the transient behavior of inductive circuits, including the exponential growth and decay of current. It also defines important inductor properties like inductance and the time constant of RL circuits.

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Amartya Mishra
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287 views15 pages

L5 - Inductor

This document discusses inductors and inductive circuits. It defines an inductor as a passive electric device that stores energy in its magnetic field when current flows through it. It describes the transient behavior of inductive circuits, including the exponential growth and decay of current. It also defines important inductor properties like inductance and the time constant of RL circuits.

Uploaded by

Amartya Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Electrical Technology

[ELE 1001]

Inductor
Lecture 5

Dept. Of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 1


Topics discussed in the previous class

 Star and Delta connection of resistors

 Star-Delta Transformations

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 2


Topics for discussion in this class
 What is an Inductor?

 Transient behaviour of an Inductive circuit

 Inductor as an energy storage element

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 3


Inductors
 Inductor is a passive electric device that stores energy in its
magnetic field when a current flows through it

 A coil of wire wound on a core


o Eg.: Air core Inductor, iron core inductor

 Circuit representation is

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 4


Inductive Circuit
 Inductance (L) :
Property which opposes the rate of change of current
 The voltage induced in the inductor is proportional to the
rate of change of current flowing through it
L
o Unit is Henry (H)
i
_
+e
L
𝑑𝑖 𝑑∅
o 𝑒𝐿 = 𝐿 =𝑁
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑∅
o 𝐿=𝑁
𝑑𝑖
Where L is self-inductance

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 5


Inductive Circuit
 For a coil uniformly wound on a non-magnetic core of uniform
section, self inductance is given by

𝜇0 𝐴𝑁 2
𝐿=
𝑙
Where

𝑙 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠


𝐴 = 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑁 = 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 6


Equivalent Inductance
 Inductors in series
L
1 L
2 L
3

𝑳𝒆𝒒 = 𝑳𝟏 + 𝑳𝟐 + … … + 𝑳𝒏
 Inductors in Parallel
L1

L2 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + + …….+
𝑳𝒆𝒒 𝑳𝟏 𝑳𝟐 𝑳𝒏
L3

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 7


Growth of current in an inductive circuit
Applying KVL, t =0
R
𝒅𝒊
𝑽 −𝑳 − 𝑹𝒊=𝟎
𝒅𝒕
vL L
V
Initial Conditions, i
𝑨𝒕 𝒕 = 𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄, 𝒊 = 𝟎 𝑨

Final current & voltage equation,

𝑽 −
𝑹𝒕
−
𝑹
𝒕
𝒊= 𝟏− 𝒆 𝑳 𝒗𝑳 = 𝑽 𝒆 𝑳
𝑹

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 8


Growth of current in an inductive circuit
1.2

V
1
R

0.8

0.6
Current

0.4

0.2

0 Time

Time Constant (𝜏): Time taken by the current through the inductor to
reach its final steady state value, had the initial rate of rise been maintained
constant
𝐿
𝜏=
𝑅
Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 9
Decay of current in an Inductive Circuit
 Initial current is through inductor is I0 = V/R
 At t =0, switch is moved from position a to b
A
R

Applying KVL, t=0


B
vL L
𝒅𝒊 V
𝑳 +𝑹𝒊=𝟎 i
𝒅𝒕

Using initial conditions and solving,


−𝑹𝒕 𝑹𝒕
𝒊 = 𝑰𝟎 𝒆 𝑳 − 𝑳
𝒗𝑳 = −𝑽 𝒆

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 10


Decay of current in an Inductive Circuit
1.2

V
1
R

0.8
Current

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 Time

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 11


Energy Stored in an Inductor
 Instantaneous power,
𝒅𝒊
𝒑 = 𝒗𝑳 . 𝒊 = 𝑳 𝒊
𝒅𝒕

 Energy absorbed in ‘dt’ time is


𝒅𝒘 = 𝑳 𝒊 𝒅𝒊

 Energy absorbed by the magnetic field when current is increased


from 0 to I amperes, is
𝑰
𝟏 𝟐
𝑾 = න 𝑳 𝒊 𝒅𝒊 = 𝑳 𝑰
𝟎 𝟐

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 12


Example 1
If a coil of 200 turns is wound in a non-magnetic core having a mean
circumference of 400 mm and a cross-sectional area of 500 mm2,
calculate its inductance

Ans: L = 62.8 µH

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 13


Example 2
A coil of resistance 5Ω and inductance of 0.02H is connected to a
battery of voltage 12V for a long time. At t = 0, the coil is short
circuited. Find the time taken for the current to reach the value 1.2A.

Ans: 2.77 m-sec

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 14


Summary
 Inductor stores energy in its magnetic field

 When a series RL circuit is connected to a dc voltage source, there


is an exponential growth of current through the inductor

 The current decays exponentially when the voltage source is


removed

𝐿
 Time constant of a series RL circuit is 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
𝑅

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg., MIT - Manipal 15

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