RIP version 1

ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
 Objectives
 Describe the functions, characteristics, and operation
of the RIPv1 protocol.
 Configure a device for using RIPv1.
 Verify proper RIPv1 operation.
 Describe how RIPv1 performs automatic
summarization.
 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot default routes
propagated in a routed network implementing RIPv1.
 Use recommended techniques to solve problems
related to RIPv1

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
 RIPv1

 RIP Characteristics
-A classful, Distance Vector (DV) routing protocol
-Metric = hop count
-Routes with a hop count > 15 are unreachable
-Updates are broadcast every 30 seconds

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
 RIP v1 message

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
 RIPv1

 RIP Operation
–RIP uses 2 message types:
Request message
-This is sent out on startup by each RIP
enabled interface
-Requests all RIP enabled neighbors to send
routing table
Response message
-Message sent to requesting router
containing routing table

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
 Basic RIPv1 Configuration
 Router RIP Command
–To enable RIP enter:
-Router rip at the global configuration prompt
-Prompt will look like R1(config-router)#

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
 Basic RIPv1 Configuration
 Specifying Networks
–Use the network command
to:
-Enable RIP on all
interfaces that
belong to this
network
-Advertise this
network in RIP
updates
sent to other
routers
every 30 seconds
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
 Verification and Troubleshooting

 To verify and troubleshoot routing

-Use the following

commands:
-show ip route
-show ip protocols
-debug ip rip

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
 Interpreting RIP route

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
 Verification and Troubleshooting
 show ip
protocols
command
-Displays
routing
protocol
configured
on router

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
 Verification and Troubleshooting
 Debug ip rip command
-Used to display RIP routing updates as they are
happening

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
 Verification and Troubleshooting

 Passive interface command

-Used to prevent a router from sending updates through
an interface
-Example:
Router(config-router)#passive-interface interface-type interface-number

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
 Verification and Troubleshooting
 Passive interfaces

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
 Automatic Summarization
 Boundary Routers
–RIP automatically summarizes classful networks
–Boundary routers summarize RIP subnets from one
major network to another.

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
 Automatic Summarization
Processing RIP Updates
 2 rules govern RIPv1 updates:
-If a routing update and the interface it’s
received on belong to the same
network then
The subnet mask of the
interface is applied to the
network in the routing update
-If a routing update and the interface it’s
received on belong to a different
network then
The classful subnet mask of the
network is applied to the
network in the routing update.

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
 Automatic Summarization
 Sending RIP Updates
–RIP uses automatic summarization to reduce the
size of a routing table.

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
 Automatic Summarization
 Advantages of automatic
summarization:
–The size of routing updates is
reduced
–Single routes are used to
represent multiple routes which
results in faster lookup in the
routing table.
–Stability in routing table

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
 Automatic Summarization
 Disadvantage of Automatic Summarization:
-Does not support discontiguous networks

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
 Automatic Summarization

 Discontiguous
Topologies do not
converge with RIPv1
 A router will only
advertise major
network addresses
out interfaces that do
not belong to the
advertised route.

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
 Default Route and RIPv1
 Default routes
Packets that are not defined specifically in a routing
table will go to the specified interface for the default
route
Example: Customer routers use default routes to
connect to an ISP router.
Command used to configure a default route is
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/1

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
 Default Route and RIPv1
 Propagating the Default Route in RIPv1
 Default-information originate command
-This command is used to specify that the router is to originate
default information, by propagating the static default route in
RIP update.

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
 Summary: Commands used by RIP
Command Command’s purpose

Rtr(config)#router rip Enables RIP routing process

Rtr(config-router)#network Associates a network with a RIP routing process

Rtr#debug ip rip used to view real time RIP routing updates

Rtr(config-router)#passive-interface fa0/0 Prevent RIP updates from going out an interface

Rtr(config-router)#default-information originate Used by RIP to propagate default routes

Rtr#show ip protocols Used to display timers used by RIP

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
 RIPv2

ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
 Introduction
 Chapter focus
-Difference between RIPv1 & RIPv2
RIPv1
-A classful distance vector routing protocol
-Does not support discontiguous subnets
-Does not support VLSM
-Does not send subnet mask in routing update
-Routing updates are broadcast
RIPv2
-A classless distance vector routing protocol that is an
enhancement of RIPv1’s features.
-Next hop address is included in updates
-Routing updates are multicast
-The use of authentication is an option

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
 Introduction

 Similarities between RIPv1 & RIPv2

-Use of timers to prevent routing loops
-Use of split horizon or split horizon with poison
reverse
-Use of triggered updates
-Maximum hop count of 15

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
 RIPv1 Limitations
Examining the routing tables
-To examine the contents of
routing updates use the
debug ip rip command
-If RIPv1 is
configured then
Subnet masks will not be
included with the
network address

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
 Configuring RIPv2

 Enabling and Verifying RIPv2

 Configuring RIP on a Cisco router
By default it is running RIPv1

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
 Configuring RIPv2
 Configuring RIPv2 on a
Cisco router
-Requires using the
version 2 command
-RIPv2 ignores RIPv1
updates
 To verify RIPv2 is
configured use the
show ip protocols
command

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
Configuring RIPv2

 Auto-Summary & RIPv2

 RIPv2 will automatically
summarize routes at
major network
boundaries and can
also summarize routes
with a subnet mask that
is smaller than the
classful subnet mask

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
 Configuring RIPv2

 Disabling Auto-
Summary in RIPv2
 To disable automatic
summarization issue
the no auto-summary
command

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
 VLSM & CIDR

 Networks using a VLSM IP

addressing scheme
Use classless
routing protocols (i.e.
RIPv2) to
disseminate
network addresses
and their subnet
masks

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
 Verifying & Troubleshooting RIPv2
 Basic Troubleshooting steps
-Check the status of all links
-Check cabling
-Check IP address & subnet mask configuration
-Remove any unneeded configuration commands
 Commands used to verify proper operation of RIPv2
–Show ip interfaces brief
–Show ip protocols
–Debug ip rip
–Show ip route

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
 Verifying & Troubleshooting RIPv2
 Common RIPv2 Issues
 When trouble shooting RIPv2 examine the following issues:
Version
Check to make sure you are using version 2
Network statements
Network statements may be incorrectly typed
or missing
Automatic summarization
If summarized routes are not needed then disable
automatic summarization

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33
 Verifying & Troubleshooting RIPv2
 Reasons why it’s good to authenticate routing information
-Prevent the possibility of accepting invalid routing updates
-
 Types of routing protocols that can use authentication
-RIPv2
-EIGRP
-OSPF
-IS-IS
-BGP

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34
 Summary

Routing Distance Classless Uses Use of Max Auto Support Supports Uses
Protocol Vector Routing Hold- Split Hop Summary CIDR VLSM Authen-
Protocol Down Horizon count tication
Timers or = 15
Split
Horizon
w/
Poison
Reverse

RIPv1 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No

RIPv2 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36