STEAM TURBINE

Steam Turbine

 A steam turbine is a mechanical device that

extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam,
and converts it into useful mechanical work.
Classification

Impulse turbine

Reaction turbine
RANKINE CYCLE
 IPSV1IPCV 1
FROM RH
TURBINE LAYOUT
ESV CV1
1

CRH

EXCI
GENERATOR
TER
4 5 6
1 2 3
IPT LPT
HPT 1X17 2X12 2X6

TO LP HEATERS

CONDEN
LPBYPASS
TURBINE COMPONENTS

 CASING
 ROTOR
 BLADES
 SEALING SYSTEM
 STOP & CONTROL VALVES
 COUPLINGS & BEARINGS
 BARRING GEAR
Turbine Condensate System
What is condensate
 The steam after condensing in the condenser
known as condensate, is extracted out of the
condenser hot well by condensate pump and taken
to the deaerator through ejectors, gland steam
cooler and series of LP heaters.
 Condensate system
• Condensate Extraction Pump :
To pump out the condensate to D/A through
ejectors, GSC and LPH

• Gland Steam Condenser :

To increase the temperature of condensate.

• Condensate polishing unit :

To remove cat-ion and an-ion from the
condensate.
 Condensate Systems
D/A level controller :
To control the level of D/A.

Drain Cooler :
To increase the temperature of condensate

LPH :
To increase the temperature of condensate

Deaerator :
To remove the dissolved gases from the feed
water
 Condensate Flow

FROM CONDENSER TO
DEAREATOR

LPH1 LPH2 LPH3

Drip to condenser Drip to condenser Drip to condenser Drip to condenser

LOW PRESSURE HEATERS

D/A

LPT LPT LPT

3RD STAGE 5RD STAGE 7RD STAGE
BFP

LPH3 LPH2 LPH1 DC

DRIP DRIP DRIP

CONDENSER
LPT STAGES
7TH STAGE

5TH STAGE
3RD STAGE
What is deareator?
 Deaerator is a device for air removal from water to
make it non-corrosive. Deaerator generally implies not
only the deaerator but also the feed water tank below
where deaerated water is stored and fed to the suction
of boiler feed pumps.
DEARATOR WITH STORAGE TANK
DEAERATOR
Feed Water System
Components of feed water system
 Boiler Feed Pump

 HP Heaters

 Feed Regulating Station

 Drip System
Boiler Feed Pump
 To give the required pressure to the feed water before
entering into boiler.

 Horizontal barrel type multi stage pump.

 Three per unit of 50% capacity.

 General Arrangement of BFP
To HPH. Recirculation to FST
Feed Water
From D/A

Suction
Strainer

Main
Motor
Pump
Booster
Pump

S S for
Hydraulic
Main Pump
Coupling
BFP WITH COMMON FOUNDATION FRAME
 HP Heaters
 These are feed water heaters operating at high
pressure.

 HP heaters are connected in series on feed

waterside and by such arrangement, the feed water,
after feed pump enters the HP heaters.

 The steam is supplied to these heaters form the

bleed point of the turbine through motor
operated valves.

 These heaters have a group bypass protection on

the feed waterside.
 Water side of HP Heaters

To FRS

From BFP Discharge

 Feed Regulating Station
 Two valves with 100% capacity for full load.
 One valve with 30% capacity for low load.

 Three-element feed-flow regulating system

 Steam flow from the boiler,
 Feed water flow to the boiler
 Water level in the boiler drum.

 Single element feed-flow regulating system

 Water level in the boiler drum.
 Feed Regulating Station

Lo

From HPH Hi

Hi
Drip system
 The bleed steam from the turbine does the work of reheating
in the regenerative heaters and gets condensed. This
condensation is termed as drip.
 Drip from the Heaters is further utilized for reheating.
 HP heaters drip is cascaded from
 HPH6 to HPH5
 HPH5 to deaerater.
 LPH drip is cascaded from
 LPH3 tp LPH2
 LPH2 to LPH1
 LPH1 to condenser
Turbine Vacuum System
 Parts of Vacuum System

 Condenser

 CW system

 Ejectors/Vacuum pumps

 Gland Sealing System

 Condenser
 Steam from last stage of LPT Exhausts on
condenser tube

 Condensation of steam takes place

 Water collected in hot well

Parts of the Condenser

 SHELL

 AIRZONE

 WATER BOX

 TUBE
 CW system
 Supply cooling water to condensers

 Maintains vacuum in condensers

 Flows through condensers tubes

STEAM EJECTORS

 No moving parts
 Most reliable
Least maintenance
Least expensive
Built for a given motive steam pressure
 Non-condensible gases removed
 STEAM EJECTORS Convergent
Nozzle divergent

Discharge to condenser
diffuser

Motive
steam

Non condensibile gases and

water vapour from condenser
EJECTORS

 MAIN EJECTOR

 STARTING EJECTORS

 PRIMING EJECTOR
Ejectors
VACUUM PUMPS
 Rotary positive-displacement pump

 The working parts of the vacuum pump consist of

a multi-bladed impeller mounted eccentrically in a
round casing which is partly filled with liquid. As
the impeller rotates, the liquid is thrown by
centrifugal force to form a liquid ring which is
concentric with the periphery of the casing.
 Vacuum Pump
Suction port
Discharge port

Casing

Impeller

Gas vapour
mixture Liquid ring
Importance of the lubrication system

To reduce the wear and tear of the rotating elements.

To maintain the temperature of the bearings.

 Purpose of Turbine oil system

Lubrication of turbine.
Cooling of bearings
Sealing medium in Hydrogen cooling system
Turbine barring gear operation.
Working fluid in Governing system
Lubrication system components

 Main oil Pump.

Auxiliary oil pump
Emergency oil pump
Jack oil pump
Main Oil Tank
Lubrication system components……

Oil coolers

Oil Filters

Oil Injectors

Centrifuge

Vapour Extractors
 Lubrication Oil Circuit
MOP

HPT IPT LPT Gen

Injector

Vap. Ext
Filter

MOT
Oil cooler
AOP EOP
JOP
MAIN OIL PUMP(MOP)
 LOCATION: This pump is mounted in the front
bearing pedestal. It is coupled with turbine rotor
through a gear coupling.

 Oil suction from MOT Through two number of

injectors connected in series.

 Takes over when turbine speed > 2800 rpm.

 Supplies oil for turbine bearing lubrication as well as

for the turbine governing system. .
 AUXILIARY OIL PUMPS (AOPS)
 Two in number, AC motor driven
 Supplies oil during turbo-set starting and stopping
when the turbine is running at speed lower than
2800 rpm
 Supplies oil to governing system as well as to the
lubrication system.
 Serves as standby to main centrifugal oil pump.
 Vertical submerged pump
 EMERGENCY OIL PUMP(EOP)
 This is a centrifugal pump, driven by D.C. electric
motor.

 Vertical submerged pump

 This automatically cuts in when ever there is

failure of A.C. supply at power station and or the
lubrication oil pressure falls below a certain value
 JACKING OIL PUMPS(JOPS)
 Two in number, AC motor driven

 Both pumps are AC driven but in some of the plants

one of the JOP is DC driven also.

 To lift the rotor assembly during TG start up and shut

down.

 Suction from MOT.

 OIL COOLERS
 To cool the lubricating oil

 The cooling medium for these coolers is circulating

water.

 The pressure of the cooling water is kept lower than

that of oil to avoid its mixing with oil in the event of
tube rupture.

 OIL TEMP. CONTROLLER for maintaining the

lubrication oil temp at rated value by controlling the
flow through the coolers.
 VAPOUR EXTRACTION SYSTEM

 Two Vapour Extractor fans

 Exhaust fans

 Maintains -ve pressure inside MOT

 Removes oil fumes from the MOT.

 OIL Filter

 Basket type filter inside the oil tank

 For thrust bearing

 Duplex filter

 Filter changeover required after choking.

 Main Oil Centrifuge

 Required for removing moisture from the turbine

oil.

 A portion of oil is continuously circulated through

the centrifuge to remove the moisture from the oil.
THANK YOU