1) Light travels in straight lines and reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them.
2) Refraction occurs when light changes speed and direction as it passes from one medium to another, as described by Snell's law.
3) White light is made of the visible light spectrum and can be separated into colors using prisms or raindrops through dispersion and refraction. The primary colors that can be added together to make other colors are red, blue, and green.
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1) Light travels in straight lines and reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them.
2) Refraction occurs when light changes speed and direction as it passes from one medium to another, as described by Snell's law.
3) White light is made of the visible light spectrum and can be separated into colors using prisms or raindrops through dispersion and refraction. The primary colors that can be added together to make other colors are red, blue, and green.
1) Light travels in straight lines and reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them.
2) Refraction occurs when light changes speed and direction as it passes from one medium to another, as described by Snell's law.
3) White light is made of the visible light spectrum and can be separated into colors using prisms or raindrops through dispersion and refraction. The primary colors that can be added together to make other colors are red, blue, and green.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
1) Light travels in straight lines and reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them.
2) Refraction occurs when light changes speed and direction as it passes from one medium to another, as described by Snell's law.
3) White light is made of the visible light spectrum and can be separated into colors using prisms or raindrops through dispersion and refraction. The primary colors that can be added together to make other colors are red, blue, and green.
Copyright:
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LIGHT WAVES & RAYS
Light In this lesson:
1) Properties of light 2) Reflection 3) Refraction 4) Diffraction Properties of Light
Light travels in straight lines:
Laser Light travels VERY FAST – around 300,000 kilometres per second.
At this speed it can
go around the world 8 times in one second. Light travels much faster than sound. For example:
1) Thunder and lightning
start at the same time, but we will see the lightning first.
2) When a starting pistol
is fired we see the smoke first and then hear the bang. We see things because they reflect light into our eyes:
Homework Luminous and non-luminous objects
A luminous object is one that produces light.
A non-luminous object is one that reflects light.
Luminous objects Reflectors
Effects caused by the fact that light travels in straight lines Shadows Shadows are places where light is “blocked”:
Rays of light Eclipses Types of Eclipses Umbra & Penumbra The Pinhole Camera Properties of Light summary
1) Light travels in straight lines
2) Light travels much faster than sound 3) We see things because they reflect light into our eyes 4) Shadows are formed when light is blocked by an object REFLECTION OF LIGHT Reflection Reflection from a mirror:
Normal
Incident ray Reflected ray
Angle of Angle of incidence reflection
Mirror The Law of Reflection
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at
____ _____ angle it hits it.
The same !!! Clear vs. Diffuse Reflection
Smooth, shiny surfaces
have a clear reflection:
Rough, dull surfaces have
a diffuse reflection.
Diffuse reflection is when
light is scattered in different directions Using mirrors Two examples:
2) A car headlight
1) A periscope Characteristics of an Image in a Plane Mirror Characteristics of an Image in a Plane Mirror 1. The image and the object are equal distances from the mirror.
2. The image is laterally inverted.
3. The image is virtual or imaginary as there
is no light actually meeting at that point. Refraction
Refraction is when waves change direction or slow down
due to travelling in a different medium. A medium is something that waves will travel through.
The following phenomenon are due to the refraction of
light. Due to the refraction of light, objects in liquids appear: bigger; bent; closer.
How it works. When white light passes through a prism, it is split into its constituent colours. Laws of Refraction
1. The incident and refracted rays are on
OPPOSITE sides of the normal and ALL lie IN THE SAME PLANE.
2. SNELL’S LAW: for light passing from one
medium to another, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is CONSTANT.
This constant is called the refractive index, n.
A ray that travels along the normal is un-refracted i
r Snell’s Law
For refraction from medium 1 to medium 2
sin 1 n2 1 n2 a constant sin 2 n1 Calculating refractive index (n) using the speed of light, (c)
The absolutely refractive index of a
material, n, is calculated as follows:
n = Speed of light in a vacuum (or air), c
Speed of light in material, v Real and Apparent Depth
Due to refraction of light rays, objects in
water appear closer than they really are. This fact can be used to calculate the refractive index.
n = real depth apparent depth Real and Apparent Depth Lateral Displacement
Lateral displacement is the deviation of a refracted ray from its original path
Lateral displacement Critical Angle, c When light goes from a medium in which it has low speed to a medium in which it has a higher speed, it angle of REFRACTION is GREATER than its angle of incidence.
Also, the wave is also partly reflected at an
equal angle.
If the angle of incidence is increased, the
angle of refraction is also increased. Critical Angle, c The angle of incidence for which the refracted ray emerges at 90o to the normal, is referred to as the critical angle. Formula for Critical Angle, c
1 n sin c Total Internal Reflection
If the angle of incidence is increased beyond the critical angle (i.e. i>c), then no light leaves the medium; all light is reflected.
This is called total
internal reflection. Applications of Total Internal Reflection A Prism may be used to turn a ray of light through 90o or 180o.
45 45
Ray turned through 90o Ray turned through 180o
Applications of Total Internal Reflection
The principle of total internal reflection is
used in Fibre Optics.
Fibre Optics cables total internally
reflects electromagnet waves which are carrying signals. COLOURS OF WHITE LIGHT Dispersion of White Light White light is not a single colour; it is made up of a mixture of the seven colours of the rainbow.
We can demonstrate this by
splitting white light with a prism:
This is how rainbows are
formed: sunlight is “split up” by raindrops. The dispersion of white light occurs because each colour is refracted to a different degree.
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet Adding colours White light can be split up to make separate colours. These colours can be added together again.
The primary colours of light are red, blue and green:
Adding blue and red Adding blue and
makes magenta green makes cyan (purple) (light blue)
Adding red Adding all
and green three makes makes yellow white again Seeing colour The colour an object appears depends on the colours of light it reflects.
For example, a red book only reflects red light:
White Only red light
light is reflected A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light (and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue):
Purple light
A white hat would reflect all seven colours:
White light Using coloured light If we look at a coloured object in coloured light we see something different. For example, consider a football kit:
Shirt looks red
White light
Shorts look blue
In different colours of light this kit would look different:
