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    Substitution : A Grammatical Cohesion

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    foni Trifosa
    The document discusses different types of substitution in English grammar: 1. Nominal substitution includes words like "one", "ones", and "same" that can substitute for nouns. 2. Verbal substitution uses auxiliary verbs like "do" and "did" to substitute for main verbs. 3. Clausal substitution employs words like "so" and "not" to substitute for clauses in contexts like reported speech, conditional statements, and modality.

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    Substitution : A Grammatical Cohesion

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    foni Trifosa
    86 views8 pages
    The document discusses different types of substitution in English grammar: 1. Nominal substitution includes words like "one", "ones", and "same" that can substitute for nouns. 2. Verbal substitution uses auxiliary verbs like "do" and "did" to substitute for main verbs. 3. Clausal substitution employs words like "so" and "not" to substitute for clauses in contexts like reported speech, conditional statements, and modality.

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    Substitution

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    The document discusses different types of substitution in English grammar: 1. Nominal substitution includes words like "one", "ones", and "same" that can substitute for nouns. 2. Verbal substitution uses auxiliary verbs like "do" and "did" to substitute for main verbs. 3. Clausal substitution employs words like "so" and "not" to substitute for clauses in contexts like reported speech, conditional statements, and modality.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    86 views8 pages

    Substitution : A Grammatical Cohesion

    Uploaded by

    foni Trifosa
    The document discusses different types of substitution in English grammar: 1. Nominal substitution includes words like "one", "ones", and "same" that can substitute for nouns. 2. Verbal substitution uses auxiliary verbs like "do" and "did" to substitute for main verbs. 3. Clausal substitution employs words like "so" and "not" to substitute for clauses in contexts like reported speech, conditional statements, and modality.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    Substitution;

    A Grammatical Cohesion
    Definition of substitution
    Substitution is a relation between linguistic
    items,such as words or phrases or in the other
    word,it is a relation on the lexico-grammatical level
    of gammar and vocabulary,or linguistic form. It is
    also usually as relation in the wording rather than in
    the meaning.The criterion is the grammar function
    of the substitution item.In english, the substitution
    may function as a noun,as verb,or as a
    clause.then,Halliday and Hassan divide the three
    types of substitution namely nominal,verbal and
    clausal.
    Kind of Substitution

    Nominal Substitution  One


     Ones
     same
    Verbal Substitution  Do
     Did
    Clausal Substitution  So
     Not
    (Halliday and Hassan 1976)
    1.Nominal Substitution,
    one/ones,same
    The elements of nominal substitution are
    one,ones and same.The substitution One/Ones
    ,same always function as head of a nominal
    group,and can subtitute only for an item which
    it self head of nominal group.
    Ex; My pen is too blunt,I must get a sharper one.
    The word one is the substitution for pen
    2. Verbal Substitution
    The Verbal substitution in english is do,did this
    operates as the head of a verbal group,in the
    place that is occupied by the lexical verb,and it is
    always in the final position in the group.
    Ex; Does Jean sing?-No but Marry does.
    In the example does substitues sing.
    3.Clausal Substitution
    • The words is used as substitution are so and not.there
    are three environments in which clausal substitution
    take place; report,condition,and modality. In each of
    these environtments it may take either of two
    forms,positive or negative,the positive is expressed by
    so,the negative by not
    a. substitution of reported clause
    Ex; “if you have seen them so often,of course you know
    what they are like”
    “I believe so” Alice replied thoughtfully.
    In this sentense so substitutes I know what they are like.
    b.Substitution of conditional clause
    Ex; Everyone seems to think he’s guilty,if so,no
    doubt he’ll offer to resign
    In this sentense so is substitutes he is guilty
    c.Substitution of modalized of clausal
    Ex; would you like cats if you were me?
    ‘well,perhaps not’,said alice in a shooting tone,
    These sentense may be expressed either by modal
    forms of the verb(will,would,can,must,should,and
    ought to)
    Analysis
    > We’ve been through tough times before,But the American people are always
    tough.We always come out on top because we pull together,because we look after one
    another.
    ( this sentence is nominal substitution,the word one is substitution for tough)

    > So that is the plan, Nevada. That’s how you build a strong sustainable economiy
    that has good middle class jobs.That’s how you encourage new businesses to stay
    here,that’s how you increase take-home pay,not by talking about it,but by
    implementing plans that do it.
    (this sentence is verbal substitution,the word do is substitution for build a strong
    sustainable economy.)

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