Lesson 2: Dancing

toward the 21 century

st
 Modern History
Late 16th and 17th Centuries With Louis XIII and Louis XIV, dance
increased as a court amusement and during
A period in the history of dance in Italy, the latter’s reign, it transformed into
France, and England was pleasantly deep and professional entertainment.
rich. In the late Renaissance and the Baroque
periods, dancers and personalities exerted Male dancers played both male and female
remarkable influence as the builders of ballet. roles in court ballets. In 1681, Mila La
France became the forerunner in dance Fontaine, the first female professional dancer
during this period. With Catherine de produced by the Academic Royalel de la
Medici’s transfer to France and the production Musique et de Dance, performed in Le
of Le Ballet Comique de la Reine in 1581, trimphe de L’Amour, the first ballet in which
influence on dance began to transfer from the women took part. She was hailed as the queen
Italian court to the French court. of the dance after the performance.

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The most significant ballets produced in the 17th 18th Century
century French court are the following:
As the century continued, dance in ballroom
Ballet de la Nuit (1653) and in theatrical performance began to
Louis XIV portrayed the Sun King, after which separate technically and aesthetically. The
he became known by that name. French and English theaters grew as major
dance centers, while Austria and Germany
reduced their centers in the court theaters.
Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (1670)
With the establishment of the Paris Opera,
This is Molière’s comedy play, which both male and female professional dancers
featured music and dance sequences. were given equal opportunity to take lead roles
rather than just character parts. During this
period the professional male dancers or
Le Triomphe de L’Amour (1681)
danseurs nobles took the leading roles in the
A ballet created by Jean-Baptiste Lully, in which ballets
the first female dancers appeared.

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 Meanwhile male dancers took the supporting
To further enrich their roles, professional roles in romantic ballets, but offstage they
female dancers explored their techniques and continued as dance masters and arranged the
skills beyond the court dances by enhancing ballets. Also, during this century, both males
their movements with beats, turns, and leg and females must strictly follow the code of
extensions. Dancers used five positions of the etiquette when attending a ball or they will not
feet, both on the stage and in the ballroom. be admitted. The master of ceremonies
Mythology, fantasy, realism, and humanism prepared a set of written ballroom guidelines,
were the common themes showcased in ballets. activities, and written instructions for the
dances. Dance manuals, which included
19th Century instructions and directions for dances and
manners in the ballroom, were also developed
During the romantic era, the female dancers
by the dance masters.
took the lead roles in ballet performances. They
appeared as winged, unearthly beings such as
nymphs and fairies. To have an illusion of
dancing in points, dancers stood at the tips of
their toes and this became an essential feature of
the ballerina's art.

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Ballroom dances of the 19th century Cotillion Quadrille
The cotillion, a forerunner of the American The quadrille was performed in a stately
square dance, had many figures that required manner and, later on, in an accelerated one.
practice by the group. The complexity of the The "Queen of London Society," Lady Sarah
dance made it a special performance at a ball or a Jersey, introduced the quadrille to English
presentation by a dance master at a recital hall. society at Almack's in 1815. The original
figures were determined by the dancers, as in a
Polonaise country dance. In 1818 dancing master
Thomas Wilson explained some 50
The polonaise, which opened a court ball, movements and wrote instructions on how to
involved partners dancing side by side behind a combine them into figures in his book Treatise
lead couple and moving through various choral on Quadrille Dancing.
figures. Performed in triple time, it had one step
that was repeated throughout the dance. The
dancers started with bows, then they proceeded Waltz
down the center of the room, creating two Many scholars believe that the waltz was
columns from which they can change wheel derived from the German landler and other
places, from squares or wee around, and moving Southern German folk dances
forward or back. For the final part of the routine,
the dancers were led down the middle of the hall.
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 20th Century
It was performed in triple time by single couples
The early part of the 20th century can be best
in close embrace and featured wild hopping,
described as a period of "dance fever" wherein
stamping, and throwing of the female partner
the young and old alike were not limited to
into the air.
express their emotions through dance. With
the introduction of ragtime, people were not
Polka afraid to show their energetic movements such
as skipping and running barefoot. Ragtime is a
The polka, which may have originated in Poland
type of music known for its syncopated
or the former Czechoslovakia, was a popular
melodic line and regularly accented
social dance in the first part of the century. This
accompaniment played especially on the piano.
half-step dance. in 2/4 time was introduced in
Scott Joplin, an African-American composer
the ballrooms of Prague in the 1830s. Dancing
and pianist, created the influential ragtime
masters brought it to Paris and it reached the
piece "Maple Leaf Rag" which made him
stage in 1840. The dance had five figures on the
famous among both black and white societies.
stage. By 1843 polka already invaded the city
and eventually swept Europe and the United
States. The dance entered English ballrooms by
1844.

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 The, tango is a highly sensual and erotic dance
After the first decade, the collaboration of performed by a couple with close body contact
husband and wife, Vernon and Irene Castle, and direct eye contact. The increasing
transformed social dance from a set structure of acceptance for the (lance reached Paris, Europe,
steps to a series of figures for couples. The castle London, and New York. In 1914 another
walk,'accompanied by the song "Castle Rag," was animal dance was developed — the foxtrot.
performed in the close dance position with the Arthur Carringford's famous two slow steps
mm walking backward and the women moving followed by four quick steps gained popularity
forward, then repeated in the open position. in society and were brought in dance halls. His
Despite the criticism from anti-dance groups, stage name was Harry Fox and he performed in
the Castles continued to introduce more steps New York vaudeville theaters.
that imitate animal moves such as the turkey
During the early 1920s, also known as the Jazz
trot, the fox trot, the bunny hug, and the grizzly
Age or the Roaring Twenties, the Charleston,
bear with scandalous close embraces. With these
the Black Bottom, and the Lindy Hop were
fresh moves, people got more interested in
introduced.
dancir.g. In Buenos Aires, another dance was
developed with mixed cultural elements from
African, Native American, and Latin dances and
popular Argentine music.

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 Latin dance and music have been identified as
The Charleston, which originated in the harbor a fusion of American music styles. Dances such
city of Charleston, South Carolina, was done in as rumba, mambo, and cha cha cha from Cuba
4/4 time and can be performed solo, with a and samba from Brazil became popular in
partner, or with a group. Though it is usually America during the 1930s and 1940s, as they
performed in place, it looks like normal walking. were popularized by movie stars. The rumba is
Its simpticity made it easy for performers to considered the "grandfather of the Latin
improvise. The Black Bottom originated in New dances." It is a dance that narrates love and
Orleans and has movements similar to the passion between a tough male lover and a
Charleston. "The Original Black Bottom Dance" timid, mischievous woman. With its sensual
was printed in 1919 and the dance became a fad hip action movements and intense sharp eye
in American society in the mid-20s. The Lindy contact, it is considered to be the Eexiest
Hop was an American dance that originated in ballroom dance. The mambo music comes
Harlem, New York City. It was a combination of from a very old tradition of Africa which
many dances such as jazz, tap, breakaway, and consistedcof multifaceted rhythms. The word
Charle:;ton. It was sometimes referred to as a "mambo" was not initially a term for a dance,
street dance because of its improvisational and but simply an Afro-Cuban name for polymetry
social nature. or rhythm against rhythm.

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 Among the prevalent dances were the jitterbug
The mambo is the music ofvoodoo and the or swing, the Lindy, the rock'n'roll, and the
music of the people. The cha-cha-cha was boogie-woogie or Bop. Bop was new then but
derived from the mambo and the swing. Like was usually referred to as Charleston-like steps
most Latin dances, the dancers' feet remain close danced in place, sometimes without a partner.
to the floor, the hips are relaxed to allow free The bossa nova also emerged in this decade and
movement in thepelvic area, and the upper body earned its popularity in the early 1960s. It is a
shifts over the supporting foot as the steps are Latin dance in 2/4 syncopated time. It is a
taken. Meanwhile the samba has a distinct look combination of samba rhythm and jazz,
and feel because of its "samba bounce action," 'a resulting in a Latin mix. Eydie Gorme recorded
light, effortless, and carefree movement from the first bossa nova dance music entitled
the knees and ankles. In 1950, after World War "Blame it on the Bossa Nova.“
II, there was a shift from dance bands to concerts
The boogaloo gained its fame through the
in nightclubs. Most of the movements of the
songs "Boogaloo Blues" and "I Like It Like That."
teenagers were varied in steps and style but ivere
The dance is a combination of Latin, African
still swing-based.
American, rhythm and blues, rock 'n' roil, and
soul music

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 The twist was an expression of
It lasted only during the decade but returned the individualism—there were no definite roles
following decade in the West Coast with a funky for men or women. 'The dancers danced apart,
style flail featured head and body rolls and stood in one place and twisted their hips from
unconventional leg movements. side to side, pivoting on their feet. The
The boogaloo gained its fame through the songs movements were free and provocative.
"Boogaloo Blues" and "I Like It Like That." The The British introduced the Mod dance and it
dance is a combination of Latin, African was brought to America in 1963. The "cool"
American, rhythm and blues, rock 'n' roil, and narcissistic teenagers who rebelled against the
soul music. It lasted only during the decade but emotionalism of rock roll were among the first
returned the following decade in the West Coast toperform this dance. It was a free-flowing and
with a funky style flail featured head and body jerky dance that required a partner. Some
rolls and unconventional leg movements. examples of Mod dances are the Pony, the
In the early 1960s, Chubby Checker first Crow, the Monkey, the Boomerang, the Saw,
performed and introduced the twist on the Freddy, the Jump-Up, the Slop, the Skate,
American Bandstand. The dance was the Ski, the Jerk, the Kick, and the Let Kiss.
accidentally invented while he was drying
himself with a towel after taking a shower.

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 Since then it became part of the American pop
The psychedelic dance was introduced during culture and kept its popularity for the last two
the widespread use of p 3ychedelic drugs in 1967 decades.
at Haight Ashbury, San Francisco. The dance was In the last two decades of the 20th century,
experimental and Freeform in nature, affected choreographers and dancers continued to
by drug-induced exhibitioniSm. Psychedelic explore new directions. Individual statements,
culture and dance aimed at ecstas and y revised old themes, and stretching the medium
individual self-absorption, representing the through collaboration and technology were the
lifestyle of people who refu3e and reject rules main focus. In 1983 "King of Pop" Michael
established by society. Jackson released his music video of "Thriller,"
The 1970s marked the dance bang as the disco while Madonna had "Like a Virgin." In the
clubs progressed from Europe to the United 1980s there was a continuous innovation in
States that featured African American and social dances, while western line dances gained
Latino artists and Disco jocks created music their popularity throughout the 1990s. In 1983
from jazz, soul, and rhythm and blues. In 1975 a the popularity of disco dance slowly declined;
Cuban dance that originated in New York City but other dances were introduced, such as pop-
called the hustle became popular and was used in rock, rap, techno, and rhythm and blues.
the movie Saturday Night Fever.

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 Hello!
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I am here because I love to give presentations.
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1.
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Let’s start with the first set of slides
 “Quotations are commonly
printed as a means of inspiration
and to invoke philosophical
thoughts from the reader”

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This is a slide title
✢ Here you have a list of items
✢ And some text
✢ But remember not to overload your slides with
content

Your audience will listen to you or read the content,

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 Big concept
Bring the attention of your audience over a key
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You can also split your content
White Black
Is the color of milk and fresh Is the color of coal, ebony, and
snow, the color produced by the of outer space. It is the darkest
combination of all the colors of color, the result of the absence
the visible spectrum. of or complete absorption of
light.

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In two or three columns
Yellow Blue Red
Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the Is the color of blood,
butter and ripe clear sky and the and because of this it
lemons. In the deep sea. It is located has historically been
spectrum of visible between violet and associated with
light, yellow is green on the optical sacrifice, danger and
found between spectrum. courage.
green and orange.

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A picture is worth a thousand words
A complex idea can be conveyed
with just a single still image,
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Want big impact?
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Use charts to explain your ideas

White Gray Black

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And tables to compare data

A B C

Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16

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Let’s review some concepts
Yellow Blue Red
Is the color of gold, butter and Is the colour of the clear sky Is the color of blood, and
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of and the deep sea. It is located because of this it has
visible light, yellow is found between violet and green on historically been associated
between green and orange. the optical spectrum. with sacrifice, danger and
courage.

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and Is the colour of the clear sky Is the color of blood, and
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of and the deep sea. It is located because of this it has
visible light, yellow is found between violet and green on historically been associated
between green and orange. the optical spectrum. with sacrifice, danger and
courage.

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