Tanishas PSBH

INSOMNIA
Group No:
Done by- Prabhat Maheria (41)
Madurima Maity (43)
Sarang Mehta (45)
Tanisha Menghani (46)
Facilitator- Dr. Mudra Mehta
INTRODUCTION
What is Insomnia?
Insomnia is difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep,
even when a person has the chance to do so. People
with insomnia can feel dissatisfied with their sleep
and usually experience one or more of the
following symptoms:
Fatigue
Low energy
Difficulty concentrating
Mood disturbances and
Decreased performance in work or at school.
How long does insomnia last?
Insomnia may be characterized based on its duration.
Acute insomnia: Is brief and often happens because of
life circumstances (for example, when you can't fall
asleep the night before an exam, or after receiving
stressful or bad news).
Chronic insomnia: Is disrupted sleep that occurs at
least three nights per week and lasts at least three
months. Chronic insomnia disorders can have many
causes.
People with insomnia tend to have difficulty falling
asleep (onset), staying asleep (maintenance), and/or
they wake up too early in the morning. Treatment for
insomnia can include behavioral, psychological, medical
components or some combination thereof.
What happens if you have insomnia?
There are serious health risks associated with
chronic insomnia. Such as :-
1. Increased risk for medical conditions- stroke,
high BP, heart disease etc
2. Increased risk for mental health disorders-
depression, anxiety, frustration etc
3. Increased risk for accidents
4. Affect your daily lives- performance at work or
school, memory, judgement.
5. Shortened life expectancy
Research Question
To find out the prevalence and study
the predisposing factors of Insomnia
amongst 100 Undergraduate students
including 70 Medical and 30
Nonmedical Undergraduate students
in Ahmedabad using the PSQI
(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)
during June 2017.
Aims and Objectives
1. To investigate the prevalence rate of
Sleep Quality (Insomnia) amongst
Undergraduate students in Ahmedabad,
Gujarat.
2. To study the predisposing factors of
Insomnia and Poor sleep quality.
3. To do a comparative study between
Medical & Non medical UG students.
Materials and Methods
Selection of Subjects- A survey of 100 Undergraduate
students from all streams across Ahmedabad,
Gujarat, was conducted using a standardized sleep
study scale via Google forms distributed online.
Study Design- Observational retrospective type.
Sampling Method- Random sampling method.
Study Population- 100 Undergraduate students from
Gujarat. 70 medical students and 30 non-medical
students.
Ethical Consideration- Survey forms were voluntarily
filled by subjects and they identity and responses will
be kept confidential.
Methodology
1. A validated consent was obtained from the Pittsburgh
University for usage of their validated sleep quality
assessment scale and questionnaire – Pittsburgh Sleep
Quality Assessment Index (PSQI).
2. The Questionnaire along with a few other

demographics like gender, age, stream of study etc
were included in the survey.
3. The PSQI questionnaire was scored based on 7

components. The sum of all 7 components gave the
subject’s GLOBAL PSQI score which is utilized for
interpretation of the subject’s sleep quality
4. The following are the 7 components of PSQI scale:
I. Component 1= Subjective Sleep Quality
II. Component 2=Sleep latency
III. Component 3=Sleep Duration
IV. Component 4=Habitual Sleep Efficiency
V. Component 5=Sleep Disturbances
VI. Component 6=Use of Sleeping Medications
VII.Component 7=Daytime Dysfunction
5. The GLOBAL PSQI score ranges from a Minimum score=0
(Better) to a Maximum score=21(Worse)
6. Interpretation:
 I) A GLOBAL PSQI score <5= GOOD Sleep Quality
 II) A GLOBAL PSQI score ≥5= POOR Sleep Quality
7. The survey forms were randomly distributed online
using Google forms to UG students in Ahmedabad,
Gujarat.
8. All 100 responses received were recorded in an excel

sheet for data analysis.
9. The study was conducted in a period of one month-

June, 2017.
Statistical analysis:
 Data analysis was done using the standardized IBM
SPSS software.
Observation and
Discussion
Percentage of Students
GOOD Sleep Quality (<5)

25
POOR Sleep Quality (5 & more)
75
GLOBAL PSQI SCORE FREQUENCY
0 2
2 5
3 7
4 11
5 11
6 12
7 7
8 13
9 8
10 3
11 5
12 4
13 3
14 4
15 1
18 3
19 1
TOTAL 100
Gender comparison of Global PSQI Scores
Gender N Minimum Maximum Mean Std.
Deviation
Male 62 0 15 6.63 3.250
Female 38 0 19 8.74 4.791
10.00
9.00 8.74
8.00
7.00
GLOBAL PSQI Score
6.63
6.00
5.00 4.791
4.00 Mean Std. Deviation
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
3.250
Age comparison of Global PSQI Scores
Age Categorized Mean Std. Deviation
<18 years 6.00 0
18-21 years 7.24 4.209
>21 years 8.41 2.980
9.00
8.00
GLOBAL PSQI Score
7.00
6.00
6.00
5.00
4.209
4.00
Mean
2.980
3.00 Std. Deviation
2.00
1.00
0.00
0.000 7.24 8.41
Study stream comparison of Global PSQI Scores
Stream of study- Mean Std. Deviation
UG
MEDICAL Students 7.30 3.972
G LO B A L P S Q I S co re
NON MEDICAL 7.73 4.177

Students
9.00
8.00 7.73
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.177
3.972 Mean
4.00
Std. Deviation
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
7.30
Interpretation and Conclusion
 The survey study has clearly shown that majority of
today’s youth especially students between the age of
17- 25 have Poor Sleep Quality and many might be
suffering from undiagnosed Insomnia or are highly
susceptible to the disease.
 Gender: Gender plays a predisposing factor to

Insomnia and Poor Sleep Quality since Females are
seen to have a Poorer Sleep Quality as compared to
Males and are at a higher risk for Insomnia or may have
underlying disease of Insomnia.
 Age: Age plays a predisposing factor to Insomnia and
Poor Sleep Quality since we saw a deteriorating Sleep
Quality with Increasing age of students with highest
being in the age group >21 years.
 Stream of Study: Stream of study of the surveyed

Undergraduate students was taken into account in
order to study the relation of professional stress and
lifestyle with that of Sleep Quality. Surprisingly, in this
survey students of Non-Medical streams scored slightly
higher than Medical students with a difference of 0.43
between their Mean Global PSQI Scores.
Recommendations
1. If one has trouble sleeping or increased daytime sleepiness or
other problems related to sleep one should consider consulting a
physician.
2. Lifestyle changes especially those to relieve stress can be helpful

in improving sleep quality.
3. Young adults especially college students are advised to achieve

improved sleep quality in order to boost their efficiency and
performance.
4. Improved sleep quality helps in improved learning necessary in

college students.
5. If the quality of sleep does not improve or worsens even with

adopting lifestyle changes, consult a physician without much
delay as there can be an underlying cause to the poor sleep
quality.
6. Do not take any medication without consulting of a physician.

Limitations
1. The sample size of the study is small.
2. The questionnaire does not directly provide a
definitive diagnosis of Insomnia in studied subjects.
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INSOMNIA

2. The Questionnaire along with a few other

3. The PSQI questionnaire was scored based on 7

8. All 100 responses received were recorded in an excel

9. The study was conducted in a period of one month-

GOOD Sleep Quality (<5)

POOR Sleep Quality (5 & more)

4.00 Mean Std. Deviation

NON MEDICAL 7.73 4.177

 Gender: Gender plays a predisposing factor to

 Stream of Study: Stream of study of the surveyed

2. Lifestyle changes especially those to relieve stress can be helpful

3. Young adults especially college students are advised to achieve

4. Improved sleep quality helps in improved learning necessary in

5. If the quality of sleep does not improve or worsens even with

6. Do not take any medication without consulting of a physician.

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