Formworks and

Scaffolding
& Staging
Formworks

 Form - a temporary boarding, sheating or pan

used to produce the desired shape and size of
concrete.
 The structural members of a building are a built-
up into is desired shape and dimension through
the use of forms which serve as mould for the
mixed concrete.
 Concrete mixture – generally semi-fluid that
reproduces the shape of anything into which it is
poured.
Formworks
Selection of Forms are based from:

 1. Cost of materials
 2. The construction and assembling cost
 3. The number of times it could be used
 4. Strength and resistance to pressure and tear
and wear
Formworks
Classification of Forms:
 A. Materials
 1. wood
 2. metal
 3. plastic
 4. composite
Formworks
Classification of Forms:
 B. Shape
 1. straight
 2. circular, etc.

 C. Solid or Hollow Cast
 1. single
 2. double
Formworks
Classification of Forms:
 D. Methods f Construction
 1. ordinary
 2. unit


 E. Uses
 1. Foundation and column
 2. wall
 3. steps
 4. beams and girders
 5. slabs
 6. sidewalks, etc.
Formworks
Classification of Forms:
 F. Construction of Forms consist of
 1. retaining board
 2. supporters or studs
 3. braces
 4. spacer
 5. tie wire
 6. bolts and nails
Formworks
Classification of Forms:
 G. Types of Wall Form:
 1. continuous
 2. full unit
 3. layer unit
 a. continuous
 b. sectional
Formworks

Greasing of Forms
 The purpose of greasing the form is to make the
wood water proof thus preventing the
absorption of water in the concrete which
causes swelling and wrapping.
 Crude oil – the most economical and
satisfactory material for the purpose of greasing
the form.
Scaffolding and Staging
 Scaffolding – temporary structure of wooden
poles and planks providing platform for working
men to stand on while erecting or repairing a
building.
 Staging – a more substantial framework
progressively built up as tall building rises. This
term is applied because it is built up in stages
one storey at a time. It is also a temporary
working platform against or within a building
employed for construction, repairs or demolition
of a structure.
Scaffolding and Staging
 The primary cause of accidents and failure of
framework is brought about by the use of inferior
quality lumber, inadequate supports and
braces, nails and others for economy sake.
Scaffolding and Staging
 Different parts of staging
 1. vertical support
 2. footing base (as need arises)
 3. horizontal braces
 4. blocks and wedges support
 5. nails
Scaffolding and Staging
 Estimating Scaffolding and Staging

 The computation requires time and rich

imagination of the estimator in determining the
vertical and horizontal support including the
diagonal braces, the blocks and the wedges
which are not shown even on a detailed plan of
the building.
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
Thickness (mm)

4
Width (m/ft)

0.90 m. (3 ft.)
Length (m/ft)

1.80 m (6 ft.)

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
4 1.20 m. (4 ft.) 2.40 m. (8 ft.)

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
6 0.90 m. (3 ft.) 1.80 m (6 ft.)

P 6 1.20 m. (4 ft.) 2.40 m. (8 ft.)

12 0.90 m. (3 ft.) 1.80 m (6 ft.)

12 1.20 m. (4 ft.) 2.40 m. (8 ft.)

20 0.90 m. (3 ft.) 1.80 m (6 ft.)

20 1.20 m. (4 ft.) 2.40 m. (8 ft.)

25 0.90 m. (3 ft.) 1.80 m (6 ft.)

25 1.20 m. (4 ft.) 2.40 m. (8 ft.)

Table 1: Commercial Sizes for Plywood

Area (Square Inches) Lengths (ft) Length (m)

2" x 2" 6 1.83

2" x 3" 8 2.44

10 3.05

12 3.666

14 4.27

16 4.88

18 5.49

20 6.10

22 6.71

24 7.32

Table 2: Commercial Sizes for Lumber or Wood Frame

Size of Wood Frame/Lumber 1/4" Thickness 1/2" Thickness

2" x 2" 29.67 board foot 20.33 board foot

2" x 3" 44.50 board foot 30.50 board foot

Table 3: Multiplier for Wood Frames or Lumber

Problem 1: Continuous Rib Type Form for Square Columns
A storage warehouse consists of eight concrete posts of dimensions
0.20 m x 0.20 m x 3.00 m. If you are to create a continuous rib type
formwork for this warehouse, how much will you need for the following
materials:
a. 1/4" x 4' x 8' Phenolic Plywood
b. 2" x 2" x 20' Wood Frame
Problem 2: Continuous Rib Type Form for Rectangular Columns
Ten concrete posts' dimensions is 0.40 x 0.50 x 6.00 m. Estimate the
required amount of the following materials:
a.1/4" x 4' x 8' Phenolic Plywood
b. 2" x 3" Wood Frame
Formworks for Circular Columns

Size of Black Metal Number of Black Metal Length of 15 cm. Length of 20 cm. Spacing Length of Circular Ties
Sheets Sheets Per Square Meter Spacing Vertical Ribs (m) Vertical Ribs (m) (m)

0.90 m. x 2.40 m. 0.462 25 18 9.52

1.20 m. x 2.40 m. 0.347 25 18 9.52

Formworks for Circular Columns

Estimating procedure:
1. Find the circumference of the circle where C = 3.1416 x diameter
2. Multiply the circumference by the column height.
3. Divide the result found in step 2 by 2.16, the effective covering area
of one G.I. sheet.
4. Where extra cuts could not be avoided, an allowance of 5 to 10% for
waste is satisfactory.
5. Solve for the number of supporter or ribs, divide the circumference by
.10 if the spacing is 4” or by .15 if the spacing is 6”.
6. Provide 2 pieces circumferential supporter for every joint of the unit
form which is equivalent to 90 com. the width of one G.I. sheet.
Problem 3: Metal Black Sheets for Circular Columns
A two-story office building has ten circular concrete columns with a
diameter of 50 centimeters and height of 6.00 meters. Determine the
required number of 0.90 m. x 2.40 m. metal black sheets, 20 cm. vertical
supports, and circumferential ties for the circular columns.
Formworks for Beams and Girders

Just like in square columns, formworks for beams and girders use
plywood as well. But you still have the option to use metal sheets. There
is a slight difference in the formula for the solving the formworks of
beams. Since beams are horizontal structural elements, only three faces
of the beam use plywood forms. These faces are the side faces and the
bottom face. Covering of top faces are not allowed since it will serve as
the passage of concrete.
Problem 4: Formworks for Concrete Beams
A residential house has eight concrete beams having dimensions of 0.
30 m x 0.40 m. x 3.00 m. Estimate the following materials needed:
a. 1/4" x 4' x 8' Phenolic Plywood
b. 2" x 2" Wood Frame
Quantity of Lumber for Scaffolding and Staging
LUMBER SIZE COLUMN BEAM FLOORING
BD. FT. PER METERE HT. BD. FT./M. LGTH. BD. FT./SQ. M.

Vertical Hor. Brace Vert. Hor.

Support

2” x 2” 4.67 21.00 11.67 4.00 4.67 6.10

2” x 3” 7.00 31.67 17.50 6.00 7.00 9.10
2” x 4” 9.33 42.22 23.33 8.00 9.33 12.10
Scaffolding estimating procedure:

Measure the total length of the area that will need scaffolding.

Measure the maximum height that the scaffolding will need to reach.

Choose a scaffolding size. Most scaffolding is rented or sold in

collapsible rectangular pieces that come in varying sizes and shapes.

The type of scaffolding will depend on the project requirements and

limitations.

Divide the total length measurement by the length of a single

scaffolding section. This will determine the total number of columns of
scaffolding the project will require.
Divide the total height measurement by the height of a single
scaffolding section. This will determine the total number of
rows of scaffolding the project will require.

Multiply the number of rows by the number of columns to find

the total number of scaffold sections necessary for the
project.

Multiply the number of scaffold sections by the price per day

to find the total price per day of the scaffolding rental. If the
project has an expected duration, multiply the number of
days by the total price per day for a rough estimate of the
total scaffolding cost.
Problem 5. Staging

A reinforced concrete building has 9 columns with a clear

height of 4.00 meters. Determine the required staging under
the following specifications:
Vertical support use 2” x 3” lumber
Horizontal support use 2” x 2” lumber
Diagonal braces use 2” x 2” lumber