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    Discrete Event Simulation: Hilya Arini, Ph.D. Hilya - Mudrika@ugm - Ac.id

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    julinarum
    This document outlines discrete event simulation and provides an example of how it could be used. It introduces discrete event simulation and describes the key characteristics of problems that are suitable for this approach. These include being process oriented, modeling the flow of entities through a system, and modeling changes that occur at discrete time instances. The document then walks through the steps of developing a discrete event simulation, from conceptual modeling to computational modeling to analysis. It provides an example of simulating an airline telephone reservation system to determine the optimal number of reservationists. Key entities in this example include customers and reservationists, and events include calls arriving, services beginning and ending, and customers waiting in line.

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    Discrete Event Simulation: Hilya Arini, Ph.D. Hilya - Mudrika@ugm - Ac.id

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    julinarum
    18 views14 pages
    This document outlines discrete event simulation and provides an example of how it could be used. It introduces discrete event simulation and describes the key characteristics of problems that are suitable for this approach. These include being process oriented, modeling the flow of entities through a system, and modeling changes that occur at discrete time instances. The document then walks through the steps of developing a discrete event simulation, from conceptual modeling to computational modeling to analysis. It provides an example of simulating an airline telephone reservation system to determine the optimal number of reservationists. Key entities in this example include customers and reservationists, and events include calls arriving, services beginning and ending, and customers waiting in line.

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    04 DES (2).pptx

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    This document outlines discrete event simulation and provides an example of how it could be used. It introduces discrete event simulation and describes the key characteristics of problems that are suitable for this approach. These include being process oriented, modeling the flow of entities through a system, and modeling changes that occur at discrete time instances. The document then walks through the steps of developing a discrete event simulation, from conceptual modeling to computational modeling to analysis. It provides an example of simulating an airline telephone reservation system to determine the optimal number of reservationists. Key entities in this example include customers and reservationists, and events include calls arriving, services beginning and ending, and customers waiting in line.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views14 pages

    Discrete Event Simulation: Hilya Arini, Ph.D. Hilya - Mudrika@ugm - Ac.id

    Uploaded by

    julinarum
    This document outlines discrete event simulation and provides an example of how it could be used. It introduces discrete event simulation and describes the key characteristics of problems that are suitable for this approach. These include being process oriented, modeling the flow of entities through a system, and modeling changes that occur at discrete time instances. The document then walks through the steps of developing a discrete event simulation, from conceptual modeling to computational modeling to analysis. It provides an example of simulating an airline telephone reservation system to determine the optimal number of reservationists. Key entities in this example include customers and reservationists, and events include calls arriving, services beginning and ending, and customers waiting in line.

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    Discrete Event Simulation

    Hilya Arini, Ph.D.


    hilya.mudrika@ugm.ac.id
    Course Outline
    • Introduction to System Modeling
    • System Thinking and Soft System Methodology
    • Conceptual Model in Simulation
    • Discrete Event Simulation
    • System Dynamics
    • Agent-based Modeling
    • Behavioural Operations Research
    Some problems that we face everyday
    Some problems that we face everyday
    Some problems that we face everyday
    Can we simulate those problems using DES?
    The Characteristics of Problems
    DES Model
    1. Process oriented (top-down modelling approach); focus is on modelling the system in detail, not the entities.
    2. Top-down modelling approach
    3. Passive entities, that is something is done to the entities whilst they move through the system; intelligence
    (e.g. Decision making) is modelled as part in the system
    4. Queues are a key element
    5. Flow of entities through a system; macro behaviour is modelled
    6. Input distributions are often based on collect/measured (objective) data
    7. Stochastic: some state variable are random
    8. Dynamic: time evolution is important
    9. Discrete-Event: significant changes occur at discrete time instance

    Siebers et al. (2010)


    How to develop DES?
    1) Determine the goals and objectives
    2) Build a conceptual model
    3) Convert into a specification model
    4) Convert into a computational model
    5) Verify
    6) Validate
    7) Design of Experiment
    8) Analysis and Improvement
    Example of DES: System Description
    • Airline companies often have a telephone reservation system. In order to
    optimize this system we need to do a discrete-event simulation. The goal of this
    model is to simulate the effectiveness of the system with a different number of
    reservationists. The model can be described as follows:
    • The customers can only make a reservation by telephone, so all customers have
    to call on the phone. Customers will not hang up so a customer can wait an
    indefinite amount of time. There is an unlimited amount of costumers that can
    be waiting on the phone at the same time. A new customer will get a 9-seconds
    recorded message in case all the reservation employees are busy. There are M
    reservationists working to answer the customer’s reservation needs. The
    incoming calls follow an exponential distribution and occur at a rate of λ.
    Customers can have two types of requests. First of all a flight reservation that
    requires multiple-destinations with probability p and secondly a single-
    destination flight reservation with probability 1-p. The service time of a
    multiple-destination request follows a log-normal distribution with mean μ and
    standard deviation σ. The service time of a single-destination request follows a
    Weibull distribution with shape k and scale λ. The overall probability distribution
    of service time is a combined density function based on the probability and the
    distribution of the two options.
    Some steps to be followed
    • We start with a real system as described above. Our goal is to
    simulate the performance of the reservation system with a different
    number of reservationists.
    • Secondly we need to design a model of this real-life system. In order
    to do that properly we need to define the entities and their
    attributes with possible values and the events and their sequence.
    • Convert this model into a computational model that can be executed
    on a computer.
    • Analyse the report of the computational model
    Entities and Attributes
    • Customer (Entity):
    • Reservation Type (Attribute):
    • Single-Destination (Value)
    • Multiple-Destination (Value)
    • Status (Attribute):
    • Listening 9-seconds message (Value)
    • Waiting for service (Value)
    • Getting service (Value)
    • Reservationist (Entity):
    • Status (Attribute):
    • Idle (Value)
    • Busy (Value)
    The events for this simulation
    • Call (start) (customer)
    • Hang up (end) (customer or reservationist)
    • Begin service (customer or reservationist)
    • End service (customer or reservationist)
    • Begin 9-seconds recorded message (customer)
    • End 9-seconds recorded message (customer)
    • File in waiting line (customer)
    • Remove customer from waiting line (reservationist)
    • Become busy (reservationist)
    • Become idle (reservationist)
    Group Discussion
    • Discuss in your group:
    1. Explain in a brief about your prior case!
    2. Is it possible if your prior case is simulated using DES? Why or Why not?
    Explain as logic as possible!
    3. a. If so, can you make the DES conceptual model of your case?
    b. If no, please find an alternative case that can be modelled using DES
    where the alternative case is not far from your prior case and make
    conceptual model of it.
    #Define the objective of your simulation, input, entities, attributes, activity,
    output, etc.
    Time to finish task: 40 min
    Send your PPT to my email: hilya.mudrika@ugm.ac.id

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