Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 65 views

    Ground Penetrating Radar: BY Meghana.N

    Uploaded by

    pallavi
    Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a high resolution electromagnetic technique used to investigate subsurface structures like soils, roads, and building materials. It works by emitting electromagnetic pulses into the ground and detecting reflected signals from subsurface objects and structures. The differences in speed of light through different materials allows GPR to image 3D subsurface structures and estimate depths. GPR antennas of varying frequencies are used depending on the desired penetration depth and resolution required for the application.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ground Penetrating Radar: BY Meghana.N

    Uploaded by

    pallavi
    65 views12 pages
    Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a high resolution electromagnetic technique used to investigate subsurface structures like soils, roads, and building materials. It works by emitting electromagnetic pulses into the ground and detecting reflected signals from subsurface objects and structures. The differences in speed of light through different materials allows GPR to image 3D subsurface structures and estimate depths. GPR antennas of varying frequencies are used depending on the desired penetration depth and resolution required for the application.

    Original Description:

    GPR basics and algorithms

    Original Title

    GPR + Algorithms

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a high resolution electromagnetic technique used to investigate subsurface structures like soils, roads, and building materials. It works by emitting electromagnetic pulses into the ground and detecting reflected signals from subsurface objects and structures. The differences in speed of light through different materials allows GPR to image 3D subsurface structures and estimate depths. GPR antennas of varying frequencies are used depending on the desired penetration depth and resolution required for the application.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    65 views12 pages

    Ground Penetrating Radar: BY Meghana.N

    Uploaded by

    pallavi
    Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a high resolution electromagnetic technique used to investigate subsurface structures like soils, roads, and building materials. It works by emitting electromagnetic pulses into the ground and detecting reflected signals from subsurface objects and structures. The differences in speed of light through different materials allows GPR to image 3D subsurface structures and estimate depths. GPR antennas of varying frequencies are used depending on the desired penetration depth and resolution required for the application.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    GROUND

    PENETRATING
    RADAR
    BY
    MEGHANA.N

    This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA


    This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

    WHAT IS GPR?
    • Ground penetrating radar (commonly called GPR) is a high resolution
    electromagnetic technique that is designed primarily to investigate
    the shallow subsurface of the earth, building materials, and roads and
    bridges
    • GPR is a time-dependent geophysical technique
    • can provide a 3-D pseudo image of the subsurface, including the
    fourth dimension of color,
    • can also provide accurate depth estimates for many common
    subsurface objects
    PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
    • Principle: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method
    that consists in emitting short electromagnetic (em) pulses from the
    radio spectrum (UHF and VHF frequencies, tens of MHz up to several
    GHz) and detecting the reflected signals from subsurface structures.
    The pulse (a few tens of nanoseconds long) propagates in a shape of a
    cone. The technique is based on the determination of the difference
    of speed of light in different type of materials. The principles involved
    are similar to reflection seismology, except that electromagnetic
    energy is used instead of acoustic energy, and reflections appear at
    boundaries with different dielectric constants instead of acoustic
    impedances.
    • How Ground Penetrating Radar Works.
    • Ground Penetrating Radar utilises an antenna (comprising a transmitter
    and receiver a small fixed distance apart) to send electromagnetic waves
    into the subsurface. The antenna is moved over the surface of the medium
    to be inspected. The transmitter sends a diverging beam of energy pulses
    into the subsurface and the receiver collects the energy reflected from
    interfaces between materials of differing electrical properties. The
    reflected energy is recorded as a “pattern” on radargrams which are
    displayed in real time. The radargrams constitute the raw Ground
    Penetrating Radar data. They are displayed in real time on the control unit
    and basic interpretation can be conducted on site. Usually however, the
    radargrams are processed and analysed off-site using specialist software.
    • GPR Antennas
    • Depending on the application, antennas with different central
    frequencies are used to suit conditions and survey requirements. In
    general, low frequency systems are more penetrating but data
    resolution is lower; high frequency systems have limited penetration
    but offer a much higher resolution. By scanning the same area using
    two or more different frequencies, the information collected in the
    GPR data can be maximised.
    Maximum Penetration Examples of Potential
    Antennae Frequency
    Depth Use

    Rebar mapping and


    1500 MHz 0.5 m
    concrete evaluation.

    Pipe and void detection


    900 MHz 1m or assessing concrete
    thickness.

    Utility surveys,
    pavement evaluation,
    400 MHz 4m storage tank detection
    and assessing structural
    integrity.

    Utility surveys, geology


    270 MHz 6m
    and archaeology.
    • The above table shows the maximum penetration that the different
    antenna frequencies are capable of achieving. In practice the limiting
    factor is is generally dictated by ground conditions. GPR works best in
    sandy soil. It does not work well in heavy clay soils where depth
    penetration is severely compromised.
    MILITARY APPLICATIONS
    FOR COMMUNICATION &
    SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS RADAR SYSTEMS

    You might also like