Hysplit: Radionuclide Applications

Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 51

HYSPLIT

Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian


Integrated Trajectory Model

Radionuclide Applications
Roland Draxler
NOAA Air Resources Laboratory
HYSPLIT Overview
 HYSPLIT is not just a transport and dispersion model but a
complete system for computing trajectories, dispersion, and
deposition
 Can be applied to different air quality problems
 Specific applications depend upon configuration of input
files and the use of pre- and post-processing executables
 Executable library contains over 100 applications
 This presentation is a highly technical focus on configuring
the model for radiological applications
 This presentation was developed as a reference document

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 2


HYSPLIT
• Computational particle is a
surrogate for a radionuclide
gas or particle
• A single computational
particle may represent one
or more radionuclides
• A particle follows the mean
motion of the spatially and
temporally varying wind field
• Random velocities are added
to the mean motion to
represent turbulence
• All subsequent examples will
focus on the period of 14-16
March 2011 during the
Fukushima accident

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 3


133Xe Example

• Radionuclide mass is
assigned to each particle
• Mass is decayed after it is
released
• A user defined three-
dimensional grid covers
the domain
• Particle masses are
summed in each grid cell
• The mass sum is divided
by the grid cell volume to
obtain air concentration

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 4


Meteorology
 HYSPLIT requires data in a special
direct-access fixed record format
 NCEP operationally produces forecast
files and they are available for FTP
 Top left shows the highest resolution
routinely available (4 km) at every 20th
grid point
 Bottom, zoomed over the Washington
DC area showing every grid point
 Forecast and archive data for the
CONUS and globally are available:
 ftp://arlftp.arlhq.noaa.gov/pub/
 All the Fukushima examples use
results from our own 4-km WRF-ARW
simulation

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 5


HYSPLIT Availability
 Platforms
 Windows
 MAC OS
 LINUX
 Web
 Interface
 Tcl/Tk
 Command line
 http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.
php
 restricted user access for nuclear
configuration options

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 6


HYSPLIT
Assumptions
• Minimum model integration
time step = 1 minute
• Then minimum resolution:
5 m/s * 60 s = 300 m
• Standard simulation decay
starts at the time of emission
• Different radioactive decay
scenarios must be treated in
the post-processing step
• In the following Fukushima
examples the emission were
decay corrected to the
reactor shutdown time:
0600 UTC 11 March
• Daughter products are not
handled directly

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 7


Simple Computational Framework
input model output post-processing

control

namelist
meteorology HYSPLIT CONCPLOT
binary air
concentration
and deposition
CON2STN
TIMEPLOT
C2DATEM
All the following examples
have been configured for
demonstration purposes
and computational speed!

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 8


The CONTROL file
11 03 14 09
2
37.4206 141.0329 1.0 Average emissions in
37.4206 141.0329 100.0
51
layer 1-100 m AGL
0
10000.0
1
/meteorology/wrf_arl/
W03_201103.bin
1
CPAR
5.887E+13 Average emission rate Cs-137 in
51.0 Bq/h for a duration of 51 hours
00 00 00 00 00
1
38.0 140.0
0.05 0.05
20.0 30.0
./
fdnpp.bin Binary output file
2
0 100
00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00
00 03 00
1
1.0 1.0 1.0
0.001 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dry and wet deposition
0.0 8.0E-05 8.0E-05
11025.8 Decay (days)
0.0
8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 9
The namelist file: SETUP.CFG
&SETUP
delt = 5.0, Time step = 5 minutes
khmax = 24, Delete particles after 24 h
numpar = -2500, Release 2500 particles / h
/

The minimum concentration for one time-step without deposition:


5.887E+13 Bq/h / 2500 p/h = 2.355E+10 Bq/p
2.355E+10 Bq / 5000 m / 5000 m / 100 m = 9.42 Bq/m3

Now just run HYSPLIT: ..\exec\hycs_std

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 10


Post-Processing
C2DATEM
-ifdnpp.bin input = HYSPLIT output file
-oTokai.txt output = text file at Tokai-Mura
-mJAEA_C137.txt match model to measured data
-c1000.0 convert Bq to mBq
-z2 use level=2 of input file

TIMEPLOT
-iTokai.txt model predictions input text file
-sJAEA_C137.txt measured data file

CONAVGPD -ifdnpp.bin -odeposit.bin binary output file deposit.bin


-a11031409 -b11031612 between period 14-16 March
-m0.001 convert Bq to kBq
-r1 sum values=1 rather than average=0

CONCPLOT -ideposit.bin plot binary deposition file


-h37.0:140.0 -g0:500 force map 500 km radius centered
-ukBq force units label
-c4 -v1000+300+100+30+10 force contours

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 11


HYSPLIT predictions at Tokai-mura
DATEM formatted output from program c2datem
fdnpp.bin
year mn dy shr dur Lat Lon mBq/m3 id
2011 3 14 0900 0900 36.4356 140.6025 4333.6489 14
2011 3 14 1800 0300 36.4356 140.6025 67054.73 14
2011 3 14 2100 0300 36.4356 140.6025 205302.77 14
2011 3 15 0000 0600 36.4356 140.6025 11450.92 15
2011 3 15 0600 0600 36.4356 140.6025 662.9220 15
2011 3 15 1200 0600 36.4356 140.6025 220.9356 15
2011 3 15 1800 0600 36.4356 140.6025 23165.15 15
2011 3 16 0000 1200 36.4356 140.6025 3305.2449 16

The measured data file JAEA_C137.txt looks


just like the file contents shown above except
the concentration values are measured rather
than model predictions.

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 12


Simulation Results using Constant Emission rate

Model

Measured

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 13


Simulation using Time-Varying Emissions

 Define emissions file with namelist


variable: efile = 'EMITIMES'
 Turn off emissions in the control file:

1 1
CPAR CPAR
5.887E+13 0.0
51.0 0.0

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 14


Extract from the EMITIMES file for time-varying emissions

YYYY MM DD HH DURATION(hhhh) #RECORDS


YYYY MM DD HH MM DURATION(hhmm) LAT LON HGT(m) RATE(/h) AREA(m2) HEAT(w)
2011 03 14 09 0003 2
2011 03 14 09 00 0300 37.4206 141.0329 1.0 1.86E+12 0.0 0.0
2011 03 14 09 00 0300 37.4206 141.0329 100.0 1.86E+12 0.0 0.0
2011 03 14 12 0003 2
2011 03 14 12 00 0300 37.4206 141.0329 1.0 2.86E+13 0.0 0.0
2011 03 14 12 00 0300 37.4206 141.0329 100.0 2.86E+13 0.0 0.0
2011 03 14 15 0003 2
2011 03 14 15 00 0300 37.4206 141.0329 1.0 9.00E+13 0.0 0.0
2011 03 14 15 00 0300 37.4206 141.0329 100.0 9.00E+13 0.0 0.0
2011 03 14 18 0003 2
2011 03 14 18 00 0300 37.4206 141.0329 1.0 4.15E+13 0.0 0.0
2011 03 14 18 00 0300 37.4206 141.0329 100.0 4.15E+13 0.0 0.0
2011 03 14 21 0003 2
2011 03 14 21 00 0300 37.4206 141.0329 1.0 9.54E+13 0.0 0.0
2011 03 14 21 00 0300 37.4206 141.0329 100.0 9.54E+13 0.0 0.0
+ 12 more time periods!

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 15


Simulation Results using a Variable Emission Rate

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 16


Converting Concentration to Dose
 For Cs-137 (published multiple sources):
 3.34080E-11 (rem/h) / (Bq/m3) for air concentration
 1.07640E-12 (rem/h) / (Bq/m2) for deposition
 CONCPLOT command line add:
 -x3.34E-05 to convert air concentration to -rem/h
 -y1.08E-06 to convert deposition to -rem/h
 -r2 to time-accumulate deposition
 Cloud shine dose not accumulate like ground shine in this
simple approach (using CONCPLOT)

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 17


Dose rates at +12 h and +48 h
Cloud-Shine
Ground-Shine

2100Z March 14 1200Z March 16

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 18


CON2DOSE: Legacy Dose Conversion
 HYSPLIT simulation for a single species; includes emissions and decay
 Species ID must match entry in con2dose.dat table
 Binary file output with nine different doses:
 immersion, inhalation, bone, lung, thyroid, acute, long-term, effective, total
 Table conversion units in m-rem/h per Ci/m3
(mrem/hr)
--------Inhalation (-------) ------- Air Depos. Depos. Depos.
(uCi/m**3) Submersion Ext. Exp. Ext. 4-day dose
Acute Acute CDE Ext. EDE Rate EDE Non-arid/Resusp
Nuclide CEDE Bone Lung Thyroid (mrem/hr)/ (mR/hr)/ (mrem/hr)/ (mrem)/
Name 50-year 30-day 30-day 50-year (uCi/m**3) (uCi/m**2) (uCi/m**2) (uCi/m**2)
ALL VALUES FROM FRMAC (1995)
------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
C134 1 5.55E+01 1.02E+01 1.24E+01 -1.00E+00 1.0E+00 2.0E-02 1.4E-02 1.4E+00
C136 1 8.79E+00 6.66E+00 8.88E+00 -1.00E+00 1.4E+00 2.7E-02 1.9E-02 1.7E+00
C137 1 3.83E+01 6.22E+00 9.77E+00 -1.00E+00 3.8E-01 7.6E-03 5.5E-03 5.5E-01
I131 1 3.95E+01 2.40E-01 2.89E+00 1.30E+03 2.4E-01 4.9E-03 3.5E-03 3.0E-01
I132 1 4.57E+00 6.22E-02 1.20E+00 7.73E+00 1.5E+00 2.9E-02 2.1E-02 6.8E-02
I133 1 7.02E+00 1.20E-01 3.64E+00 2.16E+02 3.9E-01 7.8E-03 5.6E-03 1.6E-01
I134 1 1.58E-01 2.71E-02 6.22E-01 1.28E+00 1.7E+00 3.3E-02 2.4E-02 3.0E-02
I135 1 1.47E+00 9.77E-02 1.95E+00 3.76E+01 1.1E+00 2.0E-02 1.4E-02 1.4E-01
X133 0 1.92E-03 1.92E-03 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 2.1E-02 6.0E-04 4.3E-04 3.3E-02
Kr85 0 7.32E-04 7.32E-04 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 1.6E-03 3.4E-05 2.5E-05 2.5E-03

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 19


HYSPLIT Simple Configuration Summary
 Emissions must be decay corrected to the time of release
 Multiple species can be tracked in the same simulation
 Decay is applied only during the calculation phase
 Once written to the output file it no longer decays
 Dose conversion factors can be applied to the output
 For total dose, concentration and deposition can be added
 The longer the half-life the lesser the concern about decay

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 20


Transfer Coefficient Matrix (TCM) Configuration
 Each emission time is treated as an independent simulation
 Manually configured (no limits)
 Automatically configured (one species)
 A unit source emission rate is required
 Time-varying emissions are treated in the post-processing
 Dose can be computed from multiple radiological species
 Source terms can be computed from measurement data
 This approach permits air concentrations to be
recalculated without rerunning the dispersion
model as new emission estimates are developed

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 21


Multi-File TCM Computational Framework
input model output post-processing
control
namelist HYSPLIT binary CONDECAY
meteorology CONMERGE

TG_{MMDDHH}

• CONDECAY applies time varying source and decay to


unit-source dispersion model calculations
• CONMERGE combines all the emission time simulation
files into a single output file

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 22


The First Two and the Last CONTROL File
11 03 14 09 11 03 14 12 11 03 16 09
2 2 2
37.4206 141.0329 1.0 37.4206 141.0329 1.0 37.4206 141.0329 1.0
37.4206 141.0329 100.0 37.4206 141.0329 100.0 37.4206 141.0329 100.0
51 48 3
0 0 0
10000.0 10000.0 10000.0
1 1 1
/meteorology/wrf_arl/ /meteorology/wrf_arl/ /meteorology/wrf_arl/
W03_201103.bin W03_201103.bin W03_201103.bin
1 1 1
CPAR CPAR CPAR
1.0 1.0 1.0
3.0 3.0 3.0
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
1 1 1
38.0 140.0 38.0 140.0 38.0 140.0
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
20.0 30.0 20.0 30.0 20.0 30.0
./ ./ ./
TG_031409 TG_031412 TG_031609

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 23


CONDECAY processing
HYSPLIT output CONDECAY output

TG_031409 CONDECAY DG_031409


TG_031412 -3:1:11025.8:C137 DG_031412
TG_031415 +ecfactors DG_031415
TG_mmddhh +t031106 DG_mmddhh

• The emission rate in column 3 (Cs-137) of cfactors.txt is multiplied by


species #1 in each TG file
• cfactors.txt should contain an emission rate corresponding with each
start time of the TG files
• Decay is set to 11025.8 days and is started at 6Z of March 3rd
• Deposition and air concentration are decayed by default

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 24


The CFACTORS.TXT emissions file
YYYY MM DD HH I131g I131p C137p
2011 3 14 9 1.23E+13 1.23E+13 1.86E+12
2011 3 14 12 1.81E+14 1.81E+14 2.86E+13 • Selecting the column
2011 3 14 15 4.13E+14 4.13E+14 9.00E+13 in CONDECAY
2011 3 14 18 2.73E+14 2.73E+14 4.15E+13 determines which
2011 3 14 21 6.58E+14 6.58E+14 9.54E+13 species is represented
2011 3 15 0 5.05E+14 5.05E+14 7.29E+13
by the HYSPLIT
2011 3 15 3 7.03E+13 7.03E+13 1.00E+13
2011 3 15 6 1.12E+14 1.12E+14 1.58E+13
dispersion calculation
2011 3 15 9 3.49E+15 2.67E+15 1.35E+14
2011 3 15 12 6.59E+15 2.82E+15 9.28E+13 • Multiple species can
2011 3 15 15 5.74E+14 2.46E+14 8.00E+12 be assigned to the
2011 3 15 18 1.08E+14 4.61E+13 1.49E+12 same dispersion
2011 3 15 21 7.80E+13 7.80E+13 1.04E+13 calculation
2011 3 16 0 1.09E+15 1.09E+15 1.44E+14
2011 3 16 3 5.58E+14 5.58E+14 7.27E+13
2011 3 16 6 7.18E+14 7.18E+14 9.06E+13
2011 3 16 9 7.18E+14 7.18E+14 9.06E+13

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 25


CONMERGE to create a single file
conmerge -imergelist.txt -ofdnpp.bin

Samples -> 1409 1412 1415 1418 1421 1500


DG_031409 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx

DG_031412 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx

DG_031415 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx

DG_031418 xxxx xxxx xxxx

DG_031421 xxxx xxxx

DG_031500 xxxx

mergelist
fdnpp.bin xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 26


Simulation Results using the manual TCM Approach

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 27


Single-File TCM Computational Framework
input model output post-processing
control
namelist HYSPLIT single TCMSUM
meteorology binary
output file
with each
release
time in its
own array

The current code configuration limits each simulation to a


single pollutant species

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 28


CONTROL SETUP.CFG
11 03 14 09 &SETUP
HYSPLIT input
2 delt = 5.0,
37.4206 141.0329 1.0 initd = 0,
37.4206 141.0329 100.0 khmax = 24,
51 numpar = -2500, A new emission cycle is
0 maxpar = 300000, started every 3 hours
10000.0 efile = '',
1 krand = 1,
/meteorology/wrf_arl/ vscales = 5.0,
W03_201103.bin vscaleu = 200.0,
1 kmix0 = 150,
CPAR rhb = 100, A concentration array
1.0 rht = 80,
3.0
element is created for
00 00 00 00 00
qcycle = 3, each emission cycle; the
1 ichem = 10, element replaces the
38.0 140.0 / species index
0.05 0.05
20.0 30.0 An emission cycle consists
./ of a release of one unit per
fdnpp_tcms.bin
hour for a duration of 3 h

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 29


TCMSUM processing
HYSPLIT output TCMSUM TCMSUM output
-ifdnpp_tcms.bin fdnpp.bin
fdnpp_tcms.bin -ofdnpp
-t031106
-h11025.8 select column 3 of
decay start time -c3 the emissions file
-scfactors.txt
half-life days -pC137 emissions file

4-character pollutant
ID label in output file

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 30


Simulation Results using automated TCM Approach

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 31


Using a Multi-File TCM to Estimate the Emission Rate
input model output post-processing

control
namelist HYSPLIT binary C2ARRAY
meteorology TCSOLVE

TG_{MMDDHH}

• C2ARRAY post-processing not yet available for


single file TCMs
• TCSOLVE uses singular value decomposition
to solve the coefficient matrix

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 32


C2ARRAY processing
converts multiple TCM files into a single coefficient matrix (CM)
for the sampling locations defined in JAEA_C137.txt

C2ARRAY list of unit source input files (TG_*)


-imergelist.txt
-oc2array.csv
-mJAEA_C137.txt comma delimited CM output file
-z2
DATEM formatted measured data at Tokai-mura

Process level 2 (air concentration) of the input files

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 33


C2ARRAY.CSV
40616.38 40616.5 40616.63 40616.75 40616.88 40617 40617.13 40617.25 40617.38 40617.5 40617.63 40617.75 40617.88 40618 40618.13 40618.25 40618.38 40618.5

1.30E-12 9.79E-14 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.03E+04

1.67E-13 5.85E-13 5.41E-13 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+04

2.06E-13 6.65E-13 1.50E-12 1.47E-12 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.87E+05

0.00E+00 5.27E-15 2.65E-15 1.06E-13 6.08E-14 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.83E+03

4.72E-15 1.03E-14 0.00E+00 1.33E-14 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.05E+02

0.00E+00 6.54E-15 0.00E+00 2.62E-15 1.39E-15 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.35E-17 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.55E+02

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5.80E-14 1.39E-13 3.29E-13 1.64E-13 4.00E-15 5.43E-15 2.25E-14 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5.81E+03

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.51E-14 5.88E-14 3.52E-14 2.95E-15 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.36E+02

• Blue column headings time in days from the year 1900


• Red column gives measurement data vector (mBq/m3)
• Each row gives TCM values for each release (column)
time contributing to that measurement (non-zero=yellow)

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 34


TCSOLVE solution to the coefficient matrix
• Dij Si = Rj
• concentration at receptor R is the linear sum of all the contributing
sources S times the dilution factor D between S and R
• Si = (Dij)-1 Rj
• the linear relationship between sources and receptors can be
expressed by the inverse of the coefficient matrix

TCSOLVE
-ic2array.csv input CM array (D = Bq/m3)
-u0.001 convert R from mBq to Bq
-otcsolve.txt source term solution in Bq

Alternate Approach:
• Edit the CM file into a square matrix
• Use EXCEL functions MINVERSE() and MMULT()

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 35


TCSOLVE.TXT
Date, Result,
40616.375, 1.228E+13,
40616.500, -5.789E+13,
40616.625, 7.914E+13,
40616.750, 7.092E+13,
40616.875, -5.909E+13,
40617.000, -8.441E+14,
40617.125, -6.363E+13,
40617.250, 4.623E+14,
40617.375, 1.867E+14,
40617.500, 1.448E+16,
40617.625, -3.417E+14,
40617.750, 0.000E+00,
40617.875, 0.000E+00,
40618.000, 0.000E+00,
40618.125, 0.000E+00,
40618.250, 0.000E+00,
40618.375, 0.000E+00,

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 36


HYSPLIT Transfer Coefficient Matrix Summary
 Emissions must be decay corrected to the same time
 One simulation per emission time period
 Time-varying emissions are applied during post-processing
 Decay is applied during the post-processing phase
 For both air concentration and deposition
 Post-processing permits a single computational species to
represent multiple radionuclides
 Depositing particles
 Depositing gases
 Noble gases without deposition
 Gravitational settling

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 37


Dose Calculations Combining Multiple Radionuclides
 Simple approach: single time period constant unit dispersion and
multiple species emissions combined to compute total dose
 Computational footnote: a nuclear detonation
 Complex approach: multiple time period constant unit dispersion
files and time-varying multiple species emissions combined to
compute total dose

All the following examples show dose rate but a simple


command line flag converts output to accumulated dose

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 38


Dose Calculations using Constant Unit Emission
2 Mass Nucl T1/2 Emission Cloudshine Groundshine Inhalation

activity.txt file
RNUC Hr= 0.00 sec Bq rem/h Bq/m3 rem/h Bq/m2 rem/Bq
1.0 95 Nb 3.02000E+06 1.62000E+13 1.26000E-08 2.62000E-10 2.38000E-06
51.0 110 Ag 2.18000E+07 6.48000E+12 4.57000E-08 9.29000E-10 2.38000E-06
00 00 00 00 00 132 Te 2.82000E+05 1.62000E+16 3.36000E-09 7.63000E-11 7.38000E-07
NGAS 131 I 6.94656E+05 8.10000E+15 6.08400E-09 1.31040E-10 7.38000E-07
1.0 133 I 7.49000E+04 8.10000E+15 9.94000E-09 2.22000E-10 7.38000E-07
51.0 133 Xe 4.52995E+05 3.66000E+17 5.00400E-10 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
00 00 00 00 00 134 Cs 6.50000E+07 8.10000E+14 2.54000E-08 5.33000E-10 4.63000E-07
1 137 Cs 9.52093E+08 8.10000E+14 3.34080E-11 1.07640E-12 4.63000E-07
CONTROL file

38.0 140.0 140 Ba 1.10160E+06 4.05000E+13 2.90520E-09 6.84000E-11 1.03000E-07


0.05 0.05 140 La 1.44979E+05 4.05000E+13 3.99600E-08 7.77600E-10 1.07000E-07
20.0 30.0
./
fdnpp_unit.bin
2
0 100 HYSPLIT CON2REM: unit dispersion to dose
00 00 00 00 00 -ifdnpp_unit.bin -ofdnpp_dose.bin
00 00 00 00 00
00 03 00
2
1.0 1.0 1.0
0.001 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
NGAS= 133Xe + 85Kr + …
0.0 8.0E-05 8.0E-05 RNUC= 95Nb + 110Ag + …
0.0
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 CONCSUM: ground and cloud-shine
0.0 -ifdnpp_dose.bin -ofdnpp_sums.bin -L -pDOSE
0.0

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 39


Dose Rates at Tokai-Mura
using the maximum rate for each of 10 radionculides

Cloud Ground

mBq/m3
mBq/m3

R/h
R/h

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 40


Dose Rates at Tokai-Mura
using the maximum rate for each of 10 radionculides

mBq/m3 Total

R/h using conavgpd

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 41


ACTIVITY.TXT file at the initial time of fission
Mass Nucl T1/2 U235H U235T Pu239H Pu239T Cloudshine Groundshine
Hr= 0.00 sec Bq Bq Bq Bq rem/h Bq/m3 rem/h Bq/m2
66 Ni 1.96560E+05 1.32028E+12 3.30528E+08 2.82852E+11 1.00396E+09 3.81600E-12 1.01880E-14
66 Cu 3.06000E+02 8.48086E+14 2.12610E+11 1.83457E+14 6.50788E+11 1.76040E-09 7.30800E-11
67 Cu 2.22912E+05 2.44159E+12 1.45929E+09 3.96960E+11 1.81098E+09 1.76400E-09 3.78000E-11
67 Ga 2.81750E+05 5.72476E+04 0.00000E+00 2.11400E+05 0.00000E+00 2.33640E-09 5.07600E-11
68 Ga 4.08360E+03 1.46519E+08 0.00000E+00 4.89867E+08 4.50148E+05 1.54440E-08 3.59640E-10
69 Zn-m 4.95360E+04 8.98617E+10 1.92821E+07 8.67693E+10 1.27516E+09 6.62400E-09 1.43280E-10
69 Zn 3.36000E+03 3.54000E+14 4.21046E+11 9.94955E+13 1.57959E+12 7.16400E-11 7.48800E-12
69 Ge 1.41120E+05 2.96916E+04 0.00000E+00 2.43279E+05 0.00000E+00 1.43640E-08 3.02040E-10
70 Ga 1.26600E+03 2.54811E+11 1.04629E+07 4.37022E+11 5.53039E+09 3.02400E-10 3.05280E-11
71 Zn-m 1.42920E+04 1.64557E+13 2.07430E+10 9.89864E+12 3.93424E+11 2.51640E-08 5.54400E-10
72 Zn 1.67400E+05 3.21357E+13 1.42646E+11 1.14655E+13 6.40561E+11 2.22120E-09 4.82400E-11
72 Ga 5.07600E+04 1.06689E+14 4.70428E+11 3.86993E+13 2.14799E+12 4.71600E-08 8.92800E-10
72 As 9.36000E+04 7.41282E+05 0.00000E+00 7.10476E+06 1.58846E+04 2.97360E-08 6.51600E-10
73 Ga 1.75320E+04 5.80785E+14 5.24249E+12 1.92739E+14 1.34660E+13 5.00400E-09 1.20600E-10
73 As 6.93792E+06 4.98736E+05 0.00000E+00 2.68850E+06 1.85727E+04 5.58000E-11 1.86480E-12
74 As 1.53446E+06 6.22469E+07 9.74810E+03 2.27260E+08 3.96971E+06 1.22400E-08 2.68920E-10
75 Ge 4.96800E+03 4.89724E+15 1.94076E+14 1.85007E+15 2.48489E+14 6.40800E-10 2.59200E-11
75 Se 1.03507E+07 1.04467E+05 0.00000E+00 8.70559E+05 7.88726E+03 6.04800E-09 1.29960E-10
76 As 9.46800E+04 3.05503E+11 1.57034E+09 5.75792E+11 5.26303E+10 7.41600E-09 1.88640E-10

167 Ho 1.11600E+04 1.49374E+13 1.99435E+10 2.16391E+13 1.22729E+12 5.72400E-09 1.26360E-10


167 Tm 7.98336E+05 9.71821E+05 0.00000E+00 6.25306E+07 0.00000E+00 1.94040E-09 4.71600E-11
169 Er 8.12160E+05 8.65410E+10 2.64061E+07 7.05642E+10 1.63096E+09 1.06920E-11 2.43000E-14
169 Yb 2.76653E+06 1.86633E+04 0.00000E+00 1.00971E+06 0.00000E+00 4.06800E-09 1.00080E-10
170 Tm 1.11110E+07 1.11105E+07 0.00000E+00 1.32191E+08 3.67377E+03 1.32120E-10 9.50400E-12
171 Er 2.70720E+04 5.75830E+11 7.82197E+07 1.09175E+12 5.22574E+09 5.90400E-09 1.38600E-10
171 Tm 6.05906E+07 2.61744E+08 0.00000E+00 5.44308E+08 2.33487E+06 6.37200E-12 1.99800E-13
172 Er 1.77120E+05 7.88557E+10 3.90717E+06 7.02070E+10 2.48777E+08 8.24400E-09 1.78560E-10
172 Tm 2.28960E+05 6.49371E+10 3.02646E+06 7.12341E+10 1.94418E+08 8.28000E-09 1.75320E-10
172 Lu 5.78880E+05 4.79436E+04 0.00000E+00 3.23775E+06 0.00000E+00 3.11040E-08 6.33600E-10

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 42


10 05 19 09
6
39.7697 -86.1498 1000.0

CONTROL
39.7697 -86.1498 2000.0
39.7697 -86.1498 3000.0
39.7697 -86.1498 4000.0 CONTROL and EMISSIONS
39.7697 -86.1498 5000.0
39.7697 -86.1498 6000.0
06
for a nuclear detonation
0
10000.0
YYYY MM DD HH DURATION(hhhh) #RECORDS
1

EMITIMES
YYYY MM DD HH MM DURATION(hhmm) LAT LON HGT(m) RATE(/h) AREA(m2) HEAT(w)
C:/hysplit4/working/
2010 05 19 09 9999 18
hysplit.t06z.namf
3 2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 1000.0 0.2 0.0 0.0
P005 2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 1000.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 1000.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 2000.0 0.5 0.0 0.0
00 00 00 00 00
2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 2000.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
P010
0.0 2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 2000.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 3000.0 1.2 0.0 0.0
00 00 00 00 00 2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 3000.0 0.2 0.0 0.0
P015 3 2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 3000.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
0.44 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 4000.0 2.5 0.0 0.0
0.1
00 00 00 00 00 0.0 0.0 0.0 2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 4000.0 0.2 0.0 0.0
0.0
1 0.0
2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 4000.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 5000.0 2.5 0.0 0.0
0.01 0.01 0.23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 5000.0 0.2 0.0 0.0
3.0 3.0 0.0 2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 5000.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
./ 0.0
cdump 1.0 1.0 1.0
2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 6000.0 1.7 0.0 0.0
2 0.15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 6000.0 0.2 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0 100 0.0
2010 05 19 09 00 0006 39.7697 -86.1498 6000.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
00 00 00 00 00 0.0
00 00 00 00 00
00 01 00
8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 43
Fission and Dose References for CON2REM
• The radionculide yield per 100 fissions was taken from: T.R. England
and B.F. Rider, Los Alamos National Laboratory, LA-UR-94-3106;
ENDF-349 (1993) digitally tabulated and available from
http://ie.lbl.gov/fission.html
• Not part of the HYSPLIT distribution, but an activity.txt file can be
created for any time after the time of fission using England and Rider
• Radionuclide inventories were computed using the rate of 1.45E+23
fissions per kT for nuclear detonations.
• For thermal reactions we assume 3000 MW-hours equals 2.58 kT
• The external dose rate for cloud- and ground-shine is computed from
the factors given by Eckerman K.F. and Leggett R.W. (1996)
DCFPAK: Dose coefficient data file package for Sandia National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report ORNL/TM-13347

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 44


Dose from Time-Varying Unit Emission Files

TG_mmddhh  CG_mmddhh  DG_mmddhh  SG_mmddhh  dose.bin


+ + +
cfactors.txt activity.txt mergelist.txt

CONDECAY CON2REM CONCSUM CONMERGE

creates an Converts Adds dose for air


concentration concentration to and ground and
array element dose for each species to obtain
for each species assuming total dose for each
species on no decay and a release time
command line unit emission

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 45


CONDECAY processing
cfactors.txt
CONDECAY YYYY MM DD HH Cs-137 I-131g
-1:1:11025.8:C137 I-131p
Te-132
Cs-134
Ag-110m
I-133
Nb-95
Ba-140
Mo-99
La-140
Tc-99m
-3:1:8.02330:I131 2011
Sn-113
3
Xe-133
14 9 4.30E+12 2.15E+13
-4:1:754.020:C134 2.15E+13
8.60E+13
4.30E+12
3.44E+10
4.30E+13
8.60E+10
2.15E+11
4.30E+12
2.15E+11
4.30E+12
-5:1:0.86958:I133 2011
2.58E+10
3
8.71E+15
14 12 1.10E+14 5.50E+14
-6:1:1.10167:B140 5.50E+14
2.20E+15
1.10E+14
8.80E+11
1.10E+15
2.20E+12
5.50E+12
1.10E+14
5.50E+12
1.10E+14
-7:1:1.44980:L140 2011
6.60E+11
3
1.01E+16
14 15 4.00E+13 2.00E+14
-8:1:3.23000:T132 2.00E+14
8.00E+14
4.00E+13
3.20E+11
4.00E+14
8.00E+11
2.00E+12
4.00E+13
2.00E+12
4.00E+13
-9:1:2.18000:A110 2011
2.40E+11
3
1.11E+16
14 18 1.20E+13 6.00E+13
-10:1:3.0200:NB95 6.00E+13
2.40E+14
1.20E+13
9.60E+10
1.20E+14
2.40E+11
6.00E+11
1.20E+13
6.00E+11
1.20E+13
-14:1:5.2474:X133 2011
7.20E+10
3
2.90E+17
14 21 8.10E+14 4.05E+15
+ecfactors 4.05E+15
1.62E+16
8.10E+14
6.48E+12
8.10E+15
1.62E+13
4.05E+13
8.10E+14
4.05E+13
8.10E+14
+oCG_ 2011
4.86E+12
3
3.66E+17
15 0 1.10E+14 4.84E+14
+t031106 4.84E+14
2.20E+15
1.10E+14
8.80E+11
9.68E+14
2.20E+12
5.50E+12
1.10E+14
5.50E+12
1.10E+14
6.60E+11 1.97E+17
2011 3 15 3 2.70E+14 1.19E+15
1.19E+15 2.70E+14 2.38E+15 1.35E+13 1.35E+13
5.40E+15 2.16E+12 5.40E+12 2.70E+14 2.70E+14
1.62E+12 1.28E+17

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 46


CON2REM and CONCSUM processing

for %%H in (1409 1412 1415 1418 activity.txt: note that all emissions = 1.0
1421 1500 1503 1506 1509 1512 1515 Mass Nucl T1/2 Emissions Cloudshine Groundshine Inhalation
Hr= 0.00 sec Bq rem/h Bq/m3 rem/h Bq/m2 rem/Bq
1518 1521 1600 1603 1606 1609) do ( 0001 NB95 3.02000E+06 1.00000E+00 1.26000E-08 2.62000E-10 2.38000E-06
0002 A110 2.18000E+07 1.00000E+00 4.57000E-08 9.29000E-10 2.38000E-06
0003 T132 2.82000E+05 1.00000E+00 3.36000E-09 7.63000E-11 7.38000E-07
CON2REM 0004 I131 6.94656E+05 1.00000E+00 6.08400E-09 1.31040E-10 7.38000E-07
0005 I133 7.49000E+04 1.00000E+00 9.94000E-09 2.22000E-10 7.38000E-07
-iCG_03%%H 0006 X133 4.52995E+05 1.00000E+00 5.00400E-10 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0007 C134 6.50000E+07 1.00000E+00 2.54000E-08 5.33000E-10 4.63000E-07
-oDG_03%%H 0008 C137 9.52093E+08 1.00000E+00 3.34080E-11 1.07640E-12 4.63000E-07
-s1 match to input 0009 B140 1.10160E+06 1.00000E+00 2.90520E-09 6.84000E-11 1.03000E-07
0010 L140 1.44979E+05 1.00000E+00 3.99600E-08 7.77600E-10 1.07000E-07
-t0 no decay

CONCSUM
-iDG_03%%H • The 4-character radionuclide label in the
-oSG_03%%H -l activity.txt file must match the input
-pDOSE label output
)
species ID in the CG_* input file created
by the command line options of
CONMERGE -imergelist.txt -ofdnpp.bin condecay.

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 47


Final Dose using Time-Varying TCM Approach

mBq/m3

R/h

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 48


Summary
 Current distribution: condecay, con2rem,
conavgpd, concsum, conmerge, c2array, tcsolve
 Source code only: con2dose
 October 2014 distribution:
 tcmsum
 Revised wet deposition (Fukushima optimized)
 Other relevant applications not discussed
 Time-of-arrival products (isochron)
 Peak values (conmaxv)
 Use the web interface to configure local version
 The TCM approach avoids the requirement for a
new simulation for each source term variation

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 49


137Cs Deposition Example Standard and Fine Resolution
The fine grid will always show higher values near the source!
0.05 degree grid 0.005 degree grid

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 50


Through the WEB: https://ready.arl.noaa.gov/hyreg-bin/dispsrc.pl

8/30/2019 Air Resources Laboratory 51

You might also like