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    Definition and Nature of Planning

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    stacey
    Planning is the process of outlining activities to achieve organizational goals. It involves defining future goals and determining how to allocate resources to meet targets. Planning increases efficiency and reduces risks. It is the primary managerial function as it determines the future course of action. Planning is a mental, goal-oriented, forward-looking activity that pervades all managerial levels. It is based on facts and flexible to adjust to changing situations. There are operational, tactical, and strategic types of plans, as well as contingency plans. Forecasting, contingency planning, scenario planning, and benchmarking are techniques used in planning.

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    Definition and Nature of Planning

    Uploaded by

    stacey
    29 views19 pages
    Planning is the process of outlining activities to achieve organizational goals. It involves defining future goals and determining how to allocate resources to meet targets. Planning increases efficiency and reduces risks. It is the primary managerial function as it determines the future course of action. Planning is a mental, goal-oriented, forward-looking activity that pervades all managerial levels. It is based on facts and flexible to adjust to changing situations. There are operational, tactical, and strategic types of plans, as well as contingency plans. Forecasting, contingency planning, scenario planning, and benchmarking are techniques used in planning.

    Original Description:

    Organization and Management. Chapter 3 Planning

    Original Title

    Chapter3. Planning

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    Planning is the process of outlining activities to achieve organizational goals. It involves defining future goals and determining how to allocate resources to meet targets. Planning increases efficiency and reduces risks. It is the primary managerial function as it determines the future course of action. Planning is a mental, goal-oriented, forward-looking activity that pervades all managerial levels. It is based on facts and flexible to adjust to changing situations. There are operational, tactical, and strategic types of plans, as well as contingency plans. Forecasting, contingency planning, scenario planning, and benchmarking are techniques used in planning.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    29 views19 pages

    Definition and Nature of Planning

    Uploaded by

    stacey
    Planning is the process of outlining activities to achieve organizational goals. It involves defining future goals and determining how to allocate resources to meet targets. Planning increases efficiency and reduces risks. It is the primary managerial function as it determines the future course of action. Planning is a mental, goal-oriented, forward-looking activity that pervades all managerial levels. It is based on facts and flexible to adjust to changing situations. There are operational, tactical, and strategic types of plans, as well as contingency plans. Forecasting, contingency planning, scenario planning, and benchmarking are techniques used in planning.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Definition and Nature

    of Planning
    PLANNING

     The process of outlining the


    activities that are necessary to
    achieve the goals of the
    organization.
     Concerned with defining goals for a
    future direction and determining on
    the missions and resources to
    achieve those targets.
    PLANNING

     Planning increases efficiency of


    an organization.

     It also reduces risks.


    PLANNING
     In a business, planning is the
    primary of all managerial as it
    involves deciding of future course of
    action.

     Process of deciding in advance what


    is to be done, where, how and whom
    it is to be done.
    Nature of Planning
    studying its characteristics,
    Planning is:

    A mental activity – intellectual exercise


    and involves thinking forethought on the
    part of the manager

    Is goal oriented – goals to be attained in


    the future and the steps necessary to
    Nature of Planning

    Is forward looking – looking ahead

    Pervades all managerial activity –


    basic function of managers at all levels
    Nature of Planning

    Is the primary function – precedes


    the execution of all other managerial
    functions

    Is based on facts – is a conscious


    determination and projection of a
    course of action for the future
    Nature of Planning

    Is flexible – a dynamic process capable


    of adjustments in accordance with the
    needs and requirements of the
    situations;

    Is essentially decision-making -
    alternatives and selection of the best.
    Types of Plans
    3 major types of
    planning

    Operational –
    frontliners

    Tactical – middle
    levels

    Strategic - toplevels
    4th type is contingency planning –
    alternative course of action which
    can be implemented if, or when an
    original plan fails to produce the
    anticipated result.
    Planning Techniques
    and tools
    Planning Techniques and
    tools
     Forecasting, is the process of predicting
    what will happen in the future.

     Contingency planning, involves


    identifying alternative courses of action
    that can be implemented, if and when an
    original plan proves inadequate because of
    changing circumstances.
    Planning Techniques and
    tools

     Scenario planning, is a long-term


    version of contingency planning that
    involves identifying several
    alternative future scenarios or states
    of affairs that may occur, and then
    making plans to deal with each
    scenario should it actually occur.
    Planning Techniques and
    tools
     Benchmarking is a technique that makes
    use of internal and external comparisons to
    better evaluate current performance and
    identify possible actions to improve the
    future.

     Staff planners, are persons who take


    responsibility for leading and coordinating
    the planning function for the total
    Application of
    Planning tools and
    techniques
    Decision- making
    Decision - making
    Is an integral part of modern
    management. Decisions play important
    roles as they determine both
    organizational and managerial
    activities.

    A decision can be defined as a course of


    action purposely chosen from a set of
    alternatives to achieve organizational or

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