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    Loads On Buildings

    Uploaded by

    Srinivas Voggu
    Loads on Buildings

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Loads On Buildings

    Uploaded by

    Srinivas Voggu
    35 views15 pages
    Loads on Buildings

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    Loads on Buildings

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    Loads on Buildings

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    35 views15 pages

    Loads On Buildings

    Uploaded by

    Srinivas Voggu
    Loads on Buildings

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    LOADS ON BUILDINGS

    Lecturer : Dr. Ali Naji Attiyah


    DESIGN PROCESS
    Design is the determination of the
    general shape and all specific
    dimensions of a particular structure
    so that it will perform the function
    for which it was created.
    So , good design must be safe and
    economic.

    Member
    Loads
    Dimension

    Design
    Process

    Reinforcement
    Strength Ratio
    SCOPE OF THE LECTURE

    • Types of loads.

    • Static and dynamic loads.

    • Dead and live loads.

    • Blast loads.

    • Seismic loads.
    TYPES OF LOADS
    Loads are classified as static and dynamic . Static loads are independent from
    time but dynamic loads are function of time.

    Dead and live


    loads are types of
    static loads.
    Dead loads are
    those have
    unchangeable
    locations in
    structure and their
    values are certain
    and constant .

    Live loads are those


    movable and their
    values are uncertain.
    Dead loads are calculated easily using structure dimensions and material density .
    Live loads are movable and their values are uncertain , so they can not be
    calculated directly and local or international specifications shall be consulted.
    International Building Code IBC 2009 published live load values dependent on
    types of building occupancy.

    80 psf
    100 psf
    50 psf
    Dynamic loads
    The other group of loads is the dynamic loads , and the following are types of such loads:

    Wind load Blast load

    Impact load Seismic load Flood load


    BLAST LOADS
    Blast loads are an increase in atmosphere pressure which make buildings applied to
    uniform pressure . Blast pressures increases with increasing TNT weight and vice versa
    if the explosion distance is increased.
    Example1
    If a building is designed to
    carry 0.5 psi overpressure
    safely, evaluate the required
    stand-off distance for small
    cars.

    Example2
    Can the same building
    withstand an explosion
    of a truck carrying
    10000 pounds of TNT
    at a distance 1500
    foots ?
    SEISMIC LOADS
    Seismic loads on buildings are caused by movement in foundations . The acceleration of this
    movement is very rapid and its value
    is highly increased with height.
    Different types of failure are found in the same earthquake , because of different modes
    of movement.
    Seismic load is applied as horizontal shear at the building base. The shear force is
    proportional to the building weight (W) and calculated from :

    V = Cs . W

    Cs is the seismic response coefficient which is found from :

    Cs = SDS / ( R/I)
    R is the response modification factor , which is dependent on the type of structure and
    can be found from the table below.
    I is the importance factor ,which is dependent on the occupancy category and is taken
    1.25 for building designed for more than 300 person and 1.0 for ordinary building.
    SDS is the design acceleration response , which is function of the earthquake ground motion.
    Countries all over the world have seismic maps and the designer can evaluate SDS directly.

    Unfortunately, for our country there is no such map , so, the value of SDS should be
    estimated for Iraq.
    Estimate a similar
    seismic zone between
    Iraq and USA…
    Choose the proper contour for Najaf and note that the numbers are measured as percentage
    from the ground acceleration (%g).
    Compare the value of the design acceleration response SDS for Najaf with that prepared by
    others.
    Example
    For a reinforced
    concrete ordinary
    building , find the
    horizontal seismic
    shear shall be
    applied at the base
    level. Note that the
    building will be
    constructed at Najaf.
    Ans: 0.062 W
    QUESTIONS ?

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