Logic

LOGIC
Proposition
Objectives:
•1. Illustrate a proposition.
•2. Distinguish between simple
and compound propositions.
Pre-Activity: Determine whether
each of the following statement is
a proposition or is not a
proposition.
Proposition(P) or not
Proposition(NP)?
• 1. Please take your seat. NP
• 2. The best Tupig is served at Sarrat, Ilocos Norte.P
• 3. Have you heard the goodnews? NP
• 4.My Teacher in logic is female. P
• 5. 4+5 =9. P
Proposition(NP)?
• 6. Go Out! NP
• 7. July 17, 1987 was a Tuesday. P
• 8. 1+1>3. P
• 9. What time is it? NP
• 10. May fortune come your way. NP
In the English language, sentences are classified
into four:
• 1. Declarative-sentence makes a statement of fact or expresses a
belief, feeling or intent.
• 2. Imperative-sentence conveys command or states a direction or
request.
• 3. Interrogative-sentence ask a question.
• 4. Exclamatory-sentence expresses a strong emotion and ends with
an exclamatory point.
Proposition
• It is a declarative sentence that is
immediately decidable whether it is
true (denoted by T) or false (denoted by
F) but not both.
THROWBACK 101
• 1. Please take your seat. NP-imperative
• 2. The best Tupig is served at Sarrat, Ilocos Norte.P
• 3. Have you heard the goodnews? NP-interrogative
• 4.My Teacher in logic is female. P-declarative
• 5. 4+5 =9. P-declarative
Proposition(NP)?
• 6. Go Out! NP-exclamatory
• 7. July 17, 1987 was a Tuesday. P-declarative
• 8. 1+1>3. P-declarative
• 9. What time is it? NP-interrogative
• 10. All men are mortal. P-declarative
Proposition are usually denoted by small
letters, such as:
• p: 7 is a prime number.
• q: Sarrat is a City.
• r: A dog is an animal. However, there is a type of sentence
considered to be self-contradictory
statement and cannot be classified
• t: 1+1=2
as either true or false. Therefore
it is not proposition and is called
paradox
Simple vs Compound Propositions
• A dog is an animal. SP
• Not all glitters are gold. CP
• Triangles are scalene, isosceles or equilateral. CP
• If night comes before day, therefore night causes a day. CP
• A quadrilateral is a plane figure bounded by four straight
lines. SP
• Binaratan is the first barangay in Sarrat. SP
• My friend is a speaker and a good writer. CP
• Filipinos observe the longest Christmas season. SP
• Jose Rizal was executed in 1896. SP
• The number 64 is both a perfect square and a perfect
cube. CP
Definition:
• SIMPLE PROPOSITION- conveys a complete thought without
connecting words.
• COMPOUND PROPOSITION- contain two or more simple
propositions joined together using logical connectors or some combination
of logical connectors such as not, or, and, if…then and if and only if.
Statements that make up compound propositions are called primitive
components.
THROWBACK 102:Simple vs Compound
Propositions
• A dog is an animal. SP
• Not all glitters are gold. CP
• Triangles are scalene, isosceles or equilateral. CP
• If night comes before day, therefore night causes a day. CP
• A quadrilateral is a plane figure bounded by four straight
lines. SP
• Binaratan is the first barangay in Sarrat. SP
• My friend is a speaker and a good writer. CP
• Filipinos observe the longest Christmas season. SP
• Jose Rizal was executed in 1896. SP
• The number 64 is both a perfect square and a perfect
cube. CP
Self-Checked: Tell whether the given statements
a proposition (P) or not proposition (NP).
• 1. 2+3 =5. 6. I will go to the party.
• 2. Manila is the capital of the Philippines. 7. May I go out?
• 3. A proposition is not a declarative sentence. 8. The rain will come.
• 4. Lend me your ears. 9. Place your orders here.
• 5. Quiet! 10. I am beautiful/handsome.
Self-Checked: Tell whether the given statements a simple
proposition (SP) or compound proposition (CP).
• 11. 1 is either prime or composite number 16. I will not go to the party.
• 12. Manila is the capital of the Philippines. 17. I can fly.
• 13. A proposition is not a declarative sentence. 18. If it is cloudy,
• 14. My favorite subject is Mathematics. then the rain will
come
• 15. You are good in Sports and Arts. 19. Roses are red.
• 20.Mathematics includes the study of quantity, structure, space and change.

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