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    Grade 7 - Science - Joints

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    Pathmanathan Nadeson
    Grade 7 Science

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    Grade 7 - Science - Joints

    Uploaded by

    Pathmanathan Nadeson
    671 views17 pages
    Grade 7 Science

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Grade 7 Science

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    671 views17 pages

    Grade 7 - Science - Joints

    Uploaded by

    Pathmanathan Nadeson
    Grade 7 Science

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 17
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that the skeletal system includes bones, joints, cartilages and ligaments. Bones provide structure, protection and movement while joints allow movement between bones.

    The two basic types of bone tissue are compact bone and spongy bone.

    Bones are classified as long, short, flat, or irregular based on their shape.

    The Skeletal

    System:
    Structure, Function, and
    Diseases
    of the bones and joints
    Lesson Outcomes
    Point Outcome
    1 To be able to classify bones based on
    shape
    2 To be able to describe what are joints

    3 To be able to identify the two types of


    joints as either being fixed or movable.
    4 To be able to identify the two types of
    movable joints
    5 To be able to describe the structure of a
    moveable joint
    The Skeletal System
     Parts of the skeletal system
     Bones (skeleton)
     Joints
     Cartilages
     Ligaments (bone to bone)(tendon=bone to
    muscle)
    Functions of Bones

     Support of the body


     Protection of soft organs
     Movement due to attached skeletal
    muscles
     Blood cell formation
    Bones of the Human Body
     The skeleton has 206 bones
     Two basic types of bone tissue
     Compact bone
     Homogeneous
     Spongy bone
     Small needle-like
    pieces of bone
    Figure 5.2b

     Many open spaces


    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
    Bones are classified by their
    shape:
    1.Long- bones are longer than
    they are wide (arms, legs)
    2.Short- usually square in shape,
    cube like (wrist, ankle)
    3.Flat- flat , curved (skull,
    Sternum)
    4.Irregular- odd shapes
    (vertebrae, pelvis)
    Classification of Bones on the
    Basis of Shape

    Figure 5.1

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings


    Joints
    • A joint is the place where two bones come
    together.

    • Types:
    – Fixed joints :
    • connect bones,
    • no movement of bones.
    • e.g. bones in the skull and pelvis.
    Joints
    • Types (continued):
    – Freely movable :
    • connects bones
    • Allows bones connected to move
    • Can either be hinge joints or ball – and –
    socket joints.
    Types of Movable Joints
    Hinge- A hinge joint allows extension
    and retraction. (Elbow, Knee)
    Ball and Socket- A ball and socket joint
    allows for movement in almost any
    direction. They are found in the hips and
    shoulders. (Hip, Shoulder)
    Gliding- In a gliding or plane joint bones
    slide past each other. Mid-carpal and mid-
    tarsal joints are gliding joints. (Hands,
    Feet)
    Saddle- This type of joint occurs when the
    touching surfaces of two bones have both
    concave and convex regions with the
    shapes of the two bones complementing
    one other and allowing a wide range of
    movement. (Thumb)
    The Moveable Joint

    The elbow joint


    The Moveable Joint
    • The diagram above shows
    the elbow joint.
    • Friction between bones
    cause discomfort.
    The Moveable Joint
    • Cartilage (a smooth, slippery
    material) covers the the ends of
    the two bones at the joint.
    • Synovial fluid (a thick, slippery
    fluid) fills up the spaces between
    the two bones. The synovial fluid
    helps lubricate the joint.

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