SUKKUR IBA UNIVERSITY

MERIT – QUALITY – EXCELLENCE

Course: Signals and Systems

Dr. Abdul Aziz Memon

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Email: aziz.memon@iba-suk.edu.pk
Timeline for paper presentation and project demonstration
Paper (Timeline) Matlab Based Project (Timeline)
20 pages min: (Either 1/2/3 Journal papers) Better than final year projects
10 sessional marks theory 10 sessional marks lab
Must follow assigned year and IEEE Journal paper Must search on Mathworks website
Paper title check and approved by me Rough idea about project title
14~16 January 2019 14~16 January 2019 (Meet me with project idea)
Presentation 10 pages (1st paper or half paper) Register project title (Get approved then google form)
28 Jan~ 1 Feb 2019 28 Jan~ 1 Feb 2019
(Must get appointment 1 week before) Keep sharing project progress every week (Important)
Presentation 10 pages (2nd paper or rest of half paper) 1st Project demo
4~8 March 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week 4~8 March 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week
before) before)
Presentation 10 pages (3rd paper or Full paper) Final Project demo
8~13 April 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week before) 8~13 April 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week before)
Repeat if required Improve if required

Slide # 2
Convolution contents covered
• Time invariant
• Time shift in input signal, only shifts output signal
• Linear system
• Follows property of superposition
• y3=y1+y2
• Signals in the form of impulses
• Impulse response is denoted by h(t), h[n] 

• Convolution sum y[n]  x[n]* h[n]   x[k ]h[n  k ]  y[n]

k 


• Convolution integral y (t )  x (t )* h(t )   x( )h(t   )d

 Slide # 3
Fourier series contents covered


x(t )  
ae
ak e jkwt
x(t )  k
jkwt
k 
T T 
k 
 x(t )e
 jnwt
dt    ak e jkwt e  jnwt dt
0 0 k 

x(t )  e jwt for k  n

  1

 jkwt
ak 
y (t )   x( )h(t   )d   h( ) x(t   )d
x (t ) e dt
TT
 
a0  mean, average, DC value
 

   
jw( t   ) jw( t   )
y (t )  h ( ) e d  h ( ) e d a1, a1 : with such terms, there is fundamental period
 

y (t )  e jwt  h( ) e jw d  H ( jw) e jwt


H ( jw) is known as frequency response

Slide # 4
Properties of continuous time Fourier series
• 1. Linearity

Ax(t )      Aak

cos( wt )      a1  1/ 2, a1  1/ 2
A cos( wt )      a1  A / 2, a1  A / 2
A cos( wt )  B cos( wt )      a1  ( A  B ) / 2, a1  ( A  B) / 2
Slide # 5
Properties of continuous time Fourier series
• 2. Time shifting

Slide # 6
Properties of continuous time Fourier series
cos( wt )      a1  1/ 2, a1  1/ 2
1 jw( t  to )) 1  jw( t  to ))
cos( w(t  to ))  e  e
2 2
 jkwto  jkwto
e e
cos( w(t  to ))      a1  , a1 
2 2
 jkwto  jkwto
e e
cos( w(t  to ))     | a1 || | 1/ 2,| a1 || | 1/ 2
2 2
Shift in time domain does not change magnitude
of a_k terms, but it adds phase angle. Slide # 7
Properties of continuous time
1
Fourier
1
series
 jwt
• 3. Frequency shift cos( wt )  e jwt
 e      a1  1/ 2, a1  1/ 2
2 2
???      a1 k  3  a2  1/ 2, a1 k  3  a4  1/ 2
1 j 2 wt 1 j 4 wt
e  e      a2  1/ 2, a4  1/ 2
2 2
1  jwt j 3 wt 1 jwt j 3wt
( e e  e e )      a2  1/ 2, a4  1/ 2
2 2
j 3 wt 1  jwt 1 jwt
e ( e  e )      a2  1/ 2, a4  1/ 2
2 2
e j 3 wt cos( wt )      a2  1/ 2, a4  1/ 2

Slide # 8
Properties of continuous time Fourier series
• 4. Time reversal x(t )  bk  a k t  t '
 dt  dt '
x(t )  ak 1
ak   x(t )e  jkwt dt 1
bk   x(t )e  jkw (  t ' )
( dt ' )
x(t )  a k TT '

T T
x(t )  x(t )
1
b b
1 bk   x (t '
) e  j (  k ) wt '
dt '

  
 jkw ( t )
x(t )dt   x(t )dt bk  x(t )e dt T T

a a
T T bk  a k

For even signals, this property does not make any changes to
coefficients.
Slide # 9
Properties of continuous time 1 jwt 1  jwt
x(t )  sin( wt )  e  e
Fourier series 2j 2j
• 4. Time reversal a1 
1
• Example 2j
1
a1  
2j
1  jwt 1  jwt
x(t )  sin(  wt )  e  e
2j 2j
1
a1 
2j
1
a1  
2j Slide # 10
Properties of continuous time Fourier series
• 5. Multiplication
• Both signals should have same time period, or find common
time period of x(t)y(t)
• Multiplication in time domain is convolution of F.S. coefficients
in frequency domain.
x(t )  ak
y (t )  bk

x(t ) y (t )  ab
k 
k nk  ak * bk  ck
Slide # 11
Properties of continuous time Fourier series
• 5. Multiplication
1 j t 1  j t
cos( t )  T1  2sec  cos( t )  e  e      a1  1/ 2, a1  1/ 2
2 2
1 j10 t 1  j10 t
cos(10 t )  T2  0.5sec  cos(10 t )  e  e      b10  1/ 2, b10  1/ 2
2 2
T  2sec
1 j t 1  j t 1 j10 t 1  j10 t
cos( t )cos(10 t )  ( e  e )( e  e )
2 2 2 2
1 j11 t 1  j 9 t 1 j 9 t 1  j11 t
 e  e  e  e
4 4 4 4
1  j11 t 1  j 9 t 1 j 9 t 1 j11 t
 e  e  e  e  c11 , c9 , c9 , c11
4 4 4 4 Slide # 12
Properties of continuous time Fourier series
• 5. Multiplication
a[k ] b[k ]
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
a[k ]* b[k ]  ??
a1 a1 b10 b10

a[k ]* b[k ]  a[ 1]b[ 1  k ]

 0.5  0.5b[11]  0.5  0.5b[9]  0.5  0.5b[9]  0.5  0.5b[11]
 0.5  0.5b[11]  0.5  0.5b[9]  0.5  0.5b[9]  0.5  0.5b[11]
c[k ]  ck
0.25

c11 c9 c9 c11 Slide # 13

Properties of continuous time Fourier series
• 6. Convolution
x(t )  ak ck   x( )e  jwk
bk d
y (t )  bk T

z (t )  x(t ) * y (t )  ck  ??
1
ck  bk  x( )e  jwk
d
ck   ( x(t ) * y (t ))e  jwkt
dt T
TT
1
1
ck   (  x( ) y (t   )d )e  jwkt
dt ck  bkT  x( )e  jwk
d
TT T TT
1
ck   x( )(  y (t   )e  jwkt dt )d ck  Tbk ak
T TT Slide # 14
Properties of continuous time Fourier series
• 7. Conjugation * 1
b   x(t )e  jw (  k ) t
dt
k
TT
x(t )  ak
x * (t )  bk  ?? b  a k
*
k

bk  a *
k
1
bk   x * (t )e  jwkt
dt x * (t )  a* k
TT

• If signal is real then x(t )  x * (t )  ak  a *

k

• If signal is real and even x (t )  x * (t )  x ( t )  a k  a  k  a k

*

• If signal is real and odd x(t )  x * (t )   x(t )  ak  a* k  a k

Slide # 15
Parseval’s theorem 1 

• Total average power in a  | x(t ) | dt   | ak |

2 2

TT k 
periodic signal equals to
sum of magnitude 1
square of all F.S. TT x(t ) x * (t )dt
components
 
1
 (  ak e )(  ak ' e )dt
jwkt * jwk ' t

T T k  k ' 

1

Integration will exist while k=k’ jwkt * jwk ' t
Which will be equal to T ak e a k 'e dt
TT
ak a | ak |
*
k
2
Slide # 16
Trigonometric F.S. formula

Slide # 17