Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 14
Derivative
Today, Calculus is defined as the branch of
mathematics which deals with the continuous changing quantities.
The Derivative and Differential
Differential simply means change, and Derivative is the rate of change of one variable with respect to the other. Different derivatives Symbols Notations on Derivatives: f’(x) Introduced by the French Mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736-1813). This notation emphasizes that the function f’ is derived from the function f and its value at x is f’(x). 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 Used by the German Mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1642-1727). Working Independently, introduced by Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727) almost simultaneously the derivative. Leibniz probably thought of dx and dy as small changes in the variables x and y and of the derivative of y with respect to x as the ratio of dy to dx as dy and dx become small. 𝑑𝑦 is used as a notation for derivative. 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 can be considered as an operator ( asymbol 𝑑𝑥 for the operation of computing the derivative) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 When we write ,it means (y), that is, the 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 derivative of y with respect to x.
Other Operators: Dx d() Theorems on Differentiation of Algebraic Functions 1. The Constant Rule f(x) = c f’(x) = 0 Dx(c) = 0 2. The Power Rule If f(x) = 𝑥 𝑛 , where in is positive f’(x) = n 𝑥 𝑛−1 Dx(𝑥 𝑛 ) = n 𝑥 𝑛−1 3. The Constant Multiple Rule If g(x) = c ∙ f(x) g’(x) = c ∙ f’(x) Dx[c∙f(x)] = c ∙ Dx(f(x)) If f(x) = 𝑥 𝑛 Dx(𝑐𝑥 𝑛 ) = cn 𝑥 𝑛−1 4. The Sum Rule If h(x) = f(x) + g(x) h’(x) = f’(x) + g’(x) Dx[f(x) + g(x)] = Dx[f(x)] + Dx[g(x)] 5. The Product Rule If h(x) = f(x) ∙ g(x) h’(x) = f(x) g’(x) + g(x) f’(x) Dx[f(x) ∙ g(x)] = f(x)Dx[g(x)] + g(x) Dx[f(x)] 6. The Quotient Rule 𝑓 𝑥 If h(x) = 𝑔 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝑓′ 𝑥 −𝑓 𝑥 𝑔′(𝑥) h’(x) = 𝑔 𝑥 2 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 −𝑓 𝑥 𝐷𝑥[𝑔 𝑥 ] Dx = 𝑔 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 2 7. The Power Rule (Negative Integer Power) If f(x) = 𝑥 −𝑛 , where n is negative
f’(x) = -n 𝑥 −𝑛−1 Dx(𝑥 −𝑛 ) = -n 𝑥 −𝑛−1 8. The Power Rule (For Rational Powers) If f(x) = 𝑥 𝑟 , where r is any rational number.
