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    Atif Khan
    This document provides a brief history of Afghanistan from 50,000 BCE to the present day. It summarizes that Afghanistan has long been a crossroads for various civilizations and empires, and faced constant invasions, conflicts and changes in ruling powers and religions. Most recently, the Soviet Union invaded in 1979 which led to a guerilla resistance. The Taliban rose to power in the 1990s and imposed strict rule until being overthrown in 2001 after harboring Al-Qaeda and the 9/11 attacks. The war on terrorism continues today.

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    38 views12 pages
    This document provides a brief history of Afghanistan from 50,000 BCE to the present day. It summarizes that Afghanistan has long been a crossroads for various civilizations and empires, and faced constant invasions, conflicts and changes in ruling powers and religions. Most recently, the Soviet Union invaded in 1979 which led to a guerilla resistance. The Taliban rose to power in the 1990s and imposed strict rule until being overthrown in 2001 after harboring Al-Qaeda and the 9/11 attacks. The war on terrorism continues today.

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    This document provides a brief history of Afghanistan from 50,000 BCE to the present day. It summarizes that Afghanistan has long been a crossroads for various civilizations and empires, and faced constant invasions, conflicts and changes in ruling powers and religions. Most recently, the Soviet Union invaded in 1979 which led to a guerilla resistance. The Taliban rose to power in the 1990s and imposed strict rule until being overthrown in 2001 after harboring Al-Qaeda and the 9/11 attacks. The war on terrorism continues today.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    38 views12 pages

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    Atif Khan
    This document provides a brief history of Afghanistan from 50,000 BCE to the present day. It summarizes that Afghanistan has long been a crossroads for various civilizations and empires, and faced constant invasions, conflicts and changes in ruling powers and religions. Most recently, the Soviet Union invaded in 1979 which led to a guerilla resistance. The Taliban rose to power in the 1990s and imposed strict rule until being overthrown in 2001 after harboring Al-Qaeda and the 9/11 attacks. The war on terrorism continues today.

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    Afghanistan has been an area wrapped in violence,
    religion and turmoil from its earliest days. We hope to to
    provide a brief history of this region from its earliest days
    until the Taliban take power. This presentation is only
    meant to be a brief survey of Afghanistan history.
    50,000 BCE – 1500 BCE
    • Historians have found early human
    settlement.
    • One of the first areas to have
    farming.
    • This area was a crossroad between
    Mesopotamia and other
    civilizations.
    • Aryan tribes invade and settle.
    • The city of Kabul was created in
    this period.
    • Rig Veda created here. It was a
    collection of over 1,000 hymns,
    which contain the mythology of the
    Hindu gods and the origins of
    Hinduism.
    600 BCE – 652 BCE

    • Zoroaster introduces religion of


    Zoroastrianism.
    • Darius of Persia conquers part of
    Afghanistan.
    • Many wars between Persians and
    tribal groups for control.
    Zoroaster
     Alexander the Great invades. Many
    tribal revolts against his empire.
     Various other invasions and tribal
    wars for control of Afghanistan,
    such as, Parthians, Kushans, White
    Huns and Yaftalee.
     Each invader brought new religious
    beliefs to be forced on the
    Afghanistan tribes.

    Alexander
    652 - 1774
    Arabs introduce religion to Afghanistan and Afghanistan became the center of Islamic
    power and civilization.
    Genghis Khan invades Afghanistan, he destroyed the irrigation systems turning the
    fertile soils into permanent deserts.
    Marco Polo crosses Afghanistan on his way to China.
    Various dynasties control Afghanistan with frequent wars for political control.
    Many wars between Afghanistan and Persia as each takes a turn controlling this region.
    Afghans retake Kandahar from the Persians and establish modern Afghanistan, 1774.

    Marco Polo
    1774 - 1921
    Capital of Afghanistan transferred from Kandahar to Kabul because of tribal fighting.
    Constant internal fighting inside Afghanistan.
    First Anglo-Afghan War. The British in India try to control Afghanistan, this war ended
    with the British force of 16,500 wiped out with only one survivor making it alive to a
    British fort in Jalalabad.
    Afghanistan is independent but the British take Baluchistan making Afghanistan a
    landlocked country.
    Second Anglo-Afghan War. The British take some territories from Afghanistan and
    allows them to run their internal affairs but Britain handled Afghan Foreign Affairs.
    Russia takes Afghan territory in the north.
    Third Anglo-Afghan War. Afghanistan wins and gains full control of her Foreign
    Affairs.
    1921 - 1950

    • Many power struggles as tribes try


    to obtain political power.
    • 1929 Muhammad Khan became
    King and tried to reform the
    country but was assassinated.
    • United States formally recognizes
    Afghanistan, 1934.
    • Many tribal leaders tried to unite
    Afghanistan but violence prevailed.
    • Attempts at democracy failed.
    • Britain withdraws from India,
    Pakistan is carved out of Indian and
    Afghan lands.
    1950 - 1979
    Pakistan and Afghanistan come close to war over disputed lands.
    Government instability leads to frequent riots and overthrows.
    Daoud Khan and the Communist Afghan Party seize power and the Republic of
    Afghanistan is born in 1973. Internal problems with this party cause Daoud to be killed.
    Mass arrests, tortures and violence become common place in Afghanistan.
    The Afghan guerrilla group (Mujahideen) formed to fight and resist government that
    was backed by Communist Russia.
    Mass killings and the murder of the U.S. Ambassador. Many human rights violations.

    Mujahideen Freedom Fighters


    1980 - 1994
    Soviet Union invades Afghanistan with thousands of troops to support the
    government in its struggle with the holy warriors called Mujahideen.
    Five million Afghan refugees flee to Pakistan and Iran.
    The Soviets with superior weapons could not defeat the guerrilla tactics of the rebels.
    In 1988 the Soviets began withdrawing its troops from Afghanistan.
    Fighting between the government and the Mujahideen continued until 1992 when the
    rebels overthrew the government.
    Fighting among the factions prevented the formation of a stable government.
    By the late 1990’s a Islamic group known as the Taliban had taken control of most of
    Afghanistan and set up a Council of Ministers to rule the country.
    1994 - 1999
    The Taliban movement was formed in Kandahar in 1994 by Islamic students who take a
    radical approach to interpreting Islam.
    The Taliban captured Kabul in September 1996 from Mujaheedin regime. The
    government of Burhan-ul Din Rabani ousted. The Taliban government in Kabul has been
    recognized only by Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Republic.
    The Taliban regime strongly have been supported by Pakistani military regime.
    Anti-Taliban factions still hold about 15 percent of the country in the northern parts of
    Afghanistan.
    The United Nations and other international communities condemn the Taliban regime
    because of its violation of human rights, particularly restrictions of women from outside
    work and freedom.
    On October 10, 1999, the United States government declare political and economical
    sanctions against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan because of holding and supporting
    Saudi billionaire Bin Laden.
    October 25, 1999, Taliban offer talks between Afghanistan and the US Government
    including the future of Osma Bin Laden.
    October 28, 1999. Saudi Millionaire declared his desire to leave Afghanistan
    November, 5, 1999: Bin Laden likely stay in Afghanistan
    Taliban Rule

    Between fighting, refugees The United Taliban isolated


    have returned to homes Nations has Afghanistan from the
    burned and destroyed by accused the world
    the Taliban. Taliban of burning
    homes and crops
    to keep Afghan
    refugees from
    returning home. The Taliban

    Taliban Justice
    2000 - Today
    Mohammed Omar, Taliban leader, continues to give aid and comfort to the
    terrorist Bin Lauden.

    September 11, 2001. Al Qaeda forces of Bin Laden


    attack the United States.
    United States and her allies declare war on terrorism.
    Taliban Government driven into hiding, many Taliban and Al Quaeda forces
    killed or captured by the United States and her allies.
    The Taliban grip on Afghanistan and support for Bin Laden has ended.
    The War on Terrorism continues.

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