Cultural Diversity

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Cultural Diversity

On Multiculturalism
These people share the same
nation, geographic region,
language, but they cannot be
considered as one ethnic group
sharing a similar culture.
Tremendous historical, racial and
cultural differences must be
Example

•In Malaysia, there are


Malays, Chinese, East
Indians, and the tribal
groups of Sarawak.
This notion is especially false for
nondominant cultures living in the
United States. Lynch and Hanson
(1998) reported at least four ways
individuals and families from other
countries “live out” their culture in the
United States.
These include “1) mainstreams,
2) bicultural individuals, 3) culturally
different individuals, and 4) culturally
marginal individuals”. In reality, a
continuum of cultural identity exists
and the entire range often can be
found within the same family.
Example
•Grandparents may maintain
their original culture, while
their grandchildren may be
*bicultural or mainstreamers.
bicultural
•having or combining the
cultural attitudes and customs
of two nations, peoples, or
ethnic groups.
divisive
•tending to cause
disagreement or hostility
between people.
• According to this myth, immigrants
coming to the United States
eventually have been assimilated
and considered themselves to be
Americans. The myth goes on to
state that when ethnicity is turned
into a defining characteristics, it
promotes division rather than unity.
•This shallow reasoning
denies the multiple
diversities that always have
existed and continue to exist
throughout the United States.
• This myth is pervasive in such
societies. WIth an increasingly
diverse society, bicultural and
monocultural areas especially
need to learn about culture to
which they will be in close
proximity in the immediate future.
•Increasingly, children
and families are
multiethnic in nature.
Here are two examples.
• Maria is an Evangelical Christian from
Ecuador who married Mohammed, a
Muslim from Pakistan. They have to
elementary-age children who are being
raised in Queens, New York. The
children have never visited Ecuador or
Pakistan.
•Patrick is of Chinese
heritage, but was born
in Jamaica. His family
later moved to Toronto
and now lives in Miami.
• These children are not stereotypical.
They have a unique cultural heritage.
Multicultural education should examine
intrapersonal cultural diversity as well
as the interpersonal. If this is not
acknowleged and valued, children like
Patrick could experience intrapsychic
cultural conflict.
On Literature
• Studying literature can be enriching,
eye opening experience. By
following the histories presented
throughout English literature, it's
possible to understand how
contemporary western culture has
developed into what it is today.
• Literature allows us to understand the
philosophical movements and ideas that
permeated a particular culture at a particular
time. As an example in English literature, Mary
Shelley's “Frankestein” shows us the
ambivalence the British felt towards empiricism.
Reading new words and phrases can increase
anyone's lexicon. Literature is also crucial to
learning stylistic and artistic conventions for
communication and writing.
Process Questions:
1.How do these misconceptions
apply to Asian countries like
Malaysia, Singapore, and the
Philippines? Cite examples for
your answer.
2.What examples can you cite
that show diversity because of
multiculturalism in Malaysia and
Singapore? Does
multiculturalism also apply to our
country? Why? Why not?
3. Based on misconceptions on
culture, what do you say now
about the presence of different
cultures around the Philippines
(our cultural or ethnic group), in
Malaysia and Singapore?
4. How does the study of
Afro-Asian literature give
you a wide perspective in
tolerating and appreciating
cultural differences?

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