Tardiness and Academic Performance of Senior High School Students of

University of Mindanao

A Proposal Research Paper Presented to

The Faculty of the College of Education
University of Mindanao

In Partial Fulfilment

Of the Requirements for

GE 2 subject under the advisory

Of Roel I. Ido

By:

Christine Grace A. Aceberos

Charlotte B. Fagtanan
Andrei L. Lancian
Lovely Mae M. Palacat
Liel Anuel S.Quilab

October 2019
 Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Setting

Background of the Study

Tardiness implies a situation where an individual is coming, occurring or remaining

after correct, usual or expected time. Thus, the term “class tardiness” has been defined as
students not attending lecture on time, missing out initial time from the first period and
primarily not being present in the time set (Saba, n.d.).
Tardiness became an alarming problem in most of the schools including the
University of Mindanao. If this recurring problem left unchecked, it may create systematic
problems which can lead to negative effects. Students must learn to balance their time. The
principal, instructional leaders and managers must mobilize their executive staff or general
staff, in such way as to drastically reduce the incidence of tardiness and protect instructional
time. Failure to do so will lead to a marked decline in the academic climate and
performance of the institution. Indiscipline will also increase. Administrators must lead by
example(Lubkin,2013).
Statement of the Problem
Tardiness is one of the problems the University of Mindanao and other
schools commonly facing. This study aims to know the main cause of
tardiness of senior high school students in the said school and how
tardiness affects the student’s academic performance.
The researchers aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the main cause of tardiness of senior high school students in
University of Mindanao; and
2. What are the effects of tardiness of Senior High School students in
University of Mindanao their academic performance?
Review of related literature
• One factor that dictates the quality of performance of a student is his/her
punctuality that is, getting to school on time or being tardy.
• As cited by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011), “lateness” defined as the
“situation where an individual arrives after the proper, scheduled or usual
time. Lauby (2009) puts it as a term used to describe “people not showing
up on time” and Breeze et al. (2010) contributed by saying that, lateness is
synonymous with “tardiness”, which implies being slow to act or slow to
respond, thus not meeting up with proper or usual timing.
• Lastly, Weade (2004) defined tardiness as “being late for any measurable
length of time past the stated or scheduled start time for work or school.”
In most schools, a student is tardy when he/she is not present when the
school bell rings or when the first teacher starts to give instructional
materials for the first subject in the morning class.
 Review of related literature
• Reasons for being late in class and other factors affecting the punctuality if a
student vary. There had been some theories that pointed out that tardiness is
caused by the personality of a person. Santillano (2010) stated that
psychological theorists considered some “personality traits, including low self-
esteem and anxiety” as triggering factors of tardiness. She also mentioned
that while some theorists considered tardiness as an “inborn quality” since
our being early or late is “partially biologically determined”, which she also
agreed, other experts also believed that some people are “chronically tardy”
for the reason that they consciously and unconsciously get good things from
it.
• Study was the one conducted by Enamiroro Oghuvbu in Nigeria. The objective
of the study was to determine the causes of the absenteeism and lateness
among the secondary students in Nigeria and to seek for solutions to the
growing problem.
Review of related literature
• Pimentel and Quijada collected sixty respondents and provided them
with questionnaires. According to the results of the study of Pimentel
and Quijada three out of sixty respondents are always late, eight said
they are sometimes late, twelve said they are seldom late and thirty-
seven said that they never get late due to late-night use of Facebook.

• Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011) emphasized that lateness or tardiness

is not just the problem of the late student but it affects the
surrounding people.
Theoretical Framework

PERSONALITY
TRAIT
Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

I. Main cause of tardiness of Survey Statistical
Senior High school students
Treatment
II. The effects of tardiness of

Senior High School students in

their academic performance

Significance of the study
This research will help students to realize the effects of
tardiness to their studies and to their lives. The results of this
research may also help them understand their usual reasons for
tardiness.
Moreover, this study may also be a help to teachers.
Teachers may be able to realize that they have certain influence
to the tardiness of students. They may find that their personal
and teaching habits might affect the student’s punctuality and
education.
Lastly, this research may also help the future researchers
that seek to study the tardiness in UM, or in any other institutions.
Scope and limitation
This study only covers the cause of tardiness of senior high
school student in University of Mindanao including its effects to
academic performance. The researchers will gather the data from
senior high school students of the University of Mindanao
enrolled in the school year 2019-2020.
The whole story and personal lives of respondents are not part of
this study. Other things that are irrelevant to this study are not
coped by the researchers.
Definition of terms
• Academic performance- is the measurement of student achievement
across various academic subjects. Teachers and education officials typically
measure achievement using classroom performance, graduation rates and
results from standardized tests.
• Tardiness-“lateness” defined as the “situation where an individual arrives
after the proper, scheduled or usual time.
• Personality Trait-reflect people's characteristic patterns of thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors.
• Punctuality-is the characteristic of being able to complete a required task
or fulfill an obligation before or at a previously designated time.
• School- an institution for educating children
 Chapter 2
Methodology
Research Design
The descriptive-correlational method will be use in this
quantitative study. Descriptive-correlational method describes
and predicts how variables are naturally related in the real world,
without any attempt by the researcher to alter them or assign
causation between them.
The researchers aim to describe the factors affecting the
punctuality of senior high school students of University of
Mindanao including its effects to their academic performance.
research Respondents
The respondents that will be involved in the survey are the senior
high school students of the University of Mindanao. The
researcher will use purposive sampling in this study. There are
set of criteria in order for them to be qualified as a respondent.
Firstly, he/she must be student at University of Mindanao,
secondly he/she is a senior high school student, and lastly
he/she enrolled for the school year 2019-2020
 research locale
This study conducted at University of Mindanao.
The University of Mindanao is the largest private, non
sectarian university in Mindanao located in Davao City on
the Southern Philippine island. Established in 1946,
the University of Mindanao has ten branches spread over
thirteen campuses in Southern Mindanao. Guillermo E.
Torres Sr., the founder and the first President of MC. On
December 21, 1966, MC chartered as the University of
Mindanao, Inc. the first private, nonsectarian university in
Mindanao.
The school offers high education program from
Kindergarten to Doctorate programs. The Senior High
Senior High School department offers the academic track
that has three strands. The HUMSS (Humanities and
Social Science), ABM (Accountancy, Business and
Management) and STEM (Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics) strand. Furthermore,
University of Mindanao also has College programs like
Education, Business Administration and other majors.
research Instrument
The researchers will be using a Survey Questionnaire
“Tardiness and Academic Performance of Senior High School Students of University of
Mindanao”

survey questionnaire in collecting Name (Optional):

1.
Sex: [ ] male

Have you been late to school?

[ ] female Age: Strand:_________

data from the respondents. The o

o
Yes
No

survey questionnaire involved

2. What isthe cause of your lateness? (Choose one)
o Waking up late
o Traffic
o Transportation Difficulty

questions are rooted from the o

o
o
Walking to school
Watching movie in the morning
Doing projects and assignments in the morning

significance of the study and the o Using cellphone (e.g. checking social media accounts, playing online games,
etc.)
Other _______________________

research problem. The respondents 3. Does tardiness affect your grades?

o
o
Yes
No

should shade the circle that 4. If yes, how does it affect your grades? (Refer to number 3)
o I got lower grades

correspondents there answer, and if o

o
I got higher grades
It does not affect my grades
Other_______________________

the answers are not presented in the 5. Aside from grades, what do you think are the possible effects of lateness to students
based on your experience?

choices, they should specify there _______________________________________________________________

answer in the give space. I ______________________________ hereby give my consent of participation in a study entitled “The
Cause ofTardiness and Its Effects to Academic Performance”. I agree to present my general average
in the first quarter of this school year as contribution to the said study.

____________________________
Signature over Printed Name
Data Gathering Procedure
In order to gather data, first, the researchers would do the
following steps. The researcher will prepare the survey questions.
Secondly, the researchers will validate the survey questions.
Immediately proceed to the third step, which is to ask permission
to the Principal or head of senior high school department to allow
the researchers to conduct the survey. Only with the approval of
principal or head of senior high school department, the
researchers can conduct the survey. After conducting the survey,
the researchers will use the statistical tools to analyze the
gathered data.
Statistical Treatment
• The mean is use to identify the average that is use to derive the
central tendency of question and data.
• . Standard deviation will used to know the distribution on how to
quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values.
• Pearson r correlation: Pearson r correlation is the most widely used
correlation statistic to measure the degree of the relationship
between linearly related variables. Pearson r correlation used to
measure the degree of relationship between the two.
REFERENCES