PO Pertemuan 2 Diversity in Organization

Organizational
Behavior
Chapter 2 15th Global Edition

Robbins and Judge
Diversity in Organizations
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-1

Chapter 2 Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter you should be able to:
 Describe the two major forms of workforce diversity
 Identify the key biographical characteristics and describe how they are
relevant to OB
 Recognize stereotypes and understand how they function in organizational

settings
 Define intellectual ability and demonstrate its relevance to OB
 Contrast intellectual from physical ability
 Describe how organizations manage diversity effectively

Describe the Two Major Forms
LO 1
of Workforce Diversity
Diversity Management
Surface-Level Diversity
Deep-Level Diversity

Biographical Characteristics
LO 2
and How Are They Relevant to OB
Those readily available in a personnel file

 Age
 Belief is widespread that job
performance declines with
increasing age.
 The workforce is aging.
 U.S. legislation that, for all intents
and purposes, outlaws mandatory
retirement.

LO 2

 Sex
 Few issues initiate more debates, misconceptions, and
unsupported opinions than whether women perform as
well on jobs as men do.
 Few, if any, important differences between men and
women affect job performance.
 Psychological studies have found women are more
agreeable and willing to conform to authority, whereas
men are more aggressive and more likely to have
expectations of success, but those differences are minor.

LO 2
 Race and Ethnicity

 Employees tend to favor colleagues for their own race in
performance evaluations, promotion decisions, pay raises.
 Different attitudes on affirmative action with African-
Americans preferring such programs than do whites.
 African-Americans generally do worse than whites in
employment decisions.
 No statistical difference between Whites and African-
Americans in observed absence rates, applied social skills at
work, or accident rates.

LO 2
 Disability
 A person is disabled who has any physical or mental
impairment that substantially limits one or more major life
activities.
 The “reasonable accommodation” is problematic for
employers.
 Strong biases exist against those with mental impairment.

LO 2
 Tenure
 The issue of the impact of job seniority on job
performance has been subject to
misconceptions and speculations.
 Religion
 Although employees are protected by U.S.
federal law regarding their religion, it is still an
issue in the workplace.

LO 2
Those not readily available in a personnel

file…
 Sexual orientation
 Federal law does not protect employees against
discrimination based on sexual orientation.
 Gender identity
 Often referred to as transgender employees, this topic
encompasses those individuals who change genders.

Stereotypes and How They
LO 3
Function in Organizational Settings
 “Discrimination” is to note a difference between

things.
 Unfair discrimination is assuming stereotypes about

groups and refusing to recognize differences.

Describe the Two Major Forms
LO 3
of Workforce Diversity
Insert Exhibit 2.1

Define Intellectual Abilityand
LO 4
Demonstrate Its Relevance to OB
Ability is an individual’s current capacity

to perform various tasks in a job
 Two types
 Intellectual abilities
 Physical abilities

LO 4
 Intellectual abilities are abilities needed to perform

mental activities—thinking, reasoning, and problem
solving.
 Most societies place a high value on intelligence,

and for good reason.

LO 4
Number
Aptitude
Verbal
Memory Comprehension
Intellectual
Spatial Ability Perceptual
Visualization Speed
Deductive Inductive
Reasoning Reasoning
Exhibit 2.2

Contrast Intellectual
LO 5
from Physical Ability
 Physical Abilities
 The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina,
dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.
 The three main categories of physical ability

are…
 Strength
 Flexibility
 And Other characteristics

LO 5
Insert Exhibit 2.3

LO 5
 Importance of ability at work increases difficulty in

formulating workplace policies that recognize
disabilities.
 Recognizing that individuals have different abilities

that can be taken into account when making hiring
decisions is not problematic.
 It is also possible to make accommodations for

disabilities.

Describe How Organizations
LO 6
Manage Diversity Effectively
Attracting, Selecting,
Developing, and
Retaining Diverse
Employees
Diversity in Groups Effective Diversity

Programs

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retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education

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Organizational

Chapter 2 15th Global Edition

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-1

 Recognize stereotypes and understand how they function in organizational

 Define intellectual ability and demonstrate its relevance to OB

 Contrast intellectual from physical ability

 Describe how organizations manage diversity effectively

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-2

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-3

Those readily available in a personnel file

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-4

Those readily available in a personnel file

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-5

Those readily available in a personnel file

 Race and Ethnicity

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-6

Those readily available in a personnel file

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-7

Those readily available in a personnel file

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-8

Those not readily available in a personnel

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-9

 “Discrimination” is to note a difference between

 Unfair discrimination is assuming stereotypes about

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-10

Insert Exhibit 2.1

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-11

Ability is an individual’s current capacity

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-12

 Intellectual abilities are abilities needed to perform

 Most societies place a high value on intelligence,

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-13

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-14

 The three main categories of physical ability

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-15

Insert Exhibit 2.3

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-16

 Importance of ability at work increases difficulty in

 Recognizing that individuals have different abilities

 It is also possible to make accommodations for

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-17

Diversity in Groups Effective Diversity

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 2-18

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education 1-19

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