What is ?

VALUES
Values are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate
attitudes or actions. They help us to determine what
is important to us. Values in a narrow sense is that
which is good, desirable, or worthwhile. Values are
the motive behind purposeful action. They are the ends
to which we act and come in many forms.
1 Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the
members of a culture about what is good or bad and
desirable or undesirable. Values have major influence on
a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad
guidelines in all situations. Some common business
values are fairness, innovation and community involvement.
2. The monetary worth of something in areas such as accounting,
economics, marketing or mathematics.
See also value.
 Values are standards or ideals with which we evaluate actions,
people, things, or situations. Beauty, honesty, justice, peace,
generosity are all examples of values that many people endorse. In
thinking about values it is useful to distinguish them into three
kinds:
Personal values: values endorsed by an individual. For example,
some people regard family as their most important values, and
structure their lives so that they can spend more time with their
family. Other people might value success instead, and give less
time to their families in order to achieve their goals.
Moral values: values that help determine what is morally right
or wrong, e.g. freedom, fairness, equality, etc., well-being.
Those which are used to evaluate social institutions
are sometimes also known as political values.
Aesthetic values: values associated with the
evaluation of artwork or beauty.
Values
Values are individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or
another. They serve as a guide for human behavior
Generally, people are predisposed to adopt the values
that they are raised with. People also tend to believe
that those values are “right” because they are the
values of their particular culture. Ethical decision-
making often involves weighing values against each
other and choosing which values to elevate. Conflicts
can result when people have different values, leading
to a clash of preferences and priorities. Some values
have intrinsic worth, such as love, truth, and freedom.
Other values, such as ambition, responsibility, and
courage, describe traits or behaviors that are instrumental
as means to an end.
value
1. Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by
the members of a culture about what is good or
bad and desirable or undesirable. Values have
major influence on a person's behavior and
attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all
situations. Some common business values are
fairness, innovation and community involvement.
2. The monetary worth of something in areas such as
accounting, economics, marketing or mathematics.
See also value.

Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/values.html

 Two types of values are;
1. Terminal Values.
2. Instrumental Values.
Terminal Values are most desirable to humans and
Instrumental values are views of how human desires
should be achieved.
Terminal Values
These are values that we think are most important or most
desirable.
These refer to desirable end states of existence, the goals
a person would like to achieve during his or her
lifetime.
They include happiness, self-respect, recognition, inner
harmony, leading a prosperous life, and professional
excellence.
Instrumental Values
Instrumental values deal with views on acceptable modes
of conductor means of achieving the terminal values.

These include being honest, sincere, ethical, and being

ambitious. These values are more focused on
personality traits and character.

There are many typologies of values. One of the most

established surveys to assess individual values is the
Rokeach Value Survey.
G.W .Allport, P.E. Vernon and G. Lindzey have categorized values into Six major
types
Theoretical Interest in the discovery of truth though reasoning and systematic
thinking. The idea theoretical man values the discovery of truth
Economic Interest in usefulness and practically including the accumulation of wealth
the ideal economic man values what is useful and concerned with practical affairs
Aesthetic Interest in beaut form and artistic harmony. The idea aesthetic man values
artistic and aesthetic experiences in life though he himself may not be creative
Social Interest in people and human relationship. The ideal social man places great
value on affiliation and love . He tends to be kind and sympathetic to other
individuals.
Political Interest in gaining power and influencing other people. The ideal political
places great value on power
Religious Interest in unity and understanding the cosmos as a whole. The highest
value for the ideal religious man may be called unit. Different people give different
importance to the above mentioned six values. Every individuals gives ranking to
the values from one to six this is very important for understanding the behavior of
the people
 Source of values
Family factor
Social factor
Personal factor
Cultural factor
Religious factor
Life experience
Role demand
Halo effect
Core Values About Life
Often, when you hear someone discuss why they
fell in love with their other half, they will
mention that they have the same values. In this
case, they are often talking about core values,
or internal beliefs that dictate how life should
be lived. Some examples of core values people
might have about life include the following:
A belief, or lack thereof, in God or an affiliation
with a religious/spiritual institution
A belief in being a good steward of resources and
in exercising frugality
A belief that family is of fundamental importance
A belief that honesty is always the best policy and
that trust has to be earned
A belief in maintaining a healthy work/life balance
Parents also try to instill these types of positive core values in children in
an effort to give them guiding principles for living a good life. Of
course, core values aren't always positive. Some people may be driven
by self-interest or greed, and these are core values, too, if they dictate
the way the people live their lives. Negative attitudes and core values
can also develop when people live in fear or insecurity and are forced
to focus on survival in difficult circumstances. Some examples of
negative core values include the following:
A belief that the world is a fundamentally brutal place and that only the
strong survive
A belief that people are powerless to change their fates or personal
situations
A belief that you don't deserve good things or relationships in life
A belief that other people are fundamentally untrustworthy and unloving
A belief that life is meaningless
Types of Values
In a Lincoln-Douglas Debate you will need to be able to explain not only which
values you are defending but what type of value you are using. There are
several methods to use to categorize the values. These are the four most
common categories that values are put into.
Universal Values: These are values that there is nearly unanimous agreement
as to the importance of them. These would include Sanctity of human life,
Peace, and human dignity.
Instrumental Values: These are values that can be used to get something
else. In other words the value is an instrument which allows you to get
some other things. Examples of these would include Progress (which
allows leisure time), Freedom (Through which we can get dignity and/or
self actualization), and Knowledge(which helps us get economic
prosperity, and progress).
Intrinsic Values: Something has intrinsic worth simply because of what it is
and not necessarily what it will lead to or because of its acceptance.
Some possible examples of intrinsic values would include beauty, artistic
expression, and happiness. We value them because they are an
important aspect of life.
 Prerequisite Values: These are values that are necessary before you can get
to some bigger goal. It is similar to the prerequisite course that you
must take in order to get to the more advanced course. Some good
examples of this type of value include safety (which is needed before
people can even think about having anything else), Justice (which is
needed before we can move onto equality), or the common good (which
must be honored if we can ever get to a state of peace).
Paramount Values: Think of this type of value like you think of Paramount
Studios with the large mountain. It is the value which is above all other
things. Some examples of this might include freedom (which many people
have given up their lives for and see as essential to a decent life) or sanctity of
life (which if we do not value or have renders everything else worthless).
O Operative Values: This type of values are the ways that we make judgments on
how to live the rest of our lives. We use these values as the overarching and
guiding principles which tell us what is always right and wrong. These are things
such as Integrity, Honesty, and Loyalty.
Types of interpersonal relationship:
Friendship
Friendship is an unconditional interpersonal relationship where individuals enter into by their own sweet will
and choice. Friendship is a relationship where there are no formalities and individuals enjoy each other’s
presence.
Friendship can be between:
Man and a woman , Man and man, Woman and woman
Love
An interpersonal relationship characterized by passion, intimacy, trust and respect is called love
individuals in a romantic relationship are deeply attached to each other and share a special bond.
Must have in a Romantic relationship:
Two partners must trust each other in this relationship.
A sense of respect and mutual admiration is essential.
Partners must reciprocate each other’s feelings for the charm to stay in the relationship for a longer period of
time.
Keys to a successful marriage:
Understanding
Love, Passion, Intimacy, Respect, Trust
 Platonic Relationship
A relationship between two individuals without any feelings or sexual desire
for each other is called a platonic relationship.
In such a relationship, a man and a woman are just friends and do not mix
love with friendship.
Platonic relationships might end in romantic relationship with both the
partners developing mutual love and falling for each other.

Family Relationship
Individuals related by blood or marriage are said to form a family.

Professional Relationship (Work Relationship)

Individuals working together for the same organization are said to share
a professional relationship.
Types of Interpersonal Relationships
We define types of interpersonal relationships in terms of relational contexts of
interaction and the types of expectations that communicators have of one
another.
Friendship Theories of friendship emphasize the concept of friendship as a freely
chosen association
Family Family communication patterns establish roles, identities and enable the
growth of individuals. Family dysfunction may also be exhibited by
communication patterns.
Romantic Romantic relationships are defined in terms of the concepts of
passion, intimacy and commitment.
Professional Relationships Professional communication encompasses small group
communication and interviewing.
Interpersonal Competence Assess interpersonal effectiveness in various types of
relationships and contexts.
Websites for Interpersonal Relationships This page links you to other Websites that
provide resources about interpersonal relationships.
FACTORS AFFECTING INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

1Compatibility
Two individuals in a relationship must be compatible with each other. There
should be no scope of conflicts and misunderstandings in a relationship.
Individuals from similar backgrounds and similar goals in life do extremely
well in relationships. People with different aims, attitudes, thought
processes find it difficult to adjust and hence fail to carry the relationship
to the next level.
2Communication
Communication plays a pivotal role in all types of relationships whether it is
personal or professional. Feelings must be expressed and reciprocated in
relationships. Individuals need to communicate with each other effectively
for better understanding. Do not stay mum as it leads to problems and
misunderstandings. Two people in love must interact with each other on a
regular basis through various modes of communication such as
telephone, emails, letters (though exchanging letter is now considered an
outdated form of communication). Staying in touch is essential for the
love to grow especially in long distance relationships where individuals
can’t meet quite often.
Honesty: Be honest in relationships. Do not lie or hide things from your
partner. Remember every problem has a solution. Think before you
speak. Transparency is important in relationships.
Stay calm: Do not overreact on petty things in relationships. Stay calm. Be a
little more adjusting. Be the first one to say “Sorry”. It will solve half of
your problems.
Forgiving: An individual needs to be a little more forgiving in relationships.
Do not drag issues unnecessarily. Fighting over small issues is foolish
and makes the situation all the more worse.
Smile: As they say “Smile is a curve that makes everything straight.” Flash
your smile more often. It works. Take care of your facial expressions
while interacting with the other person.
Time :Time plays an important role in relationships. Individuals in love must
spend adequate time to know each other better. Frustrations arise when
people do not have time to meet or interact with each other. Even in
organization, individuals must spend quality time with their co workers to
strengthen the bond amongst themselves. Married couples must take
time out for each other for the charm to stay in relationship forever.
Reference
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-core-
values.html
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/978047047921
6.corpsy0038
https://philosophy.hku.hk/think/value/values.php
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/types-of-interpersonal-
relationships.htm<br>
https://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/spd110td/interper/relations/relat
ions.html