“If you are a believer, believe not in the

believers who believe in you

But the unbelievers who don’t believe in
the belief you believe”

― Rhymesonny
PSSg Jeffrey H Quero
• Yamaha R15 Club of the Philippines Elected as Officer ( Vice-President) May 4, 2014 to
Present;
• Yamaha Motors Philippines Trackday Competition “2nd Place” Category September 26,
2014;
• Yamaha Motor Philippines Riding Clinic Seminar from Mr. Kato (former MotoGP Racer)
September 26, 2014;
• Yamaha Motors Philippines Presidential Summit Participants on Davao City December
12, 2015;
• Yamaha R15 Club of the Philippines Riding Clinic and Traffic Rules and Regulation as
Guest Lecturer on January 18, 2016;
• Yamaha R15 Club of the Philippines Trackday on April 16, 2016 at Carmona, Cavite
City;
• Yamaha R15 Club of the Philippines Riding Clinic and Traffic Rules and Regulation as
Guest Lecturer on April 4, 2017;
• Yamaha R15 Club of the Philippines Riding Clinic and Traffic Rules and Regulation as
Guest Lecturer on November 8, 2018; and
• Pateros Municipal Police Station Safety Riding Tips as Guest Lecturer on July 9, 2019
at this Police Station.
BASIC TRAFFIC LAWS, RULES AND
REGULATIONS, MEMORANDA,
ORDINANCES AND ISSUANCES

PSSg Jeffrey H Quero

 INTRODUCTION
This module will teach you the basic traffic laws, rules and
regulations, memoranda, ordinances, issuances, and its applicability in the
execution of traffic by police officers.

After this block of instruction, you will be able to:

 T.O. #1 : Understand and recognize the main concepts of R.A. No. 4136,
LTO directives and issuances, and the salient features of R.A. No. 10054
and R.A. No. 8750; and

 T.O. #2 : Identify the different traffic violations of motorists.

REPUBLIC
ACT No. 4136

This Act shall be know as

the “Land Transportation and
Traffic Code”
 Matrix 1. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
Motor Vehicle – shall mean any vehicle propelled by any power other
Chap.1 Art. 2 Sec. 3(a)
than muscular power using the public highway.

Chap. 1 Art. 2 Sec.3(d) Driver – shall mean every and any licensed operator of a motor vehicle.

Owner – shall mean the actual legal owner of a motor vehicle in whose
Chap. 1 Art. 2 Sec. 3(f) name such vehicle is duly registered with the Land Transportation
Office.

Parking or Parked – shall mean that a motor vehicle is parked or

parking if it has been brought to a stop on shoulder or edge of a
Chap.1 Art.2 Sec.3(l)
highway, and remains inactive in that place or close thereto for an
appreciable period of time.
Matrix 1. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136

Garage – shall mean any building in which two or more motor

vehicles, either with or without drivers, are kept ready for hire to the
Chap.1 Art.2
public, but shall not include street stands, public service stations, or
Sec. 3 (h)
other public places designated by proper authority as parking spaces
for motor vehicles for hire while waiting or soliciting business.

Highway – shall mean every public thoroughfare, public boulevard,

Chap.1 Art.2 driveway, avenue park, alley and callejon, but shall not include
Sec. 3(j) roadway upon grounds owned by private person, colleges, universities
or other similar institutions.
Matrix 1. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
Chap. 3 Art.1 No person shall operate any motor vehicle without first
Sec. 19 procuring a license to drive a motor vehicle for the current
year, nor while such license is delinquent, invalid,
suspended or revoked.

Chap. 3 Art. 1 Sec. Confiscation of Driver’s Licenses

29
Chap. 3 Art.1 Sec. Student’s Driver’s Permit
30

Chap. 4 Art. 5 Sec. Duty of driver in case of an accident

55
Matrix 2. LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE MEMORANDUM
CIRCULAR 89-105
Section 1 Driving without first securing proper license
Section 2 Driving with delinquent, invalid, suspended, ineffectual or revoked license

Section 3 a Failure to show or surrender license.

Section 3 b Failure to carry driver’s license
Section 4 Driving while under the influence of liquor or prohibited drugs

Section 5 Allowing an unlicensed/improperly license person to drive

Section 6 Fake license
Section 7 Allowing another person to use his license
Section 9 A student driver operating a motor vehicle without being
accompanied by a duly licensed driver
Matrix 2. LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE MEMORANDUM
CIRCULAR 89-105
Section 11 Unregistered motor vehicle
Section 14 Certificate of Registration /Official Receipt (CR/OR) not carried

Section 15 Invalid or suspended/revoked/expired CR

Section 17a Plates not firmly attached and visible

Section 17b Dirty or uncared for plates

Section 17c Inconspicuously displayed plates

Section 18 License plates different from body number
Section 19 Improper displayed plates
Section 20 Expired commemorative plates/stickers
Section 22 Illegal transfer of plates
Matrix 2. LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE MEMORANDUM
CIRCULAR 89-105
Violation relative to equipment, parts, accessories, devices and markings of
Section 23
motor vehicles
Section 24 Dirty and unsightly or dilapidated motor vehicle
Failure to paint or improper painting of authorized route and painting of
Section 25
unauthorized route
Section 27 Unauthorized improvised plates
Section 31 Unauthorized bell, siren or exhaust whistle
Section 33 No body number
Section 34 No Early Warning Device (EWD) or failure to install EWD
Section 36 No capacity marking
Section 38 No tailgate or failure to put “NOT FOR HIRE”
Section 39 Load extending beyond projected width without permit
Matrix 2. LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE MEMORANDUM
CIRCULAR 89-105
Section 40 Overloading
Section 41 Out of line

Section 42 Colorum Operation (driver)

Section 43 Colorum Operation (operator)

Employing insolent, discourteous or arrogant drivers or
Section 44
conductors

Section 45 Refusal to convey passenger to proper destination/trip-cutting

Section 50 Overcharging/Undercharging
No franchise/CPC/PA carried- Certificate of Public
Section 52
Convenience or evidence of franchise
 Matrix 2. LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE
MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR 89-105
Section 53 Fake license, identification card or permit

Section 54 Fake CR/OR, plates, tags or stickers/spurious documents

Section 56a Prohibited parking

Section 56b Allowing passenger on top or cover of vehicle

Section 56d Arrogance or discourtesy

Section 56e Disregarding traffic light

Section 57 Reckless driving

Section 59 Driving in slippers or sleeveless shirt

Section 60 Driving or parking in a place not for traffic or parking

Matrix 2. LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE MEMORANDUM
CIRCULAR 89-105

Section 70a Illegal turn

Section 70b Driving against traffic

Section 70c Illegal overtaking

Section 70n Overtaking at no overtaking zone

Section 70z Obstruction

Section 34.- Accessories
of Motor Vehicle (cont’n)

• All motor vehicles shall be equipped with devices for

varying the intensity of light, and the driver must dim the
headlights or tilt the beams downward whenever the
vehicle is being operated on well lighted streets within
the limits of cities, municipalities, and thickly populated
barrios or districts, or whenever such vehicle meets
another vehicle on any public highway.
Section 34.- Accessories
of Motor Vehicle (cont’n)

• (d) Taillights. - Every motor vehicle and trailer shall, during the above-
mentioned hours, also bear on each side in the rear a lamp showing a red
light visible at least one hundred meters from the rear of the vehicle and a
lamp throwing a white light upon the number plate issued for such vehicle.

• (e) Stop lights. - Every motor vehicle shall be equipped at the rear with at
least one lamp which shall throw a sustained bright red light visible under all
conditions, even under bright sunlight, when the brakes are applied. Each
bus, truck, trailer or similar vehicle shall be equipped, as its stop light at or
near its rear center, with a lamp at least twelve centimeters in diameter with
the word "stop" inscribed in the center.
Section 34.- Accessories
of Motor Vehicle (cont’n)
• (f) Motorcycle and other vehicle lights. - Every motor vehicle of less than one meter of
projected width shall be subject to the preceding provisions of this section, except that one
headlight and one taillight shall be required. No signal light shall be necessary.

• Additional lamps may be carried provided they comply with the preceding provisions of this
section.

• Every motor vehicle, or whatever style, kind, make, character, or nature, when upon a highway
during the hours above-mentioned, whether in motion or not, shall have one or more lights so
arranged that the same shall be visible at least fifty meters from the front and the rear of such
vehicle.

• (g) Lights when parked or disabled. - Appropriate parking lights or flares visible one hundred
meters away shall be displayed at a corner of the vehicle whenever such vehicle is parked on
highways or in places that are not well-lighted or is placed in such manner as to endanger passing
traffic.
Section 34.- Accessories
of Motor Vehicle (cont’n)

• (h) Windshield wiper. - Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a

mechanically or electrically operated device for wiping off raindrops or
other moisture from its front windshield.

• (i) Use of red flag. - Whenever the load of any vehicle extends more
than one meter beyond the bed or body thereof, there shall be
displayed at every projecting end of such load a red flag not less than
thirty centimeters both in length and width, except that during the hours
fixed under subsection (c), there shall be displayed, in lieu of the
required red flags, red lights visible at least fifty meters away.
Section 34.- Accessories
of Motor Vehicle (cont’n)

• (j) Mufflers. - Every motor vehicle propelled by an

internal combustion engine shall be equipped with a
muffler, and whenever said motor vehicle passes through
a street of any city, municipality, or thickly populated
district or barrio, the muffler shall not be cut out or
disconnected. No motor vehicle shall be operated in
such a manner as to cause it to emit or make any
unnecessary or disagreeable odor, smoke or noise
Section 35. Restriction as to
speed

• (a) Any person driving a motor vehicle on a highway

shall drive the same at a careful and prudent speed, not
greater nor less than is reasonable and proper, having due
regard for the traffic, the width of the highway, and of any
other condition then and there existing; and no person
shall drive any motor vehicle upon a highway at such a
speed as to endanger the life, limb and property of any
person, nor at a speed greater than will permit him to bring
the vehicle to a stop within the assured clear distance
ahead.
Exemption
• (1) A physician or his driver when the former responds to emergency calls;
• (2) The driver of a hospital ambulance on the way to and from the place of accident or other
emergency;
• (3) Any driver bringing a wounded or sick person for emergency treatment to a hospital, clinic,
or any other similar place;
• (4) The driver of a motor vehicle belonging to the Armed Forces while in use for official
purposes in times of riot, insurrection or invasion;
• (5) The driver of a vehicle, when he or his passengers are in pursuit
of a criminal;
• (6) A law-enforcement officer who is trying to overtake a violator of
traffic laws; and
• (7) The driver officially operating a motor vehicle of any fire
department, provided that exemption shall not be construed to allow
unless or unnecessary fast driving of drivers aforementioned
Section 36. Speed limits uniform throughout the
Philippines

• No provincial, city or municipal authority shall

enact or enforce any ordinance or resolution
specifying maximum allowable speeds other than
those provided in this Act.
Section 37. Driving on right side of highway
• Unless a different course of action is required in the interest of
the safety and the security of life, person or property, or
because of unreasonable difficulty of operation in compliance
herewith, every person operating a motor vehicle or an
animal-drawn vehicle on a highway shall pass to the right
when meeting persons or vehicles coming toward him, and to
the left when overtaking persons or vehicles going the same
direction, and when turning to the left in going from one
highway to another, every vehicle shall
conducted to the right of the center of the intersection of the
highway
Section 39. Overtaking a vehicle.

• The driver of any motor vehicle overtaking another

vehicle proceeding in the same direction shall pass at a
safe distance to the left thereof, and shall not again drive
to the right side of the highway until safety clear of such
overtaken vehicle except that on a highway, within a
business or residential district, having two or more lanes
for the movement of traffic in one direction, the driver of a
vehicle may overtake and pass another vehicle on the
right. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit
a driver overtaking and passing, upon the right, another
vehicle which is making or about to make a left turn.
Section 40. Driver to give way to overtaking vehicle

• The driver of a vehicle about to be overtaken

and passed by another vehicle approaching
from the rear shall give way to the overtaking
vehicle on suitable and audible signal being
given by the driver of the overtaking vehicle,
and shall not increase the speed of his vehicle
until completely passed by the overtaking
vehicle.
Section 41. Restrictions on overtaking and passing.
• (a) The driver of a vehicle shall not drive to the left side of the center b line
of a highway in overtaking or passing another vehicle proceeding in the same
direction, unless such left side is clearly visible, and is free of oncoming traffic
for a sufficient distance ahead to permit such overtaking or passing to be
made in safety.

• (b) The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake or pass another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction, when approaching the crest of a grade, not
upon a curve in the highway, where the driver's view along the highway is
obstructed within a distance of five hundred feet ahead, except on a highway
having two or more lanes for movement of traffic in one direction where the
driver of a vehicle may overtake or pass another vehicle: Provided, That on a
highway within a business or residential district, having two or more lanes for
movement of traffic in one direction, the driver of a vehicle may overtake or
pass another vehicle on the right.
Section 41. Restrictions on overtaking and passing. (cont’n)

• (c) The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake or pass any other vehicle proceeding in
the same direction, at any railway grade crossing, not at any intersection of highways
unless such intersection or crossing is controlled by traffic signal, or unless permitted
to do so by a watchman or a peace officer, except on a highway having two or more
lanes for movement of traffic in one direction where the driver of a vehicle may
overtake or pass another vehicle on the right. Nothing in this section shall be
construed to prohibit a driver overtaking or passing upon the right another vehicle
which is making or about to make a left turn.

• (d) The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake or pass, or attempt to pass, any other
vehicle, proceeding in the same direction, between any points indicated by the
placing of official temporary warning or caution signs indicating that men are working
on the highway.

• (e) The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake or pass, or attempt to overtake or
pass, any other vehicle proceeding in the same direction in any "no-passing or
overtaking zone."
Section 42. Right of way.

• (a) When two vehicles approach or enter an

intersection at approximately the same time, the
driver of the vehicle on the left shall yield the right
of way to the vehicle on the right, except as
otherwise hereinafter provided. The driver of any
vehicle traveling at an unlawful speed shall forfeit
any right of way which he might otherwise have
hereunder.
Section 42. Right of way. (cont’n)

• (b) The driver of a vehicle approaching but

not having entered an intersection, shall yield the
right of way to a vehicle within such intersection
or turning therein to the left across the line of
travel of such first mentioned vehicle, provided the
driver of the vehicle turning left has given a plainly
visible signal of intention to turn as required in this
Act.
Section 42. Right of way. (cont’n)
• c) The driver of any vehicle upon a highway within a
business or residential district shall yield the right of way
to a pedestrian crossing such highway within a
crosswalk, except at intersections where the movement
of traffic is being regulated by a peace officer or by
traffic signal. Every pedestrian crossing a highway within
a business or residential district, at any point other than
a crosswalk shall yield the right of way to vehicles upon
the highway.
Section 42. Right of way. (cont’n)
Section 42. Right of way. (cont’n)

• c) The driver of any vehicle upon a highway within

a business or residential district shall yield the right
of way to a pedestrian crossing such highway
within a crosswalk, except at intersections where
the movement of traffic is being regulated by a
peace officer or by traffic signal. Every pedestrian
crossing a highway within a business or residential
district, at any point other than a crosswalk shall
yield the right of way to vehicles upon the highway.
Section 42. Right of way. (cont’n)

• (d) The driver of a vehicle upon a highway

shall bring to a full stop such vehicle before
traversing any "through highway" or railroad
crossing: Provided, That when it is apparent
that no hazard exists, the vehicle may be
slowed down to five miles per hour instead of
bringing it to a full stop.
Section 42. Right of way. (cont’n)
Section 43. Exception to the right of way rule.

• (a) The driver of a vehicle entering a highway from a

private road or drive shall yield the right of way to all
vehicles approaching on such highway.

• (b) The driver of a vehicle upon a highway

shall yield the right of way to police or fire
department vehicles and ambulances when such vehicles
are operated on official business and the drivers thereof
sound audible signal of their approach.
Section 43. Exception to the right of way rule. (cont’n)
• c) The driver of a vehicle entering a "through highway" or
a "stop intersection" shall yield the right of way to all
vehicles approaching to either direction on such "through
highway": Provided, That nothing in this subsection shall
be construed as relieving the driver of any vehicle being
operated on a "through highway" from the duty of driving
with due regard for the safety of vehicles entering such
"through highway" nor as protecting the said driver from
the consequence of an arbitrary exercise off such right of
way.
Section 44. Signals on starting, stopping or turning

• a) The driver of any vehicle upon a highway, before

starting, stopping or turning from a direct line, shall
first see that such movement can be made in safety,
and if any pedestrian may be affected by such
movement, shall give a clearly audible signal by
sounding the horn, and whenever the operation of
any other vehicle approaching or following may be
affected by such movement, shall give a signal
plainly visible to the driver of such other vehicles of
the intention to make such movement.
Section 44. Signals on starting, stopping or turning

• (b) The signal herein required shall be given

by means of extending the hand and arm
beyond the left side of the vehicle, or by an
approved mechanical or electrical signal
device.
Section 45. Turning at intersections

• (a) The drive of a vehicle intending to run to the right at an intersection

shall approach such intersection in the lane for traffic nearest to the
right-hand side of the highway and, in turning, shall keep as close as
possible to the right-hand curb or edge of the highway.

• (b) The driver of a vehicle intending to turn to the left shall approach
such intersection in the lane for traffic to the right of and nearest to the
center line of the highway, and, in turning, shall pass to the left of the
center of the intersection, except that, upon highways laned for traffic
and upon one-way highways, a left turn shall be made from the left lane
of traffic in the direction in which the vehicle is proceeding
Section 45. Turning at intersections. (cont’n)

• (c) For the purpose of this section, the

center of the intersection shall mean the
meeting point of the medial lines of the
highways intersecting one another, except
when it is occupied by a monument, grass plot
or any permanent structure, other than traffic
control device.
Section 46. Parking prohibited in specified places
• No driver shall park a vehicle, or permit it to stand, whether attended or unattended,
upon a highway in any of the following places:
• (a) Within an intersection
• (b) On a crosswalk
• (c) Within six meters of the intersection of curb lines.
• (d) Within four meters of the driveway entrance to and fire station.
• (e) Within four meters of fire hydrant
• (f) In front of a private driveway
• (g) On the roadway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at the curb or edge of the
highway
• (h) At any place where official signs have been erected prohibiting
parking.
Section 47. Parked vehicle

• Whenever a motor vehicle is parked

unattended on any highway, the driver
thereof must turn off the ignition switch
and stop the motor and notch effectively
the hand brake.
Section 48. Reckless driving

• No person shall operate a motor vehicle on any

highway recklessly or without reasonable caution
considering the width, traffic, grades, crossing,
curvatures, visibility and other conditions of the highway
and the conditions of the atmosphere and weather, or
so as to endanger the property or the safety or rights of
any person or so as to cause excessive or unreasonable
damage to the highway.
Section 49. Right of way for police and other
emergency vehicles
• - Upon the approach of any police or fire
department vehicle, or of an ambulance giving
audible signal, the driver of every other vehicle shall
immediately drive the same to a position as near as
possible and parallel to the right-hand edge or curb
of the highway, clear of any intersection of
highways, and shall stop and remain in such
position, unless otherwise directed by a peace
officer, until such vehicle shall have passed.
Section 51. Hitching to a
vehicle

• No person shall hang on to, ride on, the outside

or the rear end of any vehicle, and no person on a
bicycle, roller skate or other similar device, shall
hold fast to or hitch on to any moving vehicle, and
no driver shall knowingly permit any person to
hang on to or ride, the outside or rear end of his
vehicle or allow any person on a bicycle, roller
skate or other similar device to hold fast or hitch to
his vehicle.
Section 52. Driving or parking on sidewalk

• No person shall drive or park a motor

vehicle upon or along any sidewalk,
path or alley not intended for vehicular
traffic or parking.
Sec 53. Driving while under the influence of liquor or
narcotic drug

• No person shall drive a motor vehicle while

under the influence of liquor or narcotic drug.
Section 54. Obstruction of
traffic

• Noperson shall drive his motor vehicle in such

a manner as to obstruct or impede the
passage of any vehicle, nor, while discharging
or taking on passengers or loading or
unloading freight, obstruct the free passage of
other vehicles on the highway.
Section 55. Duty of driver in case of accident
• In the event that any accident should occur as a result
of the operation of a motor vehicle upon a highway, the
driver present, shall show his driver's license, give his
true name and address and also the true name and
address of the owner of the motor vehicle.

• No driver of a motor vehicle concerned in a vehicular

accident shall leave the scene of the accident without
aiding the victim.
except under any of the following circumstances

• 1. If he is in imminent danger of being seriously harmed by

any person or persons by reason of the accident;

• 2. If he reports the accident to the nearest officer of

the law; or

• 3. If he has to summon a physician or nurse to aid the

victim.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10054

-AN ACT MANDATING ALL MOTORCYCLE

RIDERS TO WEAR STANDARD
PROTECTIVE MOTORCYCLE HELMETS
WHILE DRIVING AND PROVIDING
PENALTIES THEREFOR.
Different Types of Motorcycle Helmet

HIGH CLASS MID CLASS LOW CLASS

Please avoid using this kind of helmets
Section 3. Mandatory Use of Motorcycle Helmets

All motorcycle riders, including drivers and back

riders, shall at all times wear standard protective
motorcycle helmets while driving, whether long or short
drives, in any type of road and highway. Standard
protective motorcycle helmets are appropriate types of
helmets for motorcycle riders that comply with the
specifications issued by the Department of Trade and
Industry.
Department of Trade and Industry issued authorize
stickers for Motorcycle helmets.
Unauthorized ICC Sticker for Helmet
Section 4. Exemption

Drivers of tricycles shall be

exempted from complying with the
mandatory wearing of motorcycle
helmets as provided in R.A. No.
10054.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8750

AN ACT REQUIRING THE MANDATORY

COMPLIANCE BY MOTORISTS OF PRIVATE
AND PUBLIC VEHICLES TO USE SEAT BELT
DEVICES, AND REQUIRING VEHICLE
MANUFACTURERS TO INSTALL SEAT BELT
DEVICES IN ALL THEIR MANUFACTURED
VEHICLES.
Section 4. Mandatory Use of Seat Belts.
For their own safety, the driver and front seat
passengers of a public or private motor vehicle are
required to wear or use their seat belt devices while
inside a vehicle of running engine on any road or
thoroughfare, provided, that for private vehicles,
except for jeeps, vans, buses and such other private
vehicles as may be determined in the Implementing
Rules and Regulations (IRR), front and back seat
passengers are likewise required to use their seat
belt devices at all times.
Section 4. Mandatory Use of Seat Belts. (cont’n)
 In the case of public motor vehicles, the driver shall be
required to immediately inform and require the front seat
passengers upon boarding a vehicle of running engine to wear the
prescribed seat belts. Any passenger who refuses to wear seat
belts shall not be allowed to continue his/her trip.

 For special public service vehicles such as school services and

other similar vehicles as may be determined by the IRR, seat belt
devices should be provided and used by both drivers and front
seat passengers as defined herein and the first row passengers
immediately behind the driver at all times while inside a vehicle of
running engine.
Section 5. Children Prohibited to Sit in Front Seat.

 Infants and/or children with ages six (6) years and below
shall be prohibited to sit in the front seat of any running
motor vehicle.
Heavy Trucks/Trailer Equipment
Blind Spot Corner
Motorcycle involved on Heavy Truck Road Accident
Motorcycle involved on Heavy Truck Road Accident
Motorcycle involved on Heavy Truck Road Accident
Motorcycle involved on Heavy Truck Road Accident
Motorcycle involved on Heavy Truck Road Accident
How to avoid on turning Heavy Trucks
Questions ?
What are the violations?

Reckless driving (allowing

underage child to ride on
a motorcycle/excess
passenger)

Reckless Driving
(Improper wearing of
helmet/Animal Welfare
Act)
Reckless driving (Driving
against the flow of traffic)

Reckless driving (excess

passenger/Passenger not
wearing helmet)
Allowing passenger on top
of motor vehicle

Reckless driving (excess

Passenger/Not wearing
helmet)
Allowing passengers on
top of motor vehicle
Questions?
Salamat po! ...Godspeed!!!