Chapter 1 fINAL

Chapter 1 Lesson 1:
THE MEANING OF
HISTORY,
SOURCES OF
HISTORICAL DATA,
AND HISTORICAL
CRITICISMS
Chapter 1
Lesson 1: THE
MEANING OF
HISTORY
LESSON 1: The meaning of
history
– Derived from the Greek word historia which means
learning by inquiry.
– The Greek philosopher Aristotle, looked upon history as
the systematic accounting of a set of natural
phenomena.
– Individuals who write about history are called historians.
LESSON 1: Limitation of
Historical Knowledge
– The incompleteness of records has limited man’s
knowledge of history.
– Most human affairs happen without leaving any evidence
or records if any kind, no artifacts, or if there are, no
further evidence of the human setting which to place
surviving artifacts.
– Historians study the records or evidences the survived
the time.
LESSON 1: History as the
subjective process of re-creation
– From the incomplete evidence, historians strive to
restore the total pas of mankind.
– The historians aim is verisimilitude(the truth,
authenticity, and plausibility) about a past.
– The study of history is a subjective process as documents
and relics are scattered and do not each together
comprise the total object that the historian is studying.
LESSON 1: Historical method
and Histography
– The process of critically examining and analyzing the records and
survivals of the past is called historical method.
– The imaginative reconstruction of the past from the data derived
by that process is called historiography.
– Historical analysis is also important element of historical method.
Historians : (1)Select the subject to investigate
(2)Collect probable sources of information
(3)Examine the sources genuineness
(4)Extract credible “particulars” from the sources
Activity #1
1. State an specific history in your life that you will never forget. Why did you
choose this scenario?
2. Why can we say that history is a process of Re-Creation?
3. How do you give meaning to a so called “history”? Explain.

Chapter 1
Lesson 2:
SOURCES OF
HISTORICAL
DATA
Lesson 2: Historical Data
– Historical data are sourced for the artifacts have been left by the past.
– Historical sources are those materials from which historians construct
meaning.
– Relics or “remains”, whose existence offer researchers a clue about the
past
– Testimonies of witnesses , whatever oral or written, may have been
created to serve as records or they have been created for some other
purposes
Lesson 2: Written Sources of
History
– Written sources are usually categorized in three ways:
– a. Narrative or Literature are chronicles or tracts presented in
narrative form.
– b. Diplomatic sources are understood to be those which
document/record and existing legal situation or create a new
one.
– c. Social documents are information pertaining to economic,
social, political, or judicial significance.
Lesson 2: Primary vs Secondary
Sources
– Primary Sources are original first-hand account of an event or
period that are usually written or made during or close to the
event period. (ex. Government records, diaries, journals,
etc.).
– Secondary Sources on the other hand, are materials made by
people long after the events being described had taken place
to provide valuable interpretations of historical events. (ex.
Biographies, histories, literary criticisms).
Lesson 2: Non-written sources of
history
– Unwritten sources are as essential as written sources. There
are two types:
– a. Material evidence, also known as archeological evidence is
one of the most important unwritten sources. (ex. Artistic
creations, jewelry, dwellings, churches, etc.).
– b. Oral evidence is also an important of information for
historians. (ex. Tales or sagas of ancient people and folk
songs).
Activity #2
1. Differentiate Primary source and Secondary Source in your own

understanding.
2. Why is historical data are so important in determining history.
3. Differentiate written history and non-written history in your own

understanding
Chapter 1
Lesson 3:
HISTORICAL
CRITICISM
Lesson 3: Historical Criticisms
– Historical Criticisms examines the origins of earliest text to

appreciate the underlying circumstances upon which the text
came to be.
– There are two parts to a historical criticism:
– a. External Criticism determines the authenticity of the source.
The authenticity of the material in two ways, by palaeographical
and diplomatic criticism.
– b. Internal Criticism determines the historicity of the facts
contained in the document.
Activity #3
1. What is historical criticism?
2. Discuss the importance of Historical Criticism
3. How can the writings of history be objective? Explain.

Chapter 2:
CONTENT AND
CONTEXTUAL
ANALYSISI OF
SELECTED
PRIMARY
SOURCES
Chapter 2
Lesson 1:
FIRST
VOYAGE IN
THE WORLD
Lesson 1: The first Voyage
around the world
– The first voyage around the world in human history, it
was a Spanish expedition that sailed from Seville in 1519
under the command of Ferdinand Magellan.
– A major breakthrough in perception of the Europeans
towards world geography.
– Lasted 3 years (1519-1522)
– Chronicled by Antonio Pigafetta.
FERDINAND
MAGELLAN
Portuguese explorer who
sailed, under Spain, to reach
Moluccas without crossing
Portuguese territory.
Proposed route to Moluccas
by sailing west and through
an Atlantic passage to the
Pacific could be found
Discovered Philippines
(named it Archipelago of St.
Lazarus).
Introduced Christianity in the
Philippines.
FIRST VOYAGE ROUTE
Activity #4
1. If the Spaniards didn’t came in our country what would be our life now?
Explain.
2. Why Pigaffeta received all the credits?
3. What are the other things that you think Spaniards gave us? Why did you say
so.
Chapter 2 Lesson
3: WORKS OF
JUAN LUNA
AND
FERNANDO
AMORSOLO
Lesson 3: Works of Juan Luna
and Fernando Amorsolo
– Historical Paintings are visual representations of concrete
happenings on the life of people in a specific period.
– Juan Luna(1857-1899) is best known for impressive rendition
of classical subjects in his academic works. These works
include historical scenes and portraiture.
– Fernando Amorsolo(19892-1972) delights people of his
impressionistic technique depicting idyllic country scenes,
beautiful maidens, and colorfully dressed peasants harvesting
rice.
SPOLARIUM 19TH CENTURY
JUAN LUNA
THE PARISIAN LIFE 1892
JUAN LUNA
ANTIPOLO FIESTA 1947
FERNANDO AMORSOLO
PALAY MAIDEN 1920
FERNANDO AMORSOLO
Activity #5
1. If you were to judge the paintings, give us your own rubrics.
2. If you were to be given a chance to be an artist, what art style you would stick?
Explain.
3. What are the reasons why these painters paint their paintings?
Chapter 2
Lesson 4: THE
POLITICAL
CARICATURES
Lesson 4: The political
caricatures
– The understanding of politics and society in a certain
period of time can be known and understand not only
through texts but also through cartoons or caricatures.
– Political Caricature is a type of drawing that is used to
present a comment, opinion, or criticism on a particular
event, person, and situation.
A NEW WRINKLE IN THE ART OF THEIVING
A NEW WRINKLE IN THE ART OF THEVING
MANILA: THE CORRUPTION OF THE CITY
CONVENIENT BLINDNESS
Activity 6
1. Explain the impact of doing political caricatures.
2. Pick one of the cartoons that is being drawn and explain what is the message
in that drawing.
3. Pick a current event and draw it by using caricature style of drawing.

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Chapter 1 Lesson 1:

2. Why can we say that history is a process of Re-Creation?

3. How do you give meaning to a so called “history”? Explain.

1. Differentiate Primary source and Secondary Source in your own

2. Why is historical data are so important in determining history.

3. Differentiate written history and non-written history in your own

– Historical Criticisms examines the origins of earliest text to

1. What is historical criticism?

2. Discuss the importance of Historical Criticism

3. How can the writings of history be objective? Explain.

2. Why Pigaffeta received all the credits?

1. If you were to judge the paintings, give us your own rubrics.

1. Explain the impact of doing political caricatures.

3. Pick a current event and draw it by using caricature style of drawing.

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