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    Overview of DHCP: DHCP - Dynamic Host Control Protocol

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    Sheharyaar Arshad
    DHCP is a network protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. A DHCP client broadcasts a request and DHCP servers offer IP addresses to clients from a pool of available addresses. The client selects an offer and acknowledges the assignment, obtaining a lease that allows use of the IP address for a specified duration. DHCP simplifies network administration while supporting device mobility and IP address reuse.

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    Overview of DHCP: DHCP - Dynamic Host Control Protocol

    Uploaded by

    Sheharyaar Arshad
    80 views20 pages
    DHCP is a network protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. A DHCP client broadcasts a request and DHCP servers offer IP addresses to clients from a pool of available addresses. The client selects an offer and acknowledges the assignment, obtaining a lease that allows use of the IP address for a specified duration. DHCP simplifies network administration while supporting device mobility and IP address reuse.

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    networking dhcp protocol

    Original Title

    DHCP

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    DHCP is a network protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. A DHCP client broadcasts a request and DHCP servers offer IP addresses to clients from a pool of available addresses. The client selects an offer and acknowledges the assignment, obtaining a lease that allows use of the IP address for a specified duration. DHCP simplifies network administration while supporting device mobility and IP address reuse.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    80 views20 pages

    Overview of DHCP: DHCP - Dynamic Host Control Protocol

    Uploaded by

    Sheharyaar Arshad
    DHCP is a network protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. A DHCP client broadcasts a request and DHCP servers offer IP addresses to clients from a pool of available addresses. The client selects an offer and acknowledges the assignment, obtaining a lease that allows use of the IP address for a specified duration. DHCP simplifies network administration while supporting device mobility and IP address reuse.

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    Overview of DHCP

    DHCP – DYNAMIC HOST CONTROL PROTOCOL


    Dynamic Assignment of IP
    addresses
     Dynamic assignment of IP addresses is desirable for
    several reasons:
    IP addresses are assigned on-demand
    Avoid manual IP configuration
    Support mobility of laptops
    Allocate IP address to a client on a lease.
    Lease :- amount of time that a given IP address will be valid for a
    computer.
     DHCP is a network protocol that is used to assign various
    network parameters to a device.
    This greatly simplifies administration, since there is no need to
    assign static network parameters for each device separately.
    DHCP is a client-server protocol.
    A client is a device that is configured to use DHCP to request
    network parameters from a DHCP server.
    DHCP server maintains a pool of available IP addresses and
    assigns one of them to the host.
    A DHCP server can also provide some other parameters, such
    as:
    • subnet mask
    • default gateway
    • domain name
    • DNS server
    Cisco routers can be used as a DHCP server
    Address Allocation

    1. Static Address Allocation


     DHCP work as BOOTP
     Backward Compatible to BOOTP
     Client request for static address
     A database statically bind to physical address to IP address
    2. Dynamic Address Allocation
     A second database with a pool of available IP addresses.
     Dynamically assign to clients.
     1. A DHCP client sends a broadcast packet (DHCP Discover)
    to discover DHCP servers on the LAN segment.
    2. The DHCP servers receive the DHCP Discover packet and
    respond with DHCP Offer packets, offering IP addressing
    information.
    3. If the client receives the DHCP Offer packets from multiple
    DHCP servers, the first DHCP Offer packet is accepted.
    The client responds by broadcasting a DHCP Request
    packet, requesting network parameters from a single
    server.
    4. The DHCP server approves the lease with a DHCP
    Acknowledgement packet. The packet includes the lease
    duration and other configuration information.
    DHCP Operation
    DHCP Message Types

    Value Message Type


    1 DHCPDISCOVER
    2 DHCPOFFER
    3 DHCPREQUEST
    4 DHCPDECLINE
    5 DHCPACK
    6 DHCPNAK
    7 DHCPRELEASE
    8 DHCPINFORM
    Message Types

     DHCPDISCOVER: Broadcast by a client to find available DHCP


    servers."
    DHCPOFFER: Response from a server to a DHCPDISCOVER and
    offering IP address and other parameters."
    DHCPREQUEST: Message from a client to servers that does one of
    the following:"
    Requests the parameters offered by one of the servers and
    declines all other offers."
    Verifies a previously allocated address after a system or network
    change (a reboot for example)."
    Requests the extension of a lease on a particular address.
     DHCPACK: Acknowledgement from server to client with parameters, including
    IP address."
    DHCPNACK: Negative acknowledgement from server to client, indicating that
    the client's lease has expired or that a requested IP address is incorrect."
    DHCPDECLINE: Message from client to server indicating that the offered
    address is already in use."
    DHCPRELEASE: Message from client to server canceling remainder of a lease
    and relinquishing network address."
    DHCPINFORM: Message from a client that already has an IP address
    (manually configured for example), requesting further configuration parameters
    from the DHCP server
     T\If the client receives one or more DHCPOFFER messages
    from one or more servers. "
    The client chooses one based on the configuration
    parameters offered and broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST
    message that includes the server identifier option to indicate
    which message it has selected and the requested IP
    address option, taken from your IP address in the selected
    offer."
    In the event that no offers are received, if the client has
    knowledge of a previous network address, the client may
    reuse that address if its lease is still valid, until the lease
    expires.
    Client Server Interactions

     The client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER message on its local


    physical subnet. "
    The DHCPDISCOVER message may include some options such
    as network address suggestion or lease duration."
    Each server may respond with a DHCPOFFER message that
    includes
    an available network address (your IP address) and other
    configuration options."
    The servers record the address as offered to the client to prevent
    the same address being offered to other clients in the event of
    further DHCPDISCOVER messages being received before the first
    client has completed its configuration
    DHCP Pros

     It relieves the network administrator of a great deal of manual


    configuration work. "
    The ability for a device to be moved from network to network
    and to
    automatically obtain valid configuration parameters for the current
    network can be of great benefit to mobile users."
    Because IP addresses are only allocated when clients are
    actually
    active, it is possible, by the use of reasonably short lease times and
    the fact that mobile clients do not need to be allocated more than
    one
    address, to reduce the total number of addresses in use in an
    organization
    DHCP Cons

     Uses UDP, an unreliable and insecure protocol.


    DNS cannot be used for DHCP configured hosts
    Overview of NAT

     NAT: Network Address Translation


    Private Network

     Private IP network is an IP network that is not directly


    connected to the Internet.
    IP addresses in a private network can be assigned arbitrarily.
    Not registered and not guaranteed to be globally unique

    Generally, private networks use addresses from the following


    experimental address ranges (non-routable addresses):
    10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
    172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
    192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
    Private Addresses

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