II. Captains An Master To 4. Rights

II.
Captains and Master

1. Qualifications and Licensing
• Article 609
• Captains and masters of vessels must be Spaniards * having legal capacity
to bind themselves in accordance with this Code, and must prove that they
have the skill, capacity, and qualifications required to command and direct
the vessel, as established by marine laws, ordinances, or regulations, or by
those of navigation, and that they are not disqualified according to the
same for the discharge of the duties of that position.
• If the owner of a vessel desires to be the captain thereof and does not have
the legal qualifications therefor, he shall limit himself to the financial
administration of the vessel, and shall intrust her navigation to a person
possessing the qualifications required by said ordinances and regulation.
• Republic Act No. 9295
• AN ACT PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE DOMESTIC

SHIPPING, SHIPBUILDING, SHIP REPAIR AND SHIP BREAKING,
ORDAINING REFORMS IN GOVERNMENT POLICIES TOWARDS
SHIPPING IN THE PHILIPPINES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
Republic Act No. 9295
• SEC. 9. Safety Standards
• All vessels operate by domestic ship operators shall at all times be in
seaworthy condition properly equipped with adequate life-saving,
communication, safety and other equipment operated and
maintained in accordance with the standards set by MARINA, and
manned by duly licensed and competent vessel crew.
• The MARINA shall have the power to inspect vessels and all
equipment on board to ensure compliance with safety standards.
• REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10635
• AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE MARITIME INDUSTRY AUTHORITY
(MARINA) AS THE SINGLE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF
THE 1978 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON STANDARDS OF
TRAINING, CERTIFICATION AND WATCHKEEPING FOR SEAFARERS, AS
AMENDED, AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS OR COVENANTS
RELATED THERETO
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10635
• Section 3. MARINA as the Single Maritime Administration.—The
MARINA, created under Presidential Decree. No. 474, as amended,
shall be the single maritime administration mandated to implement
and enforce the 1978 International Convention on Standards of
Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers. It shall carry
out an effective regulatory framework conducive to the efficiency,
transparency and competitiveness of the Philippine seafaring
industry.
• Section 4. Powers and Functions of the MARINA.—In addition to the
mandate of the MARINA under Presidential Decree No. 474, as
amended, and in order to carry out the provisions of this Act, the
MARINA shall exercise the following powers and functions:
• (a) Act as the single and central maritime administration for all
purposes relating to compliance with the STCW Convention.
• (b) Administer and ensure the effective implementation of the STCW
Convention; including all international conventions or agreements
implementing or applying the same, as well as international maritime
safety conventions or agreements that it seeks to promote
compliance with.
• (c) Assume all powers and functions of the Professional Regulation
Commission (PRC), the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), the
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), the
Department of Health (DOH) and the National Telecommunications
Commission (NTC) relative to the issuance, validation, verification,
correction, revocation or cancellation of certificates of competency,
endorsement, proficiency and documentary evidence required of all
seafarers and all such other matters pertaining to the implementation
of the STCW Convention, subject to the following:
• (1) The MARINA shall ensure that the examination, licensing and
certification system for marine deck and engine officers are in accordance
with the requirements prescribed under the STCW Convention. All powers,
duties and functions of the PRC on examination, licensing and certification
system for marine deck and engine officers as provided in Republic Act No.
8544, otherwise known as "The Philippine Merchant Marine Officers Act of
1998", shall henceforth be exercised by the MARINA. The compensation
and allowances of the Board of Marine Deck Officers and Marine Engine
Officers under Article TV, Section 8 of Republic Act No. 8544 shall, however,
be comparable to the compensation and allowances being received by the
chairpersons and members of other existing regulatory boards under the
PRC and as provided in the General Appropriations Act.
• (2) The MARINA shall adopt rules and regulations, in accordance with
the STCW Convention, governing able-bodied deck and engine ratings
including:
(i) Monitoring and verification of compliance with the standards of ratings;
(ii) Harmonization of the procedures for periodic evaluation, assessment
and monitoring activities undertaken by accredited institutions with
registered programs for ratings; and
(iii) Issuance of certificates of proficiency to ratings.
• (3) The MARINA shall ensure that all legal and administrative
measures relative to the issuance of certificates of competency of
GMDSS radio operators are in accordance with the STCW Convention.
For this purpose, the MARINA shall assess, revalidate and issue
GMDSS radio operator’s certificate in accordance with the provisions
under the STCW Convention.
• (4) The MARINA shall ensure that all maritime education, including
the curricula and training programs, are structured and delivered in
accordance with the written programs, methods and media of
delivery, procedures, and course materials compliant with
international standards as prescribed under the STCW Convention.
For this purpose, the MARINA shall:
(i) Chair the Technical Panel on Maritime Education (TPME) of the CHED; the
TPME shall among others, formulate, review and recommend to the
CHED en banc all policies, standards, and guidelines for maritime education,
including curricula, facilities and guidelines;
(ii) Monitor and verify, in coordination with the CHED, compliance with the
policies, standards, and guidelines of maritime education in the conduct of
maritime education and training programs;-
• (iii) Review and harmonize the procedures for periodic evaluation, assessment
and monitoring of all maritime education and training institutions in accordance
with the standards of the CHED and other recognized international organizations;
• (iv) Develop, formulate and recommend for implementation, strict quality
assurance mechanisms and relevant typology for maritime education programs
and institutions;
• (v) Recommend to the CHED en banc the closure/phase-out of substandard
maritime education institutions, in accordance with the rules and regulations, as
well as recommend alternative schemes or options for the affected maritime
educational institution;
• (vi) Maintain an updated list of compliant and phased-out maritime education
and training programs, publish such lists in appropriate media, and provide the
public with a clear understanding of the consequences of enrolling in a phased-
out program;
• (5) The MARINA shall coordinate with the DOH to ensure that the medical
standards established to ascertain the medical fitness of seafarers are in
accordance with the international conventions/treaties and existing laws.
For this purpose, the MARINA shall:
(i) Ensure that the medical examinations and issuance of medical certificates by the
DOH accredited hospitals, medical clinics, and laboratories, including medical
practitioners are in accordance with the standards prescribed by the STCW
Convention; and
(ii) Ensure that medical certificates are issued by a duly-qualified medical
practitioner recognized by and accredited with the DOH, and for this purpose, a
register of recognized medical practitioners shall be maintained and made
available to seafarers, shipping companies and State parties to the STCW
Convention,
1987 STCW Convention (with 2010 Manila
Amendments), Annex, Chapter II
• Standards regarding the master and deck department
• Section A-II/1
• Mandatory minimum requirements for certification of officers in
charge of a navigational watch on ships of 500 gross tonnage or more
• Standard of competence
1. Every candidate for certification shall:
.1 be required to demonstrate the competence to undertake, at the
operational level, the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of
table A-II/1;
.2 at least hold the appropriate certificate for performing VHF
radiocommunications in accordance with the requirements of the Radio
Regulations; and
.3 if designated to have primary responsibility for radiocommunications
during distress incidents, hold the appropriate certificate issued or
recognized under the provisions of the Radio Regulations.
2. The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required
for certification is listed in column 2 of table A-II/1.
3. The level of knowledge of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-
II/1 shall be sufficient for officers of the watch to carry out their
watchkeeping duties.*
4. Training and experience to achieve the necessary level of
theoretical knowledge, understanding and proficiency shall be
based on section A-VIII/2, part 4-1 – Principles to be observed in
keeping a navigational watch – and shall also take into account the
relevant requirements of this part and the guidance given in part B
of this Code.
5. Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide
evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence in
accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the
criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of
table A-II/1.
Onboard training
6. Every candidate for certification as officer in charge of a navigational watch of
ships of 500 gross tonnage or more whose seagoing service, in accordance with
paragraph 2.2 of regulation II/1, forms part of a training programme approved as
meeting the requirements of this section shall follow an approved programme of
onboard training which:
.1 ensures that, during the required period of seagoing service, the
candidate receives systematic practical training and experience in the tasks,
duties and responsibilities of an officer in charge of a navigational watch,
taking into account the guidance given in section B-II/1 of this Code;
.2 is closely supervised and monitored by qualified officers aboard the ships
in which the approved seagoing service is performed; and
.3 is adequately documented in a training record book or similar
document.*
• Near-coastal voyages
7.The following subjects may be omitted from those listed in column 2
of table A-II/1 for issue of restricted certificates for service on near-
coastal voyages, bearing in mind the safety of all ships which may be
operating in the same waters:
.1 celestial navigation; and
.2 those electronic systems of position fixing and navigation that
do not cover the waters for which the certificate is to be valid.
2. Powers and Duties
• Article 610
• The following powers are inherent in the position of captain or master of a vessel:
1. To appoint or make contracts with the crew in the absence of the agent and
propose said crew, should said agent be present; but the agent shall not be
permitted to employ any member against the captain's express refusal.
2. To command the crew and direct the vessel to the port of its destination, in
accordance with the instructions he may have received from the agent.
3. To impose, in accordance with the agreements and the laws and regulations of
the merchants marine, on board the vessel, correctional punishment upon
those who do not comply with his orders or who conduct themselves against
discipline, holding a preliminary investigation on the crimes committed on
board the vessel on the high seas, which shall be turned over to the
authorities, who are to take cognizance thereof, at the first port touched.
Article 610
4. To make contracts for the charter of the vessel in the absence of the
agent or of her consignee, acting in accordance with the instructions
received and protecting the interests of the owner most carefully.
5. To adopt all the measures which may be necessary to keep the vessel
well supplied and equipped, purchasing for the purpose all that may be
necessary, provided there is no time to request instructions of the agent.
6. To make, in similar urgent cases and on a voyage, the repairs to the hull
and engines of the vessel and to her rigging and equipment which are
absolutely necessary in order for her to be able to continue and conclude
her voyage; but if she should arrive at a point where there is a consignee
of the vessel, he shall act in concurrence with the latter.
Article 611
• In order to comply with the obligations mentioned in the foregoing
article, the captain, when he has no funds and does not expect to
receive any from the agent, shall procure the same in the successive
order stated below:
1. By requesting said funds of the consignees or correspondents of a
vessel.
2. By applying to the consignees of the cargo or to the persons
interested therein.
3. By drawing on the agent.
Article 611
4. By borrowing the amount required by means of a
bottomry bond.
5. By selling a sufficient amount of the cargo to cover the
amount absolutely necessary to repair the vessel, and to equip
her to pursue the voyage.
• In the two latter cases he must apply to the judicial authority of the
port, if in Spain * and to the Spanish * consul, if in a foreign country;
and where there should be none, to the local authority, proceeding in
accordance with the prescriptions of Article 583, and with the
provisions of the law of civil procedure.
Article 612
The following obligations are inherent in the office of captain:
1. To have on board before starting on a voyage a detailed inventory of the hull,
engines, rigging, tackle, stores, and other equipments of the vessel; the
navigation certificate; the roll of the persons who make up the crew of the
vessel, and the contracts entered into with the crew; the list of passengers; the
health certificate; the certificate of the registry proving the ownership of the
vessel, and all the obligations which encumber the same up to that date; the
charters or authenticated copies thereof; the invoices or manifest of the cargo,
and the instrument of the expert visit or inspection, should it have been made
at the port of departure.
2. To have a copy of this Code on board.
3. To have three folioed and stamped books, placing at the beginning of each one
a note of the number of folios it contains, signed by the maritime official, and
in his absence by the competent authority.
Article 612
• In the first book, which shall be called "log book," he shall enter every day
the condition of the atmosphere, the prevailing winds, the course sailed,
the rigging carried, the horsepower of the engines, the distance covered,
the maneuvers executed, and other incidents of navigation. He shall also
enter the damage suffered by the vessel in her hull, engines, rigging, and
tackle, no matter what is its cause, as well as the imperfections and
averages of the cargo, and the effects and consequence of the jettison,
should there be any; and in cases of grave resolutions which require the
advice or a meeting of the officers of the vessel, or even of the passengers
and crew, he shall record the decision adopted. For the informations
indicated he shall make use of the binnacle book, and of the steam or
engine book kept by the engineer.
Article 612
• In the second book, called the "accounting book," he shall enter all
the amounts collected and paid for the account of the vessel,
entering specifically article by article, the sources of the collection,
and the amounts invested in provisions, repairs, acquisition of rigging
or goods, fuel, outfits, wages, and all other expenses. He shall
furthermore enter therein a list of all the members of the crew,
stating their domiciles, their wages and salaries, and the amounts
they may have received on account, either directly or by delivery to
their families.
Article 612
• In the third book, called "freight book," he shall record the entry and
exit of all the goods, stating their marks and packages, names of the
shippers and of the consignees, ports of loading and unloading, and
the freight earned. In the same book he shall record the names and
places of sailing of the passengers and the number of packages of
which their baggage consists, and the price of the passage.
Article 612
1. To make, before receiving the freight, with the officers of the crew,
and the two experts, if required by the shippers and passengers, an
examination of the vessel, in order to ascertain whether she is
watertight, and whether the rigging and engines are in good
condition; and if she has the equipment required for good
navigation, preserving a certificate of the memorandum of this
inspection, signed by all the persons who may have taken part
therein, under their liability.
Article 612
• The experts shall be appointed one by the captain of the vessel and
the other one by the persons who request the examination, and in
case of disagreement a third shall be appointed by the marine
authority of the port.
Article 612
1. To remain constantly on board the vessel with the crew during the time
the freight is taken on board and carefully watch the stowage thereof;
not to consent to any merchandise or goods of a dangerous character to
be taken on, such as inflammable or explosive substances, without the
precautions which are recommended for their packing, management and
isolation; not to permit that any freight be carried on deck which by
reason of its disposition, volume, or weight makes the work of the sailors
difficult, and which might endanger the safety of the vessel; and if, on
account of the nature of the merchandise, the special character of the
shipment, and principally the favorable season it takes place, he allows
merchandise to be carried on deck, he must hear the opinion of the
officers of the vessel, and have the consent of the shippers and of the
agent.
Article 612
2. To demand a pilot at the expense of the vessel whenever required by
navigation, and principally when a port, canal, or river, or a roadstead
or anchoring place is to be entered with which neither he, the officers
nor the crew are acquainted.
3. To be on deck at the time of sighting land and to take command on
entering and leaving ports, canals, roadsteads, and rivers, unless there
is a pilot on board discharging his duties. He shall not spend the night
away from the vessel except for serious causes or by reason of official
business.
Article 612
4. To present himself, when making a port in distress, to the maritime
authority if in Spain * and to the Spanish * consul if in a foreign country,
before twenty-four hours have elapsed, and make a statement of the name,
registry, and port of departure of the vessel, of its cargo, and reason of
arrival, which declaration shall be vised by the authority or by the consul if
after examining the same it is found to be acceptable, giving the captain the
proper certificate in order to show his arrival under stress and the reasons
therefor. In the absence of marine officials or of the consul, the declaration
must be made before the local authority.
5. To take the steps necessary before the competent authority in order to
enter in the certificate of the Commercial Registry of the vessel the
obligations which he may contract in accordance with Article 583.
Article 612
6. To put in a safe place and keep all the papers and belongings of any
members of the crew who might die on the vessel, drawing up a
detailed inventory, in the presence of passengers as witnesses, and, in
their absence, of members of the crew.
7. To conduct himself according to the rules and precepts contained in
the instructions of the agent, being liable for all that he may do in
violation thereof.
Article 612
8. To give an account to the agent from the port where the vessel
arrives, of the reason thereof, taking advantage of the semaphore,
telegraph, mail, etc., according to the cases; notify him the freight he
may have received, stating the name and domicile of the shippers,
freight earned, and amounts borrowed on bottomry bond, advise him
of his departure, and give him any information and data which may be
of interest.
9. To observe the rules on the situation of lights and evolutions to
prevent collisions.
Article 612
10. To remain on board in case of danger to the vessel, until all hope to save
her is lost, and before abandoning her to hear the officers of the crew,
abiding by the decision of the majority; and if he should have to take a boat
he shall take with him, before anything else, the books and papers, and then
the articles of most value, being obliged to prove in case of the loss of the
books and papers that he did all he could to save them.
11. In case of wreck he shall make the proper protest in due form at the first
port reached, before the competent authority or the Spanish * consul, within
twenty-four hours, stating therein all the incidents of the wreck, in
accordance with case 8 of this article.
12. To comply with the obligations imposed by the laws and rules of
navigation, customs, health, and others.
Article 622
• If when on a voyage the captain should receive news of the
appearance of privateers or men of war against his flag, he shall be
obliged to make the nearest neutral port, inform his agent or
shippers, and await an occasion to sail under convoy or until the
danger is over or to receive final orders from the agent or shippers.
Article 624
• A captain whose vessel has gone through a hurricane or who believes
that the cargo has suffered damages or averages, shall make a protest
thereon before the competent authority at the first port he touches
within the twenty-four hours following his arrival, and shall ratify it
within the same period when he arrives at the place of his
destination, immediately proceeding with the proof of the facts, it not
being permitted to open the hatches until this has been done.
• The captain shall proceed in the same manner if, the vessel having
been wrecked, he is saved alone or with part of his crew, in which
case he shall appear before the nearest authority, and make a sworn
statement of the facts.
Article 624
• The authority or the consul abroad shall verify the said facts, receiving
a sworn statement of the members of the crew and passengers who
may have been saved, and taking the other steps which may assist in
arriving at the facts, drafting a certificate of the result of the
proceedings in the log book and in that of the sailing mate, and shall
deliver the original records of the proceedings to the captain,
stamped and folioed, with a memorandum of the folios, which he
must rubricate, for their presentation to the judge or court of the port
of destination.
• The statement of the captain shall be believed if it is in accordance
with those of the crew and passengers; if they disagree, the latter
shall be accepted, unless there is proof to the contrary.
Article 625
• The captain, under his personal liability, as soon as he arrives at the
port of destination, obtains the necessary permission from the health
and customs officers and fulfills the other formalities required by the
regulations of the administration, shall turn over the cargo, without
any defalcation, to the consignees, and, in a proper case, the vessel,
rigging, and freights to the agent.
• If, by reason of the absence of the consignee or on account of the
nonappearance of a legal holder of the invoices, the captain does not
know to whom he is to make the legal delivery of the cargo, he shall
place it at the disposal of the proper judge or court or authority, in
order that he may decide with regard to its deposit, preservation, and
custody.
3. Prohibited acts and transactions
• Article 613
• A captain who navigates for freight in common or on shares can not
make any transaction for his exclusive account, and should he do so
the profit shall belong to the other persons in interest, and the losses
shall be for his own exclusive account.
Article 614
• A captain who, having made an agreement to make a voyage, should
not fulfill his obligation, without being prevented by an accident case
or by force majeure, shall pay for all the losses his action may cause,
without prejudice to criminal penalties which may be proper.
Article 615
• Without the consent of the agent, the captain can not have himself
substituted by another person; and should he do so, besides being
liable for all the acts of the substitute and bound to the indemnities
mentioned in the foregoing article, the substitute as well as the
captain may be discharged by the agent.
Article 617
• The captain can not contract loans on respondentia, and should he do
so the contracts shall be void.
• Neither can he borrow money on bottomry for his own transactions,
except on the portion of the vessel he owns, provided no money has
been previously borrowed on the whole vessel, and provided there
does not exist any other kind of lien or obligation thereon. When he is
permitted to do so, he must necessarily state what interest he has in
the vessel.
• In case of violation of this article the principal, interest, and costs shall
be charged to the private account of the captain, and the agent may
furthermore have the right to discharge him.
Article 621
• A captain who borrows money on bottomry, or who pledges or sells
merchandise or provisions in other cases and without the formalities
prescribed in this Code, shall be liable for the principle, interest, and
costs, and shall indemnify for the damages he may cause.
• The captain who commits fraud in his accounts shall reimburse the
amount defrauded, and shall be subject to the provisions contained in
the Penal Code.
Article 583
• If the ship being on a voyage the captain should find it necessary to
contract one or more of the obligations mentioned in Nos. 8 and 9 of
Article 580, he shall apply to the judge or court if he is in Spanish *
territory, and otherwise to the consul of Spain, * should there be one,
and, in his absence to the judge or court or to the proper local
authority, presenting the certificate of the registry of the vessel
treated of in Article 612, and the instruments proving the obligation
contracted.
Article 583
• The judge or court, the consul or the local authority as the case may
be, in view of the result of the proceedings instituted, shall make a
temporary memorandum in the certificate of their result, in order
that it may be recorded in the registry when the vessel returns to the
port of her registry, or so that it can be admitted as a legal and
preferred obligation in case of sale before the return, by reason of the
sale of the vessel by virtue of a declaration of unseaworthiness.
• The lack of this formality shall make the captain personally liable to
the creditors who may be prejudiced through his fault.
III. Other Officers and Crew
1. Qualifications and licensing
• REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10635, Sections 3 and 4
Amendments), Annex, Chapters III to VI
• CHAPTER III
• Standards regarding engine department
• Section A-III/1
• Mandatory minimum requirements for certification of officers in
charge of an engineering watch in a manned engine-room or as
designated duty engineers in a periodically unmanned engine-room
Amendments), Annex, Chapter III
• Training
1. The education and training required by paragraph 2.4 of regulation
III/1 shall include training in mechanical and electrical workshop skills
relevant to the duties of an engineer officer.
• Onboard training
2. Every candidate for certification as officer in charge of an
engineering watch in a manned engine-room or as designated duty
engineer in a periodically unmanned engine-room of ships powered by
main propulsion machinery of 750 kW or more whose seagoing service,
in accordance with paragraph 2.2 of regulation III/1, forms part of a
training programme approved as meeting the requirements of this
section shall follow an approved programme of onboard training
which:
.1 ensures that, during the required period of seagoing service,
the candidate receives systematic practical training and
experience in the tasks, duties and responsibilities of an
officer in charge of an engine-room watch, taking into account
the guidance given in section B-III/1 of this Code;
.2 is closely supervised and monitored by a qualified and
certificated engineer officer aboard the ships in which the
approved seagoing service is performed; and
.3 is adequately documented in a training record book.
3. Every candidate for certification as officer in charge of an
engineering watch in a manned engine-room or as designated duty
engineer in a periodically unmanned engine-room on a seagoing ship
powered by main propulsion machinery of 750 kW propulsion power or
more shall be required to demonstrate ability to undertake, at the
operational level, the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column
1 of table A-III/1.
4. The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required

for certification is listed in column 2 of table A-III/1.
5. The level of knowledge of the material listed in column 2 of table A-
III/1 shall be sufficient for engineer officers to carry out their
watchkeeping duties.*
6. Training and experience to achieve the necessary theoretical

knowledge, understanding and proficiency shall be based on section A-
VIII/2, part 4-2 Principles to be observed in keeping an engineering
watch, and shall take into account the relevant requirements of this
part and the guidance given in part B of this Code.
7. Candidates for certification for service in ships in which steam
boilers do not form part of their machinery may omit the relevant
requirements of table A-III/1. A certificate awarded on such a basis
shall not be valid for service on ships in which steam boilers form part
of a ship’s machinery until the engineer officer meets the standard of
competence in the items omitted from table A-III/1. Any such limitation
shall be stated on the certificate and in the endorsement.
8. The Administration may omit knowledge requirements for types of
propulsion machinery other than those machinery installations for
which the certificate to be awarded shall be valid. A certificate awarded
on such a basis shall not be valid for any category of machinery
installation which has been omitted until the engineer officer proves to
be competent in these knowledge requirements. Any such limitation
shall be stated on the certificate and in the endorsement.
9. Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide
evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence in
table A-III/1.
Near-coastal voyages
10. The requirements of paragraphs 2.2 to 2.5 of regulation III/1

relating to level of knowledge, understanding and proficiency required
under the different sections listed in column 2 of table A-III/1 may be
varied for engineer officers of ships powered by main propulsion
machinery of less than 3,000 kW propulsion power engaged on near-
coastal voyages, as considered necessary, bearing in mind the effect on
the safety of all ships which may be operating in the same waters. Any
such limitation shall be stated on the certificate and in the
endorsement.
Amendments), Annex, Chapter IV
• Standards regarding radio operators
• Section A-IV/1
• Application
• (No provisions)
• Section A-IV/2
• Mandatory minimum requirements for certification of GMDSS radio
operators
1. The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required for
certification of GMDSS radio operators shall be sufficient for radio operators
to carry out their radio duties. The knowledge required for obtaining each
type of certificate defined in the Radio Regulations shall be in accordance
with those regulations. In addition, every candidate for certification of
competency shall be required to demonstrate ability to undertake the tasks,
duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-IV/2.
2. The knowledge, understanding and proficiency for endorsement under the
Convention of certificates issued under the provisions of the Radio
Regulations are listed in column 2 of table A-IV/2.
3. The level of knowledge of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-IV/2
shall be sufficient for the candidate to carry out his duties*.
4. Every candidate shall provide evidence of having achieved the required

standard of competence through:
.1 demonstration of competence to perform the tasks and duties and
to assume responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-IV/2, in
that table; and
.2 examination or continuous assessment as part of an approved
course of training based on the material set out in column 2 of table
A-IV/2.
Amendments), Annex, Chapter V
• Standards regarding special training requirements for personnel on
certain types of ships
• Section A-V/1-1
• Mandatory minimum requirements for the training and qualifications
of masters, officers and ratings on oil and chemical tankers
1. Every candidate for certification in basic training for oil and chemical
tanker cargo operations shall be required to:
.1 demonstrate the competence to undertake the tasks, duties and
responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-V/1-1-1; and
.2 provide evidence of having achieved:
.2.1 the minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency listed in column 2 of table A-
V/1-1-1, and
.2.2 the required standard of competence in accordance with the methods for
demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in
columns 3 and 4 of table A-V/1-1-1.
2. Every candidate for certification in advanced training for oil tanker
cargo operations shall be required to:
V/1-1-2, and
3. Every candidate for certification in advanced training for chemical
tanker cargo operations shall be required to:
V/1-1-3, and
Amendments), Annex, Chapter VI
• Standards regarding emergency, occupational safety, security,

medical care and survival functions
• Section A-VI/1
• Mandatory minimum requirements for safety familiarization, basic
training and instruction for all seafarers
• Safety familiarization training
1. Before being assigned to shipboard duties, all persons employed or
engaged on a seagoing ship, other than passengers, shall receive
approved familiarization training in personal survival techniques or
receive sufficient information and instruction, taking account of the
guidance given in part B, to be able to:
.1 communicate with other persons on board on elementary safety matters and
understand safety information symbols, signs and alarm signals;
.2 know what to do if:
.2.1 a person falls overboard,
.2.2 fire or smoke is detected, or
.2.3 the fire or abandon ship alarm is sounded;
.3 identify muster and embarkation stations and emergency escape routes;
.4 locate and don lifejackets;
.5 raise the alarm and have basic knowledge of the use of portable fire extinguishers;
.6 take immediate action upon encountering an accident or other medical emergency
before seeking further medical assistance on board; and
.7 close and open the fire, weathertight and watertight doors fitted in the particular
ship other than those for hull openings.
• Basic training*
2. Seafarers employed or engaged in any capacity on board ship on the
business of that ship as part of the ship’s complement with designated
safety or pollution-prevention duties in the operation of the ship shall,
before being assigned to any shipboard duties:
.1 receive appropriate approved basic training or instruction in:
.1.1 personal survival techniques as set out in table A-VI/1-1,
.1.2 fire prevention and fire fighting as set out in table A-VI/1-2,
.1.3 elementary first aid as set out in table A-VI/1-3, and
.1.4 personal safety and social responsibilities as set out in table A-VI/1-4;
.2 be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of
competence to undertake the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column
1 of tables A-VI/1-1, A-VI/1-2, A-VI/1-3 and A-VI/1-4 through:
.2.1 demonstration of competence, in accordance with the methods and the criteria for
evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of those tables, and
.2.2 examination or continuous assessment as part of an approved training programme in
the subjects listed in column 2 of those tables.
3. Seafarers qualified in accordance with paragraph 2 in basic training
shall be required, every five years, to provide evidence of having
maintained the required standard of competence, to undertake the
tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of tables A-VI/1-1
and A-VI/1-2.
4. Parties may accept onboard training and experience for maintaining

the required standard of competence in the following areas:
.1 personal survival techniques as set out in table A-VI/1-1:
.1.1 don a lifejacket;
.1.2 board a survival craft from the ship, while wearing a lifejacket;
.1.3 take initial actions on boarding a lifeboat to enhance chance of survival;
.1.4 stream a lifeboat drogue or sea-anchor;
.1.5 operate survival craft equipment; and
.1.6 operate location devices, including radio equipment;
.2 fire prevention and fire fighting as set out in table A-VI/1-2:
.2.1 use self-contained breathing apparatus; and
.2.2 effect a rescue in a smoke-filled space, using an approved smoke-generating device
aboard, while wearing a breathing apparatus.
• Exemptions
5. The Administration may, in respect of ships other than passenger
ships of more than 500 gross tonnage engaged on international
voyages and tankers, if it considers that a ship’s size and the length or
character of its voyage are such as to render the application of the full
requirements of this section unreasonable or impracticable, exempt to
that extent the seafarers on such a ship or class of ships from some of
the requirements, bearing in mind the safety of people on board, the
ship and property and the protection of the marine environment.
2. Contracts and Formalities
• Article 634
• The captain may make up his crew with the number he may consider
advisable, and in the absence of Spanish * sailors he may ship
foreigners residing in the country, the number thereof not to exceed
one-fifth of the total crew. If in foreign ports the captain should not
find a sufficient number of Spanish * sailors, he may make up the
crew with foreigners, with the consent of the consul or marine
authorities.
Article 634
• The agreements which the captain may make with the members of
the crew and others who go to make up the complement of the
vessels, to which reference is made in Article 612, must be reduced to
writing in the account book without the intervention of a notary
public or clerk, signed by the parties thereto, and vised by the marine
authority if they are executed in Spanish * territory, or by the consuls
or consular agents of Spain * if executed abroad, stating therein all
the obligations which each one contracts and all the rights they
acquire, said authorities taking care that these obligations and rights
are recorded in a concise and clear manner, which will not give rise to
doubts or claims.
Article 634
• The captain shall take care to read to them the articles of this Code,
which concern them, stating that they were read in the said
document.
• If the book includes the requisites prescribed in Article 612, and there
should not appear any signs of alterations in its clauses, it shall be
admitted as evidence in questions which may arise between the
captain and the crew with regard to the agreements contained
therein and the amounts paid on account of the same.
• Every member of the crew may request a copy of the captain, signed
by the latter, of the agreement and of the liquidation of his wages, as
they appear in the book.
3. Duties and Liabilities
• Article 635
• A sailor who has been contracted to serve on a vessel can not rescind
his contract nor fail to comply therewith except by reason of a
legitimate impediment which may have occurred.
• Neither can he pass from the service of one vessel to another without
obtaining the written consent of the vessel on which he may be.
• If, without obtaining said permission, the sailor who has signed for
one vessel should sign for another one, the second contract shall be
void, and the captain may choose between forcing him to fulfill the
service to which he first bound himself or look for a person to
substitute him at his expense.
Article 635
• Said sailor shall furthermore lose the wages earned on his first
contract to the benefit of the vessel for which he may have signed.
• A captain who, knowing that a sailor is in the service of another
vessel, should have made a new agreement with him, without having
requested the permission referred to in the foregoing paragraphs,
shall be personally liable to the captain of the vessel to which the
sailor first belonged for that part of the indemnity, referred to in the
third paragraph of this article, which the sailor could not pay.
4. Rights
• Article 636
• Should a fixed period for which a sailor has signed not be stated, he
can not be discharged until the end of the return voyage to the port
where he enrolled.
Article 637
• Neither can the captain discharge a sailor during the time of his
contract except for sufficient cause, the following being considered as
such:
1. The perpetration of a crime which disturbs order on the vessel.
2. Repeated offenses of insubordination, against discipline, or against the
fulfillment of the service.
3. Repeated incapacity or negligence in the fulfillment of the service to be
rendered.
4. Habitual drunkenness.
5. Any occurrence which incapacitates the sailor to carry out the work under his
charge, with the exception of the provisions contained in Article 644.
6. Desertion.
Article 637
• The captain may, however, before setting out on a voyage and
without giving any reason whatsoever, refuse to permit a sailor he
may have engaged from going on board and may leave him on land, in
which case he will be obliged to pay him his wages as if he had
rendered services.
• This indemnity shall be paid from the funds of the vessel if the
captain should have acted for reasons of prudence and in the interest
of the safety and good service of the former. Should this not be the
case, it shall be paid by the captain personally.
Article 637
• After the vessel has sailed, and during the voyage and until the
conclusion thereof, the captain can not abandon any member of his
crew on land or on the sea, unless, by reason of being guilty of some
crime, his imprisonment and delivery to the competent authority is
proper in the first port touched, which will be obligatory on the
captain.
Article 638
• If, the crew having been engaged, the voyage is revoked by the will of
the agent or of the charterers before or after the vessel has put to sea
or if the vessel is in the same manner given a different destination
than that fixed in the agreement with the crew, the latter shall be
indemnified because of the rescission of the contract according to the
case, viz:
1. If the revocation of the voyage should be decided before the departure of
the vessel from the port, each sailor engaged shall be given one month's salary,
besides what may be due him in accordance with his contract, for the services
rendered to the vessel up to the date of the revocation.
Article 638
2. If the agreement should have been for a fixed amount for the whole voyage,
there shall be graduated what may be due for said month and days, calculating
the same in proportion to the estimated duration of the voyage, in the
judgment of experts, in the manner established in the law of civil procedure;
and if the proposed voyage should be of such short duration that it is calculated
at one month more or less, the indemnity shall be fixed for fifteen days,
discounting in all cases the sums advanced.
Article 638
3. If the revocation should take place after the vessel has put to sea, the sailors
engaged for a fixed amount for the voyage shall receive the salary which may
have been offered them in full as if the voyage had terminated, and those
engaged by the month shall receive the amount corresponding to the time they
might have been on board and to the time they may require to arrive at the
port of destination, the captain being obliged, furthermore, to pay said sailors
the passage to the said port or to the port of sailing of the vessel, as may be
convenient for them.
Article 638
4. If the agent or the charterers of the vessel should give said vessel a
destination other than that fixed in the agreement, and the members of the
crew should not agree thereto, they shall be given by way of indemnity half the
amount fixed in case No. 1, besides what may be owed them for the part of the
monthly wages corresponding to the days which have elapsed from the date of
their agreements.
Article 638
• If they accept the change, and the voyage, on account of the greater
distance or for other reasons, should give rise to an increase of
wages, the latter shall be privately regulated, or through amicable
arbitrators in case of disagreement. Even though the voyage may be
to a nearer point, this shall not give rise to a reduction in the wages
agreed upon.
• If the revocation or change of the voyage should originate from the
shippers or charterers, the agent shall have a right to demand of
them the indemnity which is justly due.
Article 639
• If the revocation of the voyage should arise from a just cause
independent of the will of the agent or charterers, and the vessel
should not have left the port, the members of the crew shall not have
any other right than to receive the wages earned up to the day on
which the revocation took place.
Article 640
The following shall be just causes for the revocation of the voyage:
1. A declaration of war or interdiction of commerce with the power to whose
territory the vessel was bound.
2. The blockade of the port of destination or the breaking out of an epidemic
after the agreement.
3. The prohibition to receive in said port the goods which make up the cargo of
the vessel.
4. The detention or embargo of the same by order of the Government, or for
any other reason independent of the will of the agent.
5. The inability of the vessel to navigate.
Article 641
• If, after a voyage has been begun, any of the first three causes mentioned
in the foregoing article should occur, the sailors shall be paid at the port
the captain may deem it advisable to make for the benefit of the vessel and
cargo, according to the time they may have served thereon; but if the
vessel is to continue the voyage, the captain and the crew may mutually
demand the enforcement of the contract.
• In case of the occurrence of the fourth cause, the crew shall continue to be
paid half wages, if the agreement is by month but if the detention should
exceed three months, the engagement shall be rescinded and the crew
shall be paid what they should have earned, according to the contract, if
the voyage had been made. And if the agreement had been made for a
fixed sum for the voyage, the contract must be complied within the terms
agreed upon.
Article 641
• In the fifth case, the crew shall not have any other right than be
entitled to recover the wages earned; but if the disability of the vessel
should have been caused by the negligence or lack of skill of the
captain, engineer, or sailing mate, they shall indemnify the crew for
the loss suffered, always reserving the criminal liability which may be
proper.
Article 642
• If the crew has been engaged to work on shares they shall not be
entitled, by reason of the revocation, delay, or greater extension of
the voyage, to anything but the proportionate part of the indemnity
paid into the common funds of the vessel by the persons liable for
said occurrences.
Article 643
• If the vessel and her freight should be totally lost, by reason of capture or
wreck, all rights of the crew to demand any wages whatsoever shall be
extinguished, as well as that of the agent for the recovery of the advances
made.
• If a portion of the vessel or freight should be saved, or part of either, the
crew engaged on wages, including the captain, shall retain their rights on
the salvage, so far as they go, on the remainder of the vessel as well as
value of the freightage or the cargo saved; but sailors who are engaged on
shares shall not have any right whatsoever to the salvage of the hull, but
only on the portion of the freightage saved. If they should have worked to
collect the remainder of the ship-wrecked vessel, they shall be given an
award in proportion to the efforts made and to the risks encountered in
order to accomplish the salvage.
Article 644
• A sailor who falls sick shall not lose his right to wages during the
voyage, unless the sickness is the result of his own fault. At any rate,
the costs of the attendance and cure shall be defrayed from the
common funds, in the form of a loan.
• If the sickness should be caused by an injury received in the service or
defense of the vessel the sailor shall be attended and cured from the
common funds, there being deducted before anything else from the
proceeds of the freight, the cost of the attendance and cure.
Article 645
• If a sailor should die during the voyage his heir shall be given the
wages earned and not received, according to his engagement and the
reason for his death, namely —
• If he should have died a natural death and should have been engaged
on wages there shall be paid what may have been earned up to the
date of his death.
Article 645
• If the engagement had been made for a fixed sum for the whole
voyage there shall be paid half the amount earned if the sailor died
on the voyage out, and the whole amount if he died on the return
voyage.
• And if the engagement had been made on shares and the death
should have occurred after the voyage was begun, the heirs shall be
paid the entire portion due the sailor; but should the latter have died
before the departure of the vessel from the port, the heirs shall not
be entitled to claim anything.
Article 645
• If the death should have occurred in the defense of the vessel, the
sailor shall be considered as living, and his heirs shall be paid, at the
end of the voyage, the full amount of wages or the full part of the
profits due him as to the others of his grade.
• The sailor shall likewise be considered as present in the event of his
capture when defending the vessel, in order to enjoy the same
benefits as the rest; but should he have been captured on account of
carelessness or other accident not related to the service, he shall only
receive the wages due up to the day of his capture.
Article 646
• The vessel with her engines, rigging, equipment, and freights shall be
liable for the wages earned by the crew engaged per month or for the
trip, the liquidation and payment ought to take place between one
voyage and the other.
• After a new voyage has been undertaken, credits such as the former
shall lose their right of preference.
Article 647
• The officers and the crew of the vessel shall be exempted from all
obligations contracted, if they deem it proper, in the following cases:
1. If, before the beginning of the voyage, the captain attempts to change it, or
there occurs a naval war with the power to which the vessel was destined.
2. If a disease should break out and be officially declared epidemic in the port
of destination.
3. If the vessel should change owner or captain.

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What are the qualifications required for captains and masters of vessels according to the document?

What powers does MARINA have according to the document?

II.

Captains and Master

• AN ACT PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE DOMESTIC

4. The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required

6. Training and experience to achieve the necessary theoretical

10. The requirements of paragraphs 2.2 to 2.5 of regulation III/1

4. Every candidate shall provide evidence of having achieved the required

• Standards regarding emergency, occupational safety, security,

4. Parties may accept onboard training and experience for maintaining

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