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    Material Katalis Dan Fotokatalis

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    febiola silvia ningsih
    This document discusses homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Homogeneous catalysis involves catalysts in the same phase as reactants, which allows for better metal utilization but poses challenges for separation and recycling. Heterogeneous catalysis involves catalysts in a different phase than reactants, as seen in ammonia and gasoline production, and proceeds via models of physisorption and chemisorption on catalyst surfaces. Reaction mechanisms can follow Langmuir-Hinshelwood or Eley-Rideal pathways depending on whether reactants both adsorb or one remains in gas phase.

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    Material Katalis Dan Fotokatalis

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    febiola silvia ningsih
    29 views17 pages
    This document discusses homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Homogeneous catalysis involves catalysts in the same phase as reactants, which allows for better metal utilization but poses challenges for separation and recycling. Heterogeneous catalysis involves catalysts in a different phase than reactants, as seen in ammonia and gasoline production, and proceeds via models of physisorption and chemisorption on catalyst surfaces. Reaction mechanisms can follow Langmuir-Hinshelwood or Eley-Rideal pathways depending on whether reactants both adsorb or one remains in gas phase.

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    This document discusses homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Homogeneous catalysis involves catalysts in the same phase as reactants, which allows for better metal utilization but poses challenges for separation and recycling. Heterogeneous catalysis involves catalysts in a different phase than reactants, as seen in ammonia and gasoline production, and proceeds via models of physisorption and chemisorption on catalyst surfaces. Reaction mechanisms can follow Langmuir-Hinshelwood or Eley-Rideal pathways depending on whether reactants both adsorb or one remains in gas phase.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    29 views17 pages

    Material Katalis Dan Fotokatalis

    Uploaded by

    febiola silvia ningsih
    This document discusses homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Homogeneous catalysis involves catalysts in the same phase as reactants, which allows for better metal utilization but poses challenges for separation and recycling. Heterogeneous catalysis involves catalysts in a different phase than reactants, as seen in ammonia and gasoline production, and proceeds via models of physisorption and chemisorption on catalyst surfaces. Reaction mechanisms can follow Langmuir-Hinshelwood or Eley-Rideal pathways depending on whether reactants both adsorb or one remains in gas phase.

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    Material Katalis dan

    Fotokatalis
    Reaction at Solid Surface
    Catalyst

    Homogeneous Vs Heterogeneous
    Homogeneous

    ▰ Catalyst is in same phase as reactants/feed


    ▰ Mostly liquid
    ▰ Acetic acid manufacture by methanol
    carbonylation (Rh or Ir catalyst)
    ▰ Butyraldehyde production by the
    hydroformylation of propylene (Rh catalyst)
    Advantages
    ▰ Better utilisation of the metal: all of the catalytic metal is
    equally available to the reactants – lower catalyst loading
    required.
    ▰ Exploitation of different metal oxidation states and ligands –
    offering a wide range of activity and selectivity in a complex
    molecule.
    ▰ Elimination of in-pore diffusion allowing kinetic rather than
    mass transfer control of reaction rates – easier to scale up.
    ▰ Easy exotherm removal – no localised overheating, hence
    longer catalyst lifetime.
    Disadvantages

    ▰ Fundamental difficulty with homogeneous catalysis is the


    separation issue.
    ▰ metal recycling is usually required.
    ▰ To be reused a catalyst has to be rendered soluble again –
    further processing required – complex and expensive process
    ▰ In some cases (eg PET catalysis) the catalyst is so active the
    loadings are too low to make metal recovery economically
    viable.
    Heterogeneous

    ▰ Catalyst is in different phase with


    reactants/feed
    ▰ Mostly solid
    ▰ Ammonia production from hydrogen and
    nitrogen (Fe catalyst)
    ▰ Gasoline reforming to increase the octane
    number (zeolite Y)
    Heterogeneous
    Catalyst
    The Catalytic Cycle
    Energy of Adsorption
    Model 1

    Physisorption
    Model 2

    Physisorption and
    Molecular Chemisorption
    Model 3

    Physisorption and
    Dissociative Chemisorption
    Model 3

    Physisorption and
    Dissociative Chemisorption
    Generalised Mechanisms
    Langmuir-Hinshelwood
    mechanism: presupposes that both
    reactants adsorb on the surface.
    Hence, the rate law is 2nd order in
    the extent of surface coverage.
    A+B→P
    Rate = kθA θB

    Full rate eqn from insertion of


    isotherms
    Generalised Mechanisms
    The Eley-Rideal Mechanism:
    presupposes that a gas phase
    molecule reacts with another
    molecule already adsorbed on the
    surface.
    A+B→P

    Rate = kpA θB

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