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    Classification: 1. Natural Alkaloids

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    Manikanta Guptha
    This document discusses cholinergic blocking agents including their classification, pharmacological actions, uses, adverse effects, and nursing implications. It covers natural and synthetic alkaloids like atropine and hyoscine as well as their semisynthetic derivatives. Key points addressed include the use of these agents as mydriatics, antispasmodics, and for conditions like organophosphorus poisoning, COPD, and peptic ulcers.

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    Classification: 1. Natural Alkaloids

    Uploaded by

    Manikanta Guptha
    37 views14 pages
    This document discusses cholinergic blocking agents including their classification, pharmacological actions, uses, adverse effects, and nursing implications. It covers natural and synthetic alkaloids like atropine and hyoscine as well as their semisynthetic derivatives. Key points addressed include the use of these agents as mydriatics, antispasmodics, and for conditions like organophosphorus poisoning, COPD, and peptic ulcers.

    Original Description:

    Nursing

    Original Title

    Anticholinergics-Nursing

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    This document discusses cholinergic blocking agents including their classification, pharmacological actions, uses, adverse effects, and nursing implications. It covers natural and synthetic alkaloids like atropine and hyoscine as well as their semisynthetic derivatives. Key points addressed include the use of these agents as mydriatics, antispasmodics, and for conditions like organophosphorus poisoning, COPD, and peptic ulcers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    37 views14 pages

    Classification: 1. Natural Alkaloids

    Uploaded by

    Manikanta Guptha
    This document discusses cholinergic blocking agents including their classification, pharmacological actions, uses, adverse effects, and nursing implications. It covers natural and synthetic alkaloids like atropine and hyoscine as well as their semisynthetic derivatives. Key points addressed include the use of these agents as mydriatics, antispasmodics, and for conditions like organophosphorus poisoning, COPD, and peptic ulcers.

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    CLASSIFICATION

    1. Natural alkaloids: Atropine, Hyoscine


    2. Semisynthetic derivatives: Homatropine, Atropine
    methonitrate, Hyoscine butylbromide, Ipratropium
    bromide, Tiotropium bromide.
    3. Synthetic compounds
    Mydriatics- Cyclopentolate, Tropicamide
    Anti secretory-anti spasmodic: Propantheline,
    Oxyphenonium, Clidinium, Glycopyrrolate,
    Dicyclomine, telenzepine, Pirenzepine.
    Antiparkinsonian agents: Trihexyphenidyl
    (Benzhexol), Procyclidine, benzotropine, Biperiden
    Pharmacological actions :
    • Eye
    • Smooth muscles
    - GIT
    - Bronchial smooth muscle
    - Urinary bladder
    - Biliary tract

    • Secretions
    • CVS
    • CNS
    Features Atropine Scopalamine
    Source Atropa belladona Hyoscyamus nigra
    BBB Dose dependent √
    Effect on CNS Stimulation Depression
    Duration of action Long Short
    Uses - -
    -
    USES
    • As a mydriatic
    • As antispasmodic
    • Preanaesthetic medication
    • Organophosphorus poisoning
    • COPD
    • Peptic ulcers
    • Motion sickness
    Adverse effects
    •Blurring of vision
    •Dryness of mouth
    •Constipation
    •Urinary retention

    5
    Acute overdose of atropine

    • A, B, C, D
    • Antidote-
    Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Nursing
    Implications
    • Assess for allergies, presence of BPH, glaucoma,
    tachycardia, MI, CHF and GI or GU obstruction.
    • Perform baseline assessment of VS
    and systems overview.
    • Anticholinergics may lead to higher risk for heat
    stroke due to effects on heat-regulating mechanisms.
    • Teach patients to limit physical exertion, and avoid
    high temperatures and strenuous exercise.
    Cholinergic Blocking Agents:
    Nursing Implications
    • Medications should be taken exactly as prescribed
    to have the maximum therapeutic effect.
    • Overdosing can cause life-threatening problems.

    • Blurred vision may cause problems with driving


    or operating machinery.
    • Patients may experience sensitivity to light and
    may want to wear dark glasses or sunglasses.
    Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Nursing
    Implications
    • When giving ophthalmic solutions, apply pressure to
    the inner canthus to prevent systemic absorption.
    • Dry mouth may occur; can be handled by chewing
    gum, frequent mouth care, and hard candy.
    • Check with physician before taking any other
    medication, including OTC medications.
    Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Nursing
    Implications
    • Patients should report the following to their physician:
    urinary hesitancy and/or retention, constipation,
    palpitations, tremors, confusion, sedation or amnesia,
    excessive dry mouth (especially if they have chronic
    lung infections or disease), or fever
    • Monitor for therapeutic effects:
    • For patients with Parkinson’s disease:
    fewer tremors and decreased salivation
    and drooling
    • For patients with peptic ulcer disease: decreased
    abdominal pain
    Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Nursing
    Implications
    Monitor for side effects, including:
    Constipation Tachycardia
    Tremors Confusion
    Hallucinations Sedation
    Urinary retention Hot, dry skin
    Fever
    CNS depression (occurs with large doses of atropine)

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