School of Civil Engineering Offshore Structures Assignment - 2

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
ASSIGNMENT -2
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

ARSHAD PASHA G ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
R16CV034 PALLAVI MAM
TOPIC
SAFETY OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURE
WHAT IS OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION?
Offshore construction is the installation of structures and facilities in a marine

environment, usually for the production and transmission of electricity, oil, gas and
other resources. It is also called maritime engineering.
Offshore platforms are constructed to produce the

hydrocarbons oil and gas. The contribution of
offshore oil production in the year 1988 to the
world energy consumption was 9% and is
estimated to be 24% in 2000
WHY IS SAFETY NECESSARY?
• Oil and gas are the dominant sources of energy in our society. Twenty percent of
these hydrocarbons are recovered from reservoirs beneath the seabed. Pipelines or
tankers are used to transport the hydrocarbons to shore.
• The continuous innovations to deal with new serviceability requirements and
demanding environments as well the inherent potential of risk of fires and
explosions.
• Safety requirements are introduced to limit fatalities as well as environmental and
property damages.
• The focus here is on the structural safety during the life cycle of the platforms. A rational
safety approach should be based on: -
a. Goal-setting; not prescriptive
b. Probabilistic; not deterministic
c. First principles; not purely experimental
d. Integrated total; not separately
e. Balance of safety elements; not hardware
• The safety management of structures is different for different industries depending on the
organisation as well as regulatory contents.
• Over the time safety management of offshore structures has been developed, in parallel
with the evolvement of the technology and the competence to deal with it.
• Initially civil engineering was the driving force for structural safety management. Later the
aeronautical and nuclear industry played an important role.
• However in the last 20-30 years the developments in the offshore industry has had a
significant impact on the development of safety approaches.
ACCIDENT EXPERIENCES
• Safety may be regarded as the absence of accidents or failures. Hence the insight
about safety features can be gained from detailed information about accidents and
failures.
• Global failure modes of concern are
1. - capsizing/sinking
2. - structural failure
3. - positioning system failure
FAILURE IN STORM
Failure in the top side load bearing structure.

FAILURE DUE TO EARTH QUAKE
1) The state of art in offshore engineering was inadequate at the time of
design ;
2) Errors and omission were made during design or fabrication! Ob-
viously, these two explanations have different implications on the risk
reducing actions.
Floating platforms
FAILURE IN FIRE OR EXPLOSION
• The offshore platform started
producing gas in the early 1980s and
had three main gas transport risers and
an oil export riser before the incident,
which destroyed the entire facility and
caused an estimated loss of $1.4bn.
• Official investigations concluded that
the root cause of the accident was an
undetected fatigue crack in the weld of
an instrument connection on the
bracing.
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
•Offshore drilling, production or transport facilities are systems consisting of struc-
tures, equipments and other hardware’s, as well as specified operational procedures
and operational personnel.
• Ideally these systems should be designed and operated to comply with a certain
acceptable risk levels as specified for example by the probabil- ity of undesirable
consequences and their implications
•. The safety management needs to be synchronised with the life cycle of the
structure. Structural failures are mainly attributed to errors and omissions in design,
fabrication and, especially, during operation.
• Therefore, Quality Assurance and Control (QA/QC) of procedures and the struc-
ture during fabrication and use (operation) is crucial.
•To do a truly risk based design, by carrying out the design iteration on the basis of a risk
acceptance criterion, and to achieve a design that satisfies the acceptable safety level, is not
feasible. In reality, different subsystems, like:
- loads-carrying structure & mooring system
- process equipment
- evacuation and escape system
•Are designed according to criteria given for that particular subsystems. For instance, to
achieve a certain target level, which implies a certain residual risk level, safety criteria for
structural design are given in terms of Ultimate Limit State (ULS) and Fatigue Limit State
(FLS) criteria.
• Using appropriate probabilistic definitions of loads and resistance together with safety
factors, the desired safety level is achieved.
•The im- plicit risk associated with these common structural design criteria is generally
small! The philosophy behind the Accidental Collapse Limit (ALS) criteria is discussed be-
low.
CONCLUSION
• In order to ensure the safety of an offshore structure it is important to identify and
maintain the barriers preventing hazardous events.
• Also, when monitoring the safety, the monitoring should be regarding how well
these barriers are functioning, and utilise these to reassess the safety of the structure
over time.
• The purpose of this paper is to apply a well-known method in risk assessment,
Haddon’s energy and barrier model, to a new area; structural safety
RECOMMENDATION ON SAFETY ZONES AND SAFETY OF NAVIGATION
AROUND OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS AND STRUCTURES
THANKYOU

School of Civil Engineering Offshore Structures Assignment - 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

School of Civil Engineering Offshore Structures Assignment - 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

School of Civil Engineering Offshore Structures Assignment - 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

Offshore construction is the installation of structures and facilities in a marine

Offshore platforms are constructed to produce the

Failure in the top side load bearing structure.

You might also like