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    Balloon Dilatation in Achalasia - Jehannah

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    Jehannah Dayanara Hayudini
    This document discusses achalasia and its treatment through balloon dilation. Achalasia is a disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter characterized by lack of sphincter relaxation during swallowing. It causes difficulty swallowing and chest pain. Balloon dilation stretches the sphincter by inflating a balloon through the esophagus. This is a quick, inexpensive procedure compared to surgery that can help treat achalasia symptoms by tearing the sphincter to allow food to pass more easily.

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    Balloon Dilatation in Achalasia - Jehannah

    Uploaded by

    Jehannah Dayanara Hayudini
    57 views12 pages
    This document discusses achalasia and its treatment through balloon dilation. Achalasia is a disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter characterized by lack of sphincter relaxation during swallowing. It causes difficulty swallowing and chest pain. Balloon dilation stretches the sphincter by inflating a balloon through the esophagus. This is a quick, inexpensive procedure compared to surgery that can help treat achalasia symptoms by tearing the sphincter to allow food to pass more easily.

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    This document discusses achalasia and its treatment through balloon dilation. Achalasia is a disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter characterized by lack of sphincter relaxation during swallowing. It causes difficulty swallowing and chest pain. Balloon dilation stretches the sphincter by inflating a balloon through the esophagus. This is a quick, inexpensive procedure compared to surgery that can help treat achalasia symptoms by tearing the sphincter to allow food to pass more easily.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    57 views12 pages

    Balloon Dilatation in Achalasia - Jehannah

    Uploaded by

    Jehannah Dayanara Hayudini
    This document discusses achalasia and its treatment through balloon dilation. Achalasia is a disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter characterized by lack of sphincter relaxation during swallowing. It causes difficulty swallowing and chest pain. Balloon dilation stretches the sphincter by inflating a balloon through the esophagus. This is a quick, inexpensive procedure compared to surgery that can help treat achalasia symptoms by tearing the sphincter to allow food to pass more easily.

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    Balloon Dilatation in Achalasia

    By: Jehannah Dayanara B. Hayudini


    What is ACHALASIA?

    • Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder


    characterized by increased lower esophageal sphincter
    (LES) pressure, diminished-to-absent peristalsis in the
    distal portion of the esophagus composed of smooth
    muscle, and lack of a coordinated LES relaxation in
    response to swallowing.
    Types of Achalasia:

    • Type I Achalasia
    - shows absence of any motility and contraction within the
    body of the esophagus

    • Type II
    - shows simultaneous contractions

    • Type III
    - reveals a simultaneous high-pressure spasm
    What causes achalasia?

    • The cause of achalasia is unknown. Theories on


    causation invoke infection, heredity or an abnormality
    of the immune system that causes the body itself to
    damage the esophagus (autoimmune disease).
    SYMPTOMS:

    •Backflow (regurgitation) of food


    •Chest pain
    •Cough
    •Difficulty swallowing liquids and solids
    •Heartburn
    •Unintentional weight loss
    How is achalasia diagnosed?

    • X-ray studies
    • Esophageal manometry
    • Endoscopy
    What is the treatment for achalasia?

    • oral medications
    • stretching of the lower esophageal sphincter (dilation)
    • surgery to cut the sphincter (esophagomyotomy)
    • injection of botulinum toxin (Botox) into the sphincter
    Oral medications

    • Oral medications that help to relax the lower


    esophageal sphincter include groups of drugs called
    nitrates, for example, isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
    and calcium channel blockers (CCBs), example,
    nifedipine (Procardia) and verapamil (Calan).
    Botulinum toxin

    • Injection is quick, nonsurgical, and requires no


    hospitalization.
    • Botox injection takes 10 min and blocks the spasm of
    the lower esophageal sphincter. The effect lasts for 3
    months, consequently the therapy has to be repeated.
    • Injection is a good option for patients who are very
    elderly or are at high risk for surgery, for example,
    patients with severe heart or lung disease.
    • This may reduce post-surgical complications.
    Dilation

    • Dilation of the lower esophageal sphincter is done by


    having the patient swallow a tube with a balloon at the
    end. The balloon is placed across the lower sphincter
    with the help of X-rays, and the balloon is blown up
    suddenly. The goal is to stretch--actually to tear--the
    sphincter.
    • Dilation is a quick and inexpensive procedure
    compared with surgery, and requires only a short
    hospital stay.
    Esophagomyotomy

    • Surigical cutting of sphincter .


    • The surgery can be done using an abdominal incision or
    laparoscopically through small punctures in the
    abdomen.
    Thank
    You ! :)

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