The Third Republic

 the HUKBALAHAP movement still created immense
riot and commotion in the country.

2. Tydings Rehabilitation Act (amounting to $800,000,000)
 Declaring all properties which are
remnants of the World War II will be
owned by the Philippines and if sold, the
money will be use for the rehabilitation
of war damages.
 Main Problem of Roxas Administration was the
HUKBALAHAP, tried to make peace with the
HUKBALAHAP but the members did not mind
Roxas but instead they became angrier. The
HUKBALAHAP continued to destroyed properties of
Masses.
 Most policies were manipulated by American
government officials who made the policies more
beneficial to the American citizens.
 There was a great interference by the US government
to the management of the economy of the Philippines.
 He allowed US military bases in the country (23 were
leased for 99 years), permitted trade restrictions for
Filipinos, and gave special privileges for US property
owners and investors.
 Graft and corruption did not stop in the government.
 The citizens felt that he surrendered the country’s
freedom to the Americans because of the revisions in
the Philippine constitution. The new law gave parity
rights to the Americans in exchange for rehabilitation
money to fix the country.
 There were plans of assassinating him.
 He was able to escape death, an attempted
murder by a Tondo barber, Julio Guillen.
 But on April 15, 1948 Roxas died and Elpidio
R. Quirino as the Vice President succeeded
him.
 Starvation problems of the people in the Mountain Province.
 Wages of people cannot compensate with the expenses of the
people and the prices of the products due to inflation.
 Farmlands were also disturbed by locusts and plagues of rats
 Housing was a huge problem since the war destroyed several
sites in the rural areas
 Unemployment was also evident because the Americans were
gradually decreasing their business in the Philippines.
 To solve the unemployment problems
 To increase the wages of the people so as people
can purchase and not just produce so as to decrease
the inflation rate
 His administration will prioritize on industrializing
the country and using the talents and abilities of the
citizens for the development of the Philippines.
 Agricultural Credit Cooperatives Financing
Administration (ACCFA) aided farmers in
selling what they harvested.
 Labor Management Advisory Board, Central
Banks and the Rural Banks of the Philippines.
These were made to alleviate the sufferings
of poor families, help the farmers market
their products, advice him on matters
concerning labor.
 Created the Social Security Commission.
 Declared Quezon City as the Capital of
the Philippines (July 17, 1948).
 He revived former president Quezon’s
“fireside chats”.
The major controversy surrounding his
governance was his bid for a second term in office
in 1949. Next to the elections in 1969 (wherein
Ferdinand Marcos won as president), the elections
wherein Quirino won was believed to be the most
corrupt.
 he was not able to implement agrarian
reforms.
 the first president to undergo an
impeachment trial
 He saved Democracy
 was dubbed as “the guy” because many
considered him as the president who really
connected and represented the common man
being a president
 with a sympathetic heart to the masses.
 “I pledge that we shall be guardians of freedom and
dignity of the individual.”
 “I will render-and demand-uncompromising loyalty to
the basic tenet of our Constitution: that you the people,
are sovereign.”
 “Land for the landless” shall be more than just a catch-
phrase. We will translate it into actuality.”
 “I therefore call upon the remnants of the Huk
uprising still hiding in the hills to lay down their
arms — and rejoin the rest of the nation in the
ways of peace.”
 “But, to the leaders of the Communist conspiracy
who would deliver this country and its people to a
foreign power, this I say: I shall use all the forces
at my command to the end that the sovereign
authority of this government shall be respected
and maintained.”
Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954)
Created the court of Agrarian Relations .Although the law amended
on the tenancy problem, farmers benefitted from the distribution of
crops on a certain basis,the main problem of tenurial system was
not given notice.
 The leasehold system and share-tenancy were organized to
oversee the relationship between tenants and landowners
 Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act of 1955)
Land Tenure Administration (LTA) were in charge of the possessing
and distributing tenanted rice and corn lands (200 hectares for
individuals and 600 hectares for corporations)
 Republic Act No. 821 (Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative
Financing Administration) Small farmers and tenants low interests
of between six to eight percent with their loans
 Reparation Agreement
An agreement between Japan and the Philippines to pay the latter five
hundred fifty million U.S. dollars ($550,000) as payment for the war
damages of World War II.
 Bell Trade Act of 1946 into the Laurel-Langley Agreement
It eradicated the authority of the United States to have control over the
exchange rate of the Philippines peso, parity privileges reciprocal,
extended the sugar quota. This agreement retained the economic
subservience between the U.S. and the Philippines.
 Agricultural Commodities Agreement with the U.S. (1957)
perpetuating the colonial pattern of the nation’s economy
 Anti-subversion Law
Law that limited the citizen’s democratic rights of assembly, free speech,
and belief.
 Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954
Rebel returnees and as well as landless farmers benefitted for they were
given home lots and farm lands.
LASEDECO was abolished and established the National Resettlement
and Rehabilitation Administration
Main goal was to resettle landless farmers, and aimed at the rebels who
returned to provide them with lots for home and farming in Palawan
and Mindanao
 They put a solution to a problem but not in the main
one.
 Republic Act No. 1199 farmers were given a certain
percentage of the distribution of crop, so it put and
minor solution to that but with the case of the
tenurial system, it wasn’t given notice.
 The relocation of the people from certain places,
worked at first but eventually started a cultural
dispute between the natives living there and those
who were relocated.
 His death was presented with issues
telling that his plane didn’t actually
crashed but it was sneaked in with a
bomb that caused the plane crash of the
president.
 https://soapboxie.com/world-politics/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-
their-Achievements-and-Contributionshttps://soapboxie.com/world-
politics/Presidents-of-the-Philippines
 https://bloomspresidents.wordpress.com/manuel-a-roxas
 https://www.slideshare.net/rominagrace/roxas-administration-dbsmanila
 http://www.philippinegovernance.myewebsite.com/articles/issues.html
 https://www.britannica.com/event/Hukbalahap-Rebellion
 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elpidio-Quirino
 Zaide, Gregorio F.,
 The Philippines a Unique Nation
 Halili, Ma. Cristina , The Philippine History
 Domingo, Florencia C., et. al, Pilipinas: Isang Sulyap at Pagyakap

The Third Republic

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The Third Republic

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 the HUKBALAHAP movement still created immense

riot and commotion in the country.

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