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    Lecture 01 Av 241 - Introduction

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    Ufi70
    This document provides an overview of a lecture on basic semiconductor concepts. The lecture objectives are to review foundational concepts related to semiconductors and understand the terminology of the course. It discusses electronics, solid-state electronics, and microelectronics. Key concepts covered include semiconductors, covalent bonds, doping to create n-type and p-type materials, donors, acceptors, majority and minority carriers, and p-n junctions. Diagrams are provided to illustrate these concepts. The next lecture will cover p-n junctions under open circuit and reverse bias conditions.

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    Lecture 01 Av 241 - Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Ufi70
    62 views16 pages
    This document provides an overview of a lecture on basic semiconductor concepts. The lecture objectives are to review foundational concepts related to semiconductors and understand the terminology of the course. It discusses electronics, solid-state electronics, and microelectronics. Key concepts covered include semiconductors, covalent bonds, doping to create n-type and p-type materials, donors, acceptors, majority and minority carriers, and p-n junctions. Diagrams are provided to illustrate these concepts. The next lecture will cover p-n junctions under open circuit and reverse bias conditions.

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    Av-241 Lectures

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    This document provides an overview of a lecture on basic semiconductor concepts. The lecture objectives are to review foundational concepts related to semiconductors and understand the terminology of the course. It discusses electronics, solid-state electronics, and microelectronics. Key concepts covered include semiconductors, covalent bonds, doping to create n-type and p-type materials, donors, acceptors, majority and minority carriers, and p-n junctions. Diagrams are provided to illustrate these concepts. The next lecture will cover p-n junctions under open circuit and reverse bias conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    62 views16 pages

    Lecture 01 Av 241 - Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Ufi70
    This document provides an overview of a lecture on basic semiconductor concepts. The lecture objectives are to review foundational concepts related to semiconductors and understand the terminology of the course. It discusses electronics, solid-state electronics, and microelectronics. Key concepts covered include semiconductors, covalent bonds, doping to create n-type and p-type materials, donors, acceptors, majority and minority carriers, and p-n junctions. Diagrams are provided to illustrate these concepts. The next lecture will cover p-n junctions under open circuit and reverse bias conditions.

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    You are on page 1of 16

    AV-241

    Electronics-Devices and basic circuits


    Lecture No 1

    “BASIC SEMICONDUCTOR
    CONCEPTS”
    Text Book: Chapter 3
    Section 3.7.1

    Instructor: Asst Prof Shafqat ul Mulk


    Class: 78(B) EC
    Number of Slides: 16

    Avionics Engineering Department 1


    OBJECTIVES
    • Revision of Basic concepts related to
    Semiconductor
    • Understand language of This course
    ELECTRONICS
    • The branch of physics concerned with the
    behavior of electrons in the circuits, its
    control by means of semiconductor
    devices such as diodes and transistors
    etc.
    SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS

    • Transistors control the flow of electrons


    through solid semiconductor substances
    rather than through a vacuum, and so
    transistor technology is often referred to as
    solid-state electronics.
    MICROELECTRONICS
    • The art of electronic equipment design and
    construction that uses micro- miniaturization schemes.
    • The entire body of electronic art that is connected with
    or applied to the realization of electronic systems from
    extremely small electronic parts.
    • All techniques for the manufacture of extremely small
    electronic circuits, generally including all types of
    silicon integrated circuits, thin-film circuits, and thick-
    film circuits
    • EXAMPLES. Microprocessor, Micro-controller,
    Integrated circuits, cornerstone of computing and
    communications revolution
    SEMICONDUCTOR
    • A material between conductors and
    insulators in its ability to conduct electrical
    current (e.g., silicon, carbon and germanium,
    gallium arsenide)

    • Pure state is known as intrinsic state

    • Today’s IC technology is based entirely on


    silicon. Our text book mostly deals with
    SILICON devices only
    COVALENT BONDS
    Shared electrons
    of a covalent bond

    Figure 3.40 Two-dimensional representation of the silicon crystal. The circles represent the
    inner core of silicon atoms, with +4 indicating its positive charge of +4q, which is neutralized
    by the charge of the four valence electrons. Observe how the covalent bonds are formed by
    sharing of the valence electrons. At 0 K, all bonds are intact and no free electrons are available
    for current conduction.
    Important Concepts

    • Drift
    • Diffusion
    • Doping
    • N-type
    • P-type
    • Donor
    • Acceptor
    • Majority/minority
    PN-Junction
    Figure 3.40 Two-dimensional representation of the silicon crystal. The circles represent
    the inner core of silicon atoms, with +4 indicating its positive charge of +4q, which is
    neutralized by the charge of the four valence electrons. Observe how the covalent bonds
    are formed by sharing of the valence electrons. At 0 K, all bonds are intact and no free
    electrons are available for current conduction.
    Figure 3.41 At room temperature, some of the covalent bonds are broken by
    thermal ionization. Each broken bond gives rise to a free electron and a hole,
    both of which become available for current conduction.
    Figure 3.42 A bar of intrinsic silicon (a) in which the hole
    concentration profile shown in (b) has been created along the x-axis by
    some unspecified mechanism.
    Figure 3.43 A silicon crystal doped by a pentavalent element. Each
    dopant atom donates a free electron and is thus called a donor. The
    doped semiconductor becomes n type.
    Figure 3.44 A silicon crystal doped with a trivalent impurity. Each
    dopant atom gives rise to a hole, and the semiconductor becomes p
    type.
    Summary
    Next Lecture
    • PN junction under Open Circuit and
    Reverse Bias conditions

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