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EXPRESSIONISM
“Expressionism” was a modernist
movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas. It used atonality and the twelve- tone scale, lacking stable and conventional harmonies. It served as a medium for expressing strong emotions, such as anxiety, rage, and alienation. The style extended to a wide range of the arts, including expressionist architecture, painting, literature, theatre, dance, film and music. The term expressionism was probably first applied to music in 1918. Characteristics Of Expressionism In Music * episodic, fragmentary form and structure * abrupt musical language * clashing dissonances * interest in common man * tonality, triadic harmony, and consonance vs. dissonance are not valid anymore * abstract procedures * great emotional intensity Famous Expressionists Arnold Schoenberg Arnold Franz Walter Schoenberg or Schönberg was a famous Austrian expressionist composer, music theorist, and painter. His works include the following: • Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces for Piano, op. 11 • Pierrot Lunaire • Gurreleider • Verkarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899) - one of his earliest successful pieces, which blends the lyricism, instrumentation, and melodic beauty of Brahms with the chromaticism and construction of Wagner. Anton Webern Anton Friedrich Wilhelm Webern was an Austrian composer and conductor. Along with his mentor Arnold Schoenberg and his colleague Alban Berg, Webern was in the core of those in the circle of the Second Viennese School, including Ernst Krenek and Theodor W. Adorno. His works include the following: • Six Pieces for large orchestra, op. 6 • Langsamer Satz (slow movement) for string quartet • Passacaglia for orchestra, op. 1 • Quartet for violin, clarinet, tenor saxophone and piano, op. 22 Alban Berg Alban Maria Johannes Berg was an Austrian composer of the Second Viennese School. His compositional style combined Romantic lyricism with twelve-tone technique. His works include the following: • Violin Concerto