Fn41.2.05.Kitchen Math and Measuring
Fn41.2.05.Kitchen Math and Measuring
Fn41.2.05.Kitchen Math and Measuring
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Sara Jane Strecker, FCS Educator
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Math in Food and Nutrition
Essential Math Concepts in the foods
Classroom
• Measurement
• Estimations
• Number sense
• Cost effectiveness/cost comparison
• Family food budget
• Calculator use
• Conventional/common measurement systems
• Vocabulary
• Interpret graphs and tables
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Introduction
Most cooks use recipes. A recipe
is a list of ingredients that gives
you directions for preparing a
specific food. If you know how
to follow recipes, then you will
be successful in the kitchen.
Who knows! You may
become a famous chef!
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Introduction
Successful cooks know:
• How to read a recipe
• Abbreviations
• Measuring Techniques
• Equivalents
• How to Change a Recipe
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What’s in a recipe?
A formula!
Read the recipe before you cook.
The parts of the recipe tell you:
• Name
• Ingredients
• Equipment
• Directions
• Yield (number of servings)
• Sometimes Nutritional Analysis
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Activity for Students
Think up a name for a recipe.
What is the yield? How many people will it
serve?
Name each ingredient.
Write the steps in the order that you would
prepare them.
Number each step. How many steps are there?
What special equipment is needed?
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Parts of a Recipe Name
What the
recipe is called.
A recipe usually includes:
Yield
Quesadillas
Number of (Serves 4 - 2 per person)
servings the
recipe makes. 8 flour tortillas
Ingredients
Food products
1 cup grated cheese you need to
1. Heat a frying pan over medium heat. make the recipe.
Equipment
2. Place a tortilla in the pan.
3. Sprinkle 1/4 cup cheese on the tortilla.
4. Cover the cheese with another tortilla.
Directions 5. Cook about 1 minute, until brown and crisp. Then
Steps you follow turn the quesadilla over. Cook until the cheese
to make the melts.
recipe. 6. Place on a serving plate. Cut into pie shaped wedges.
7. Repeat process with remaining ingredients.
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What’s an Abbreviation?
Understanding the language of recipes takes
the guesswork out of cooking.
Abbreviation The shortened form of a word.
Abbreviations in measuring units:
• Save space on the cookbook page.
• Make recipes easier to read.
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Name the Abbreviations
The U.S. uses the English system:
• Teaspoon tsp. or t.
• Tablespoon Tbsp. or T.
• Cup c.
• Pint pt.
• Quart qt.
• Gallon gal.
• Ounce/fluid ounce oz./ fl. oz.
• Pound lb.
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Name the Abbreviations
Most other countries use
the Metric system:
• Milliliter ml
• Liter L
• Grams g
• Kilogram kg
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Name the Abbreviations
More abbreviations:
• Few grains, dash, pinch f.g.
• Dozen doz.
• Pound lb.
• Inch in.
• Second sec.
• Minute min.
• Hour hr.
• Degree
• Fahrenheit/Celsius F. / C
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Abbreviations Pop Quiz
What do these stand for?
• lb.
•L
• tsp. or t.
• F.
• qt.
• fl. oz.
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Name That Utensil
Serving spoons & cups vary in size. Only use
these standard measuring utensils…
Can you name them?
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The Right Measuring Utensil
What are two ingredients that
you’d measure with when using:
• measuring spoons?
• dry/solid measuring cups?
• a liquid measuring cup?
Which measuring utensil would you use to
measure each of these ingredients?
• 1 1/3 cups flour
• 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder
• 1/2 cup milk
• 2 tablespoons cooking oil
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Measuring Liquid Ingredients
Liquid ingredients can include:
• Milk, water, oil, juice, vanilla extract, etc.
To measure 1/4 cup or more of a
liquid ingredient, use a clear, liquid
measuring cup.
• Place the cup on level surface and read measurements at eye level.
For smaller amounts use measuring spoons.
• Fill the spoon until a slight dome is visible.
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Measuring Dry Ingredients
A standard set of dry/solid measuring cups is
made of four cup sizes.
What amount does each cup measure?
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Measuring Dry Ingredients
Dry ingredients can include:
• Flour, sugar, brown sugar, salt, and baking powder.
To measure 1/4 cup or more of a
dry ingredient use a measuring cup.
• Measuring cups generally come
in 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, and 1 cup sizes.
To measure less than a 1/4 cup
use a measuring spoon.
• Measuring spoons generally come in
1/4, 1/2, & 1 teaspoon & 1 tablespoon sizes.
• To measure 1/8 tsp. measure 1/4 tsp.
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Measuring Dry Ingredients
Measuring flour:
• Do not pack the flour into the
measuring cup or spoon because you will
end up with more flour. Instead, scoop flour
into the cup and level with a spatula or knife.
Measuring brown sugar:
• Pack the brown sugar tightly into the measuring cup or spoon.
Once it is packed down, level it with a straight edge or knife.
Measuring granulated sugar:
• Fill the cup with sugar. Level with the back of a spatula or knife
so that sugar is even with top of measuring cup or spoon.
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Pass the Cup
Dry/solid measure checkup:
• Which of these amounts is greater? Write the amount.
1/2 cup or 3/4 cup
1/4 cup or 1/3 cup
1/4 cup or 2 Tbsp.
1/2 cup or 1/4 cup
1/4 cup or 3 tsp.
1 1/3 cupor 1 1/4 cup
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Measuring Solid Ingredients
Sticks of butter and margarine
have measurements marked
on the wrapper.
• One stick = 1/2 cup or 8 tablespoons
Measure solid fats, such as shortening or
peanut butter, in a dry measuring cup.
• Pack it into the cup and level it with a spatula. Then use a
plastic scraper to remove it from the cup.
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Measuring Techniques Checklist
Can you do these things?
Demonstrate proper measuring techniques by completing the checklist.
Name:___________________
3/4 cup sugar
Checked by:______________
1 cup flour
1 Tbsp. water
1 tsp. salt
1 Tbsp. flour
1 1/3 cups water
1/4 cup brown sugar
Ingredients & tools
properly cleaned and
stored.
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Measuring Just With Spoons
This chart shows some amounts that you’ll often see in
recipes. And it shows how to measure those amounts
with measuring spoons.
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Basic Equivalents
Equivalents are amounts that are equal to each other.
• They are useful when you must alter or change a recipe
to serve more or less people than the recipe yields.
Dry/Liquid equivalents:
• Pinch or Dash = less than 1/8 teaspoon
• 1 Tablespoon = 3 teaspoons
• 1/4 cup = 4 Tablespoons
• 1/3 cup = 5 Tablespoons & 1
teaspoon
• 1/2 cup = 8 Tablespoons
• 3/4 cup = 12 Tablespoons
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Basic Equivalents
To help you remember:
1 Tablespoon = 3 t e a spoons
There are 3 letters in the word tea and 3 teaspoons in a tablespoon.
1/4 c. = 4 Tbsp.
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Basic Equivalents
1 fluid ounce = 2 Tablespoons
8 ounces = 1 cup
16 ounces = 1 pound
1 pint = 2 cups
1 quart = 2 pints = 4 cups
1 gallon = 4 quarts = 8 pints = 16 cups
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Basic Equivalents
To help you
remember:
A formula
2 c. = 1 pt.
2 pt. = 1 qt.
4 qt. = 1 gal.
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Equivalents at the Store
At the store, many foods are sold by the pint or by
the quart. Many recipes will ask you to measure
those foods by the cup.
Here is a helpful guide:
• 1 cup = 1/2 pint
• 2 cups = 1 pint
• 4 cups = 2 pints
• 4 cups = 1 quart
• 4 quarts = 1 gallon
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Equivalents at the Store
Answer the following questions with one of these amounts:
1/2 pint 1 pint 1 quart
What size container will you buy if. . .
1. A recipe for salad calls for 2 cups of cottage cheese.?
2. A recipe for a fruit dessert calls for 1 cup of whipping cream?
3. You need 4 cups of milk for a pudding?
4. You need 2 cups of sour cream to make a dip?
5. A recipe for fruit salad says to mix 8 ounces of yogurt
with fruit?
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Equivalents at the Store
Now that you know how many cups make up 1/2 pint,
1 pint, and 1 quart, try to figure out how many ounces
are in these amounts:
• 1 cup = ___ oz.
• 1/2 pint = ___ oz.
• 1 pint = ___ oz.
• 1 quart = ___ oz.
• 1 gallon = ___ oz.
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Basic Equivalents Pop Quiz
1. 1 pint = ____ cups
2. 1 gallon = ____ quarts
3. 1 quart = ____ cups
4. 1 cup = ____ tablespoons
5. 1 tablespoon = ____ teaspoons
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Putting Cups Together
Useful amounts to know:
• 2/3 cup = 1/3 cup + 1/3 cup
• 3/4 cup = 1/2 cup + 1/4 cup
• 1/8 cup = half of 1/4 cup
• 1 cup = 1/2 cup + 1/2 cup
• 1 cup = 1/3 cup + 1/3 cup + 1/3 cup
• 1 cup = 1/4 cup + 1/4 cup + 1/4 cup + 1/4
cup
How would you measure these amounts?
• 1 1/4 cups
• 2/3 cup
• 3/4 cup
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How Do You Measure Up?
This recipe for Chocolate Chip Cookies yields 3 dozen.
You need to make 6 dozen. Write down the measurements
you would use to double this recipe. Use correct abbreviations.
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How Do You Measure Up?
Your Grandma’s recipe for Chocolate Cake makes a
large cake so you want to make only half of a cake.
Write down the new measurements you would need to
make half this recipe. Use correct abbreviations.
Chocolate Cake
2 cups sugar 2 teaspoons baking soda
1/2 cup butter 2 chocolate squares
2 eggs 1/2 teaspoon salt
1 cup buttermilk 2/3 cup warm water
2 1/2 cups cake flour 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
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How Do You Measure Up?
BONUS
What is half of 2/3 cup?
If a recipe calls for one egg and you want to cut
the recipe in half, how might you half an egg?
Answer: 1 large egg = 1/4 cup.
Crack egg into bowl and mix with
fork. Pour out approximately 1/2
or 2 tablespoons of egg.
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You’re the Expert
Jenny is throwing a surprise birthday party for her best
friend Katie. She has decided to make Katie’s favorite
dish, meat loaf. There will be a total of 40 people at the
party. Answer the following questions:
• The recipe says it serves 8 people. By what number should Jenny
multiply each ingredient to make enough meat loaf for everyone?
• The recipe calls for 1 1/2 lbs. of ground beef. How much ground
beef will Jenny need to make enough meat loaf for everyone?
• Jenny will be serving milk with the meal. She plans on using 8
oz. glasses. How many gallons of milk does she need to make
sure everyone gets one glass of milk?
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Kitchen Math Quiz
Write down the answers to the following questions.
1. 1 tablespoon is equivalent to __ teaspoons
and 1 fluid ounce is equivalent to __ tablespoons.
a. 3, 4
b. 4, 1
c. 3, 2
d. 2, 3
2. How would you measure the following amounts?
a. 2/3 cup
b. 1/8 cup
c. 1 2/3 cup
d. 2 3/4 cups
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Kitchen Math Quiz
3. The number of servings a recipe
makes is called its ________.
a. serving size
b. yield
c. equivalent
d. supply
4. Match the term on the left with the appropriate
abbreviation on the right.
1. pounds a. c.
2. cups b. Tbsp.
3. tablespoons c. lb.
4. teaspoons d. tsp.
5. ounces e. oz.
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Kitchen Math Quiz
5. True of False?
a. Liquids should always be measured at eye level.
b. When measuring flour you should scoop it into a dry
measuring cup, pack it, and level it with a straight edge.
c. One stick of butter is equal to 1 cup.
6. Look at each of the following measurements and
determine which amount is larger:
a. 1/3 cup or 1/4 cup
b. 1 pound or 18 ounces
c. 1 tablespoon or 4 teaspoons
d. 1 pint or 3 cups
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Applying What You Know
Choose one of the following assignments to complete.
Create a worksheet of math word problems based on
kitchen measurements. Be sure to create an answer
sheet. Trade worksheets with a classmate and grade
each other’s work.
Create new recipe cards that double and cut in half a
favorite recipe. For extra credit make the recipe and
evaluate the results.
Create an easytoread poster of common
abbreviations and basic equivalents. Be sure to
include visuals and display accurate information.
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