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    Sintesis Polimer-AKA

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    Kiki Rifky
    1. Polymers are classified according to their kinetics and mechanism, including whether they are addition or condensation polymers and involve step-growth or chain-growth polymerization. 2. Condensation polymers form with the elimination of small molecules like water or ammonia, while addition polymers retain all atoms from the monomer in the polymer backbone. 3. Step-growth polymerization involves the step-by-step reaction of functional groups on different monomer molecules to form the polymer, while chain-growth polymerization rapidly propagates a growing polymer chain from an active site. 4. Common mechanisms for chain-growth polymerization include free radical

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    Sintesis Polimer-AKA

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    Kiki Rifky
    115 views39 pages
    1. Polymers are classified according to their kinetics and mechanism, including whether they are addition or condensation polymers and involve step-growth or chain-growth polymerization. 2. Condensation polymers form with the elimination of small molecules like water or ammonia, while addition polymers retain all atoms from the monomer in the polymer backbone. 3. Step-growth polymerization involves the step-by-step reaction of functional groups on different monomer molecules to form the polymer, while chain-growth polymerization rapidly propagates a growing polymer chain from an active site. 4. Common mechanisms for chain-growth polymerization include free radical

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    1. Polymers are classified according to their kinetics and mechanism, including whether they are addition or condensation polymers and involve step-growth or chain-growth polymerization. 2. Condensation polymers form with the elimination of small molecules like water or ammonia, while addition polymers retain all atoms from the monomer in the polymer backbone. 3. Step-growth polymerization involves the step-by-step reaction of functional groups on different monomer molecules to form the polymer, while chain-growth polymerization rapidly propagates a growing polymer chain from an active site. 4. Common mechanisms for chain-growth polymerization include free radical

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    115 views39 pages

    Sintesis Polimer-AKA

    Uploaded by

    Kiki Rifky
    1. Polymers are classified according to their kinetics and mechanism, including whether they are addition or condensation polymers and involve step-growth or chain-growth polymerization. 2. Condensation polymers form with the elimination of small molecules like water or ammonia, while addition polymers retain all atoms from the monomer in the polymer backbone. 3. Step-growth polymerization involves the step-by-step reaction of functional groups on different monomer molecules to form the polymer, while chain-growth polymerization rapidly propagates a growing polymer chain from an active site. 4. Common mechanisms for chain-growth polymerization include free radical

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    SINTESIS

    POLIMER
    How to Classify Polymerisations?

    According to kinetics and mechanism


     Addition versus Condensation polymerisation
     Step-growth or Chain-growth
     …and where does living fit in?
    According to polymerisation process bulk
    solution
    emulsion
    dispersion
    Mode of operation How many phases? precipitation
    Batch or Ab initio homogeneous suspension
    Semi-batch heterogeneous surface
    Continuous solid state
    POLIMERISASI
    REAKSI KONDENSASI
    POLIMER KONDENSASI
    POLIMER KONDENSASI
    POLIMER KONDENSASI
    POLIESTER
    REAKSI KONDENSASI
    POLIMER KONDENSASI
    Addition versus Condensation
    polymerisation
     Condensation polymers (C): fewer atoms in
    the backbone because of formation of by-
    products
    O O
    O O
    + N N *
    HO 2 OH H2N 6 NH2 * 4 6 n
    H H

     Addition polymers (A): the repeating unit


    contains the same atoms as the monomer
    n
    * *
    * * n
    O O
    O O
    Step-growth or Chain-growth?

     Step-growth: polymer molecules are build step


    by step
    A A + B B A B
    A B
    A
    A B B

     Chain-growth: fast growth of a polymer chain


    from active site
    Steps versus Chains
     Low average degree of  Degree of polymerisation
    polymerisation (DP) can be very high
     monomer consumed  monomer consumed
    rapidly but average “slowly” but average
    molar masses increase molar masses increase
    slowly fast
     No initiation  Initiation needed
     No termination  termination
     steady decrease of  steady-state conditions
    overall rate of with relatively a constant
    polymerisation as rate of polymerisation
    functional groups are
    consumed
    Replace: polymerisation=intelligence, monomer=music, molar masses=heartbeat,
    initiation=alcohol, termination=permanent hearing damage, functional groups=creative thoughts
    Is step-growth = Condensation?
    NH2 COCl
    +
    H2N ClOC

    …it seems so

    H n* + 2HCl
    N

    O
    *
    Is Chain-growth = Addition?
     The brightest idea ever….
    m
    * n C * C
    n+m
    Step-Growth Polymerization

    www.reference.findtarget.com
    Chain-Growth Polymerization

    www.chem.rochester.edu
    Chain-Growth Polymerization
     Polimerisasi : a. Anionik
    b. Kationik
    c. Radikal bebas
    d. Katalis logam
     Terdiri dari 3 tahap:
    a. Inisiasi
    b. Propagasi
    c. Terminasi
    1. Free Radical Polymerization
    Fundamental Mechanistic events

    initiation Generation of radicals


    Addition to monomer unit

    propagation Addition of monomer units

    chain stopping Bimolecular Termination


    Chain Transfer
    SIFAT MONOMER
    INISIATOR TERMAL
    INISIATOR TERMAL
    Radical Generation

     Thermolysis
    R N N R' R N N + • R' R• + N2 + • R'

    Thermal decomposition of azo-compounds

    NC CN
    N N
    N N
    CN CN
    2,2’-azobis(2-methylpropanenitrile) 1,1’-azobis(1-cyclohexanenitrile)
    (AIBN)
    R O O R' R O + R' O
    Thermal decomposition of peroxides

    O +
    Na O O
    O O S O O
    O O O O S +
    O O O Na

    Benzoylperoxide (BPO) di-tert-butylperoxide sodium persulfate


    FOTOINISIATOR
     Redox Initiators
    O 2+ 3+
    + _
    O H + Fe O + Fe OH

    Redox decomposition of cumyl hydroperoxide

    S2O42- + S2O32- SO4• + SO42- + •S2O3-

    Redox decomposition of persulfate


    DEKOMPOSISI INISIATOR
     Self initiation of monomer

    +
    H

    Diels-Alder molecular-assisted
    dimerization homolysis

    [1,3]-H shift Alder ene-reaction

    radical recombination
    CHAIN TRANSFER AGENT
    CHAIN TRANSFER AGENT
    PERCABANGAN
    TERMINASI
    POLIMERISASI ANIONIK
    Polimerisasi Anionik
     Reaksi pembentukan PMMA:

     Poli(metil metakrilat)
    Polimerisasi Kationik
     Reaksi pembentukan PCL:

     Poli(kaprolakton)
    POLIMERISASI KOORDINASI
    KATALIS ZIEGLER-NATTA
    Polimerisasi Katalis Logam
     Reaksi pembentukan PP dengan katalis
    logam Ziegler-Natta:
    Latihan Mandiri
     Bagaimana polimer berikut dibuat?
     Poliakrilonitril
     Polivinil klorida
     Polikarbonat
     Poliamida

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