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    Lectureopenhearthfurnace

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    Arindam Goswami
    The Bessemer process for steel making has become outdated because it requires specific compositions of pig iron, can only partially remove phosphorus and sulfur, and produces steel with high nitrogen levels. The open hearth process is superior because it can use scrap iron alone, refinement takes 8-10 hours rather than 10-20 minutes, operation can be more uniform through analysis, produces higher quality steel with fewer imperfections, and allows for more homogeneous products. The open hearth process involves charging raw materials into a furnace, melting them, refining to the desired analysis, and then tapping the steel out of the furnace.

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    Lectureopenhearthfurnace

    Uploaded by

    Arindam Goswami
    193 views5 pages
    The Bessemer process for steel making has become outdated because it requires specific compositions of pig iron, can only partially remove phosphorus and sulfur, and produces steel with high nitrogen levels. The open hearth process is superior because it can use scrap iron alone, refinement takes 8-10 hours rather than 10-20 minutes, operation can be more uniform through analysis, produces higher quality steel with fewer imperfections, and allows for more homogeneous products. The open hearth process involves charging raw materials into a furnace, melting them, refining to the desired analysis, and then tapping the steel out of the furnace.

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    lectureopenhearthfurnace

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    lectureopenhearthfurnace

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    The Bessemer process for steel making has become outdated because it requires specific compositions of pig iron, can only partially remove phosphorus and sulfur, and produces steel with high nitrogen levels. The open hearth process is superior because it can use scrap iron alone, refinement takes 8-10 hours rather than 10-20 minutes, operation can be more uniform through analysis, produces higher quality steel with fewer imperfections, and allows for more homogeneous products. The open hearth process involves charging raw materials into a furnace, melting them, refining to the desired analysis, and then tapping the steel out of the furnace.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    193 views5 pages

    Lectureopenhearthfurnace

    Uploaded by

    Arindam Goswami
    The Bessemer process for steel making has become outdated because it requires specific compositions of pig iron, can only partially remove phosphorus and sulfur, and produces steel with high nitrogen levels. The open hearth process is superior because it can use scrap iron alone, refinement takes 8-10 hours rather than 10-20 minutes, operation can be more uniform through analysis, produces higher quality steel with fewer imperfections, and allows for more homogeneous products. The open hearth process involves charging raw materials into a furnace, melting them, refining to the desired analysis, and then tapping the steel out of the furnace.

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    You are on page 1of 5

    MY: 301 Steel Making Processes

    Why Bessemer Process has become Out-dated?


    This process has got some limitation:
     Pig iron of selected composition is required to be charged.
     Phosphorus and sulphur (to some extent) can only be oxidized by basic
    Bessemer process.
     The steel contains high content of nitrogen, because air is blown for
    oxidation. This provides adverse effects and makes the steel unsuitable for
    most application such asdeep drawing purpose.

    Comparison between Bessemer and Open Hearth Process:

    S.No Bessemer Process Open Hearth Process


    1. Alone scrap iron cannot be used. Alone scrap iron can be used.
    2. Refining and finishing requires 10 Refining and finishing are completed
    to 20 minutes. within 8 to 10 Hours.
    3. Operation depends entirely on eye Operation is guided by laboratory
    judgment, so that it is very difficult analysis, so that it is comparatively
    to produce a uniform product. possible to produce a uniform product.
    4. It produces inferior quality steel Open hearth steel is of much superior
    associated with blow-holes quality containing lesser blow-
    and inclusion. holes and inclusion.
    5. Carbon is completely eliminated Carbon is partially removed and
    first and so requires large amount requires smaller amount of
    of recarburizer and the product recarburizers and the product is more
    become less homogeneous. homogeneous.
    6. Low capital investment. High capital investment.
    7. Because of rapidity of the process, Operation is comparatively easy and
    the control of different operation is finishing up to the desired analysis is
    rather difficult and careful working feasible.
    is necessitated.

    Page 1 of5
    MY: 301 Steel Making Processes
    Open Hearth Steel Making Process or Furnace (Siemens furnace):

     Introduction
     Working Procedure
     Construction of theFurnace

    INTRODUCTION TO OPEN HEARTH PROCESS:

    Page 2 of5
    MY: 301 Steel Making Processes

    Figure: Schematic arrangement of an early type of Siemens furnace with about a


    4.5 metric ton (5 net ton) capacity.

    A. gas and air enter B. pre- heated chamber C. molten pig iron D. hearth E. heating chamber (cold) F. gas and air
    exit.

    Working Procedure Steps:

    The process is divided into four steps.

    i) Fettling.
    Page 3 of5
    MY: 301 Steel Making Processes
    ii) Charging.
    iii) Melting.
    iv) Refining.
    v) Tapping

    Page 4 of5
    MY: 301 Steel Making Processes

    i) Fettling:

     The furnace lining gets eroded because of the action of the slag and/or metal,
    particularly at the slag-metal interface line.
     It is repaired after every heat this is calledfettling.
     It is to be done to improve the furnace life.
     Earlier it was done manually but now fettling machine do the job very
    efficiently.
     Granular material of the same composition as that of the furnace lining is used
    for that purpose.

    Page 5 of5

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