Dam of India

DAMS
•A large amount of water would run off from river

to oceans without being useful if dams are not
constructed.
•Water is the basic need of living organisms
and so it is necessary to store it.
•And so dams are built to store water and this
stored water is then used for various
purposes.
•Hence dams are an important structure in
civil engineering.
Definition
A Dam is a hydraulic structure of
fairly impervious material built across
the river to create a reservoir on its
upstream side for impounding water
for various purposes.
PURPOSES
 Store water(basic purpose)
 Raise the level of the water upstream to enable
water to be diverted into a canal or to increase
’hydraulic head’
 Irrigation
 Drought and Flood control
 Hydropower generation
 Navigation
 To develop fisheries
Structure of Dam
Upstream Crest Down stream
Spillway
MWL
Max. level (inside dam)
NWL
Normal
water level
Free board
Sluice way
Gallery
Heel
Toe
Heel: contact with the ground on the upstream side
Toe: contact on the downstream side
Abutment: Sides of the valley on which the structure of the

dam rest
Galleries: small rooms like structure left within the dam for
checking operations.
Diversion tunnel: Tunnels are constructed for diverting water

before the construction of dam. This helps in keeping the river
bed dry.
Spillways: It is the arrangement near the top to release the

excess water of the reservoir to downstream side
Sluice way: An opening in the dam near the ground level,

which is used to clear the silt accumulation in the reservoir
side.
FAMOUS DAMS OF INDIA
The Tehri Dam
1. The Tehri Dam is a multi-purpose rock and
earth-fill embankment dam on the
Bhagirathi River near Tehri in Uttarakhand,
India.
2.It is the primary dam of the Tehri Hydro

Development Corporation Ltd. and the
Tehri hydroelectric complex.
3.The dam is a 260 metres (850 ft) high rock

and earth-fill embankment dam.
Mullaperiyar Dam
1. Kerala Government has long been demanding
construction of a new dam in Mullaperiyar on the Kerala-
Tamil Nadu border.
2.Many believe that the existing 116-year-old dam could

pose safety hazard.
3. While the matter rests with the apex court.

India’s biggest and most famous dams, hailed by Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru as ‘The Temples of a Resurgent India’
Bhakra Dam
1.Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam across the Sutlej
River, and is near the border between Punjab and
Himachal Pradesh in northern India.
2.The dam, located at a gorge near the (now submerged)

upstream Bhakra village in Bilaspur district of Himachal
Pradesh, is Asia's second highest at 225.55 m (740 ft) high
next to the 261m Tehri Dam.
3.The length of the dam (measured from the road above it)
is 518.25 m; it is 9.1 m broad. Its reservoir, known as the
"Gobind Sagar", stores up to 9.34 billion cubic meters of
water, enough to drain the whole of Chandigarh, parts of
Haryana, Punjab and Delhi.
Hirakud Dam
1.Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi
River, about 15 km from Sambalpur in the
state of Orissa in India.
2. Built in 1957, the dam is one of the

world's longest earthen dam. Hirakud Dam
is the longest man-made dam in the world,
about 16 mi (26 km) in length.
3.It is one of the first major multipurpose

river valley project started after India's
independence
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
1.Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is the world's
largest masonry dam built across Krishna
River in Nagarjuna Sagar, Nalgonda District
of Andhra Pradesh, India, between 1955 and
1967.
2.The dam contains the Nagarjuna Sagar
reservoir with a capacity of up to 11,472
million cubic metres.
3.The dam is 490 ft (150 m). tall and 1.6 km

long with 26 gates which are 42 ft (13 m).
wide and 45 ft (14 m). Tall.
The Sardar Sarovar Dam
1. The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam
on the Narmada River near Navagam,
Gujarat, India.
2.It is the largest dam and part of the

Narmada Valley Project, a large hydraulic
engineering project involving the
construction of a series of large irrigation.
3.The project took form in 1979 as part of a

development scheme to increase irrigation
and produce hydroelectricity.
The Indirasagar Dam
1.The Indirasagar Dam is a multipurpose
key project of Madhya Pradesh on the
Narmada River at Narmadanagar in the
Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh in
India.
2.The Project envisages construction of a

92 m high and 653 m long concrete gravity
dam.
3. It provides Irrigation in 1,230 square
kilometres of land with annual production of
2700 million units in the districts of Khandwa
and Khargone in Madhya Pradesh.
The Bhavanisagar Dam
1.The Bhavanisagar Dam and Reservoir,
also called Lower Bhavani Dam, is located
on the Bhavani River between
Mettupalayam and Sathyamangalam in
Erode District,
Tamil Nadu, South India.
2.The dam is situated around 16 km (9.9

mi) west to Satyamangalam and 35 km (22
mi) from Gobichettipalayam, 36 km (22 mi)
north-east to Mettuppalayam and 70 km (43
mi) from Erode and 75 km (47 mi) from
Coimbatore.
The Koyna Dam
1. The Koyna Hydroelectric Project is the largest
completed hydroelectric power plant of India. It is a
complex project consisting of total four dams with the
largest Dam built on Koyna River known as Koyna Dam
hence the name Koyna Hydroelectric project.
2.The total Installed capacity of the project is 1,920 MW.

The project consists of 4 stages of power generation.
Due to the project's electricity generating potential the
Koyna River is considered as the life line of Maharashtra.
The Idukki Dam
1. The Idukki Dam, located in Kerala, India,
is a 168.91 m (554 ft) tall arch dam.
2.The dam stands between the two

mountains - Kuravanmala (839) m and
Kurathimala (925)m.
3.It is built on the Periyar River, in the

ravine between the Kuravan and Kurathi
Hills in Kerala, India. At 167.68 metres, it is
one of the highest arch dams in Asia and
third tallest dam in India.
Krishna Raja Sagara Dam
1.Krishna Raja Sagara, also popularly
known as KRS, is the name of both a lake
and the dam that causes it.
2.Sir. Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya

served as the chief engineer during the
construction of this dam. The dam is named
for the then ruler of the Mysore Kingdom,
Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV.
The Mettur Dam
1. The Mettur Dam is a large dam in India
built in 1934.
2. It was constructed in a gorge, where the

Kaveri River enters the plains.
3.The dam is one of the oldest in India. The

total length of the dam is 1,700 m (5,600 ft).
The Srisailam Dam
The Srisailam Dam is a dam constructed
across the Krishna River at Srisailam in the
Kurnool district in the state of Andhra
Pradesh in India and is the second largest
capacity hydroelectric project in the country.
2.The dam was constructed in a deep gorge

in the Nallamala Hills, 300 m (980 ft) above
sea level. It is 512 m (1,680 ft) long, 145 m
(476 ft) high and has 12 radial crest gates.
3. It has a reservoir of 800 km2 (310 sq mi).

Konar dam
Konar dam is the second of the four multi-
purpose dams included in the first phase of
the Damodar Valley Corporation.
2. It was constructed across the

Konar River, a tributary of the
Damodar
River in Hazaribagh district in
the Indian state of Jharkhand and opened in
1955.
3.The place has scenic beauty and has

1.The Tungabhadra dam is constructed across
the Tungabhadra River, a tributary of the
Krishna River.
2. The dam is located near the town of Hospet in
Karnataka.
3. The dam creates the biggest reservoir on the
Tungabhadra River with 101 thousand
million cubic feet (tmc) of gross storage
capacity at full reservoir level (FRL) 498 m
MSL, and a water spread area of 378 square
kilometres.
4. The dam is 49.5 meters high above its
deepest foundation

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DAMS

•A large amount of water would run off from river

Toe: contact on the downstream side

Abutment: Sides of the valley on which the structure of the

Diversion tunnel: Tunnels are constructed for diverting water

Spillways: It is the arrangement near the top to release the

Sluice way: An opening in the dam near the ground level,

2.It is the primary dam of the Tehri Hydro

3.The dam is a 260 metres (850 ft) high rock

2.Many believe that the existing 116-year-old dam could

3. While the matter rests with the apex court.

2.The dam, located at a gorge near the (now submerged)

2. Built in 1957, the dam is one of the

3.It is one of the first major multipurpose

3.The dam is 490 ft (150 m). tall and 1.6 km

2.It is the largest dam and part of the

3.The project took form in 1979 as part of a

2.The Project envisages construction of a

2.The dam is situated around 16 km (9.9

2.The total Installed capacity of the project is 1,920 MW.

2.The dam stands between the two

3.It is built on the Periyar River, in the

2.Sir. Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya

2. It was constructed in a gorge, where the

3.The dam is one of the oldest in India. The

2.The dam was constructed in a deep gorge

3. It has a reservoir of 800 km2 (310 sq mi).

2. It was constructed across the

3.The place has scenic beauty and has

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