HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE- III

•RICHARD MEIER
•CESAR PELLI
•FUMIHIKO MAKI

By:
Vishnuteja Gudelli(116ar0005)
Tanima Guha(116ar0006)
 RICHARD MEIER
• Born in Newark, New Jersey on October
12, 1934
• American abstract artist and architect
• clear rationalism and modernism
• Architectural features:
 geometric designs
 White colour :symbol of purity
 overlapping patterns
 geometric shapes
 the aluminum finish panels
 an undulating volume in the façade
• designed several iconic buildings
1. BARCELONA MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART
(Barcelona , spain, 1995)

Interior
 Modernism
southern elevation glazed allowing abundance of natural light to illuminate the interior
galleries.
•Entry to the gallery space is through a cylindrical, top-lit gallery/foyer
•white enameled-steel panels
•louvered skylights
.
use of white cylindrical columns separated from the wall or the configuration of a double-
height space
Overlapping concrete slabs
Elevation

plan View
 2. JUBILEE CHURCH(Rome, Italy,1998)
•Geometry
•diffused light through glass roof between
the shells
•the entrance is provided with a buffer
space and a second door

• composition of basic elements i.e.,contrast

between cube and sphere ,and the in-between
spaces and connections.

•concrete and glass

•the interior is covered with wood and
travertine marble entrance
Interior gallery
•superb handling of light

concept
•the three enormous shells give a feeling of:
lightness - due to the small thickness of the shells
heavy - due to the absence of openings on large white concrete surfaces
•The shells are made by prefabricated self-substainig concrete panels
3. THE ATHENEUM (NEW HARMONY, INDIANA, UNITED
STATES)
Building materials:

• Reinforced concrete
• Steel
• Enamel painted sheet metal panels
• Glass
• Designed for community events
• Spatial experience created around
moving observer
• Eliminates duality between interior and
exterior
4. SAN JOSE CITY HALL IN CALIFORNIA

Glass rotunda
Top of the rotunda
CESAR PELLI

• Born October 12, 1926, Argentine, United

States
• Founder of Pelli Clarke Pelli
• Design – Metallic
• Art deco-influenced buildings
1. THE PETRONAS TOWERS (1973)

•twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur

Double decker sky bridge- connects the two towers on the 41st and 42nd floors for
inter-tower communication and circulation

•The foundation slab is of

concrete
•Replacing steel with
concrete slab
•Presence of islamic motifs
and symbols
•Depiction of an islamic
gateway
Pelli’s Success in making skyscraper islamic:

•Pelli’s initial idea of having a skywalk in between two giant

towers to give an appeal of an islamic gateway
•Floor plates derived from islamic geometric patterns
•Line of symmetry
 diamond-faceted facade consisting of stainless steel
extrusions
 panel curtain wall cladding system
 On the top of each tower is a pinnacle.
• aircraft warning lights
• Islamic minaret design
 Interiors
• fabric and carvings typical of the local culture
 88-floors
 Construction material :
• super high-strength reinforced concrete.
• steel and glass facade (designed to resemble motifs found in Islamic art)
• Stainless steel element highlights towers in sun.
• laminated glass reduces heat by reflecting harmful UV rays.
 diamond-faceted facade consisting of stainless steel extrusions
 panel curtain wall cladding system
 On the top of each tower is a pinnacle.
• aircraft warning lights
• Islamic minaret design
 Interiors
• fabric and carvings typical of the local culture
 Floor plan •Pelli used the Rub el Hizb, an
important symbol found in many
Islamic cultures, as a way to generate
the plan of the building.
• The Rub el Hizb is characterized by
two overlapping squares, one rotated
45 degrees, with a circle inscribed in
the center which represents order and
harmony.
• Pelli used the symbol as the footprints
to both towers resulting in two
Rub el Hizb
extruded 8 point towers that reflected
Furthur modifications: Islamic art.

Embellished the floor plan with semi-circular scallops

Kuala lumpur city centre site
ENTRANCE LOBBY:
Geometric design on the floor that features a radial
swirl of stainless steel embedded in black granite

A shopping and entertainment gallery connects the office towers

at the base, integrating the entire complex
 2. PACIFIC DESIGN CENTER
• Dynamic and flowing
• open and light-filled interior and delivers a
powerful and dramatic statement on the
exterior.
• Architecture of response: This was a case
where the needs and requirements of this
building were such that they should be
colorful and eye catching.”
The Pacific Design Center building was originally envisioned as a single,
free-​standing structure
Houses 3 buildings
These buildings were built years apart:
The building sheathed in “Blue” glass (known as the Blue Whale) opened in
1975;
The “Green” building opened in 1988.
The "Red" building opened in 2013.

glass skin design

embraces exaggerated
planes, unusual shapes, and
cheerful colors
Pelli conceived of the
buildings as “oversized
fragments fallen to earth”
They are united by central
courtyards and walkways
BLUE WHALE

"slick tech"-an exaggeration of the technological image toward the glossy and
ultra-smooth.
Glass membranes used-transparent, semi-transparent, and opaque.
 “As a gathering place, it created the environment for West Hollywood to
happen.” – Cesar Pelli
Skylit barrel vault extends the full length of the building
GREEN BUILDING

 Unique in shape and color

 Materials, scale and detailing correspond to the first building.
 Both buildings are organized as a series of stacked two-​level atria.
 The buildings connect at the terrace and first floor levels.
 RED BUILDING

 Composed of two curved, sloping towers atop seven levels of parking

 Facade of the Red Building includes both transparent and fritted glass.
 To create a taut, all-glass appearance, the red glass is held in its aluminum
frames with silicone.
3. NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ART, OSAKA
The steel sculpture is allowed to sway, to some extent,
in all directions." says Pelli. "Given its height and
location, wind and earthquake design posed unique
engineering challenges. Also, many of the steel tubes
must penetrate the skylight glass. For these junctures,
the architects designed a watertight seal with a
bellows. The bellows allow the steel tube to move 4–6
inches in any direction without breaking the glass or
causing leaks. "
•presents an explosive, amorphous facade,
completely free of geometric constraints
•The facade, however, stands as a light structure -
made of stainless steel tubes coated in titanium-
that emerges from the ground level,exceeds 50
m. in height, and spreading like the wings of a
mystical bird
•This sculpture wraps the steel and glass lobby,
which affords generous natural light to the
interior.
First floor, courtesy of the National Museum of
Art, Osaka

Dotted with nice details, such as a series of

columns which flourish from a single point to
the ceiling, the main function of this modern
greenhouse is to provide natural light to the
underground galleries.
4. HANCHER AUDITORIUM

• curved, sweeping balconies and terraces which respond to the bend and flow of
the Iowa River and its surrounding topography
• shape and geometry creates a dramatic theatrical experience
• The skylights that appear on different levels reinforce the shape of the building
and allows for dramatic secondary lighting and transparency. Its tapered and
cantilevered forms allow for the maximum amount of transparency at all levels of
the public lobbies.
• Exterior Materials
The exterior skin is comprised of stainless steel and glass ribbons. The cypress wood
soffits lend a welcoming and inviting quality to the building, enhancing the natural
warmth of the spaces as it transitions from exterior to the interior.
 FUMIHIKO MAKI
• Japanese architect ,born on
September 6, 1928 in Tokyo
• Architectural style : juxtaposition of
Japanese traditional architecture and
modern architecture
• Pritzker prize holder
1. SPIRAL BUILDING

CONCEPT: "fusion of art and life”

• combined the use of commercial

functions (fashion shops, stores,
restaurant, café, beauty salon)
with cultural and artistic activities
carried out in a multipurpose
room (fashion shows, art and
contemporary design exhibitions,
theater, dance, concerts, etc)
 • Unforgettable scenes in a frame
• Facade – Aluminium , Glass

• Geometric shapes
• White colour
• Aluminium finish
• Undulating volume in the facade
• Overlapping of patterns
• Overlapping of geometric shapes
• Use of white cylindrical columns separated
from the wall or the configuration of a
double-height space
• "In this building I wanted to represent
the chaos of the city and for that
purpose I took the typical elements of
modern architecture, such as cube,
cone and the hemisphere and combined
them in an integral way."
• Multi storey atrium and
interior views
• Two storey cafe space
2. TOKYO METROPOLITAN
GYMNASIUM
• futuristic design
• Glass panels in roof
(for sufficient daylight)
• Huge inclined
supporting elements to
support the gallery
• Truss like supporting
system
Truss details
3. 51 ASTOR PLACE , New York

• there is an exterior cladding of black and

silver glass with black granite and aluminum
fins
•rentable office and retail space.
• The structural steel and concrete slab
building
•aluminum curtain wall.
• it boasts a distinctive angular design on each
of its four sides
 4. AGA KHAN MUSEUM

• Museum of Islamic art, Iranian

(Persian) art and Muslim culture in
Toronto, Canada

White facade with dramatic entrance.

The interior courtyard is a traditional
feature of Islamic architecture
Interior view of the museum
THANK YOU