• INTRODUCTION

• HISTORY
• CLASSIFICATION
• INDICATIONS &
CONTRAINDICATIONS
• COMPOSITION
• CLINICAL PROCEDURES
• SETTING REACTION
• PROPERTIES
• FEW APPLICATIONS OF GIC
• MODIFICATIONS OF GIC
• RECENT ADVANCES
• CONCLUSION
Glass ionomer is a water based cement

• ADA specification number: 96

• During the last decades, an increasing variety of dental restorative materials
have conquered the market.
• Gold and ceramics are the main standard material used for indirect
restorations, and until the late seventies amalgam was used for direct
restorations.

• Today, the decreased number of amalgam fillings is also influenced by a

high demand for tooth-colored and biocompatible restorations.
• Great strides in dental research have led to a variety of alternatives to
amalgam one of which is Glass Ionomer Cement
• In dentistry adhesion of restorative materials to tooth substance is an
important objective.
• It is believed that a restorative material should resemble the tooth in all
respects.
• Glass ionomer cement are described as a hybrid of dental silicate cements
and zinc polycarboxylates.

• Glass ionomer cements, are materials made of calcium, strontium

aluminosilicate glass powder (base) combined with a water-soluble
polymer (acid).
“Glass-ionomer is the generic name of a group of
materials that use silicate glass powder and aqueous
solution of polyacrylic acid” - Kenneth J Anusavice
• GIC Acquired its name from its composition of glass particles and an
 ionomer that contains carboxylic acid.
• Extensive use of this cement to replace dentin , has given it different
names:

1) Dentin substitute

2) Man made dentin

3) Artificial dentin

4) Alumino Silicate PolyacrylicAcid(ASPA)

 First clinical trials in 1970 by Mc Lean

 Class I restorations, fissure sealing and preventive dentistry

in 1974 by Mc Lean and Wilson

 Erosion lesions, deciduous teeth, lining, luting,composite/ ionomer

laminates in 1977 by J. W. Mclean & A. D. Wilson.

•The glass ionomer powder is an acid soluble calcium
fluoroalumino silicate glass- ion leachable glass.

• Composition of two commercial glass ionomers

Compound Composition Composition

A(wt%) B(wt%)
SiO2 41.9 35.2

Al2O3 28.6 20.1

AlF3 1.6 2.4

CaF2 15.6 20.1

NaF 9.3 3.6

AlPO4 3.8 12.8

 Basic component is a calcium alumino silicate containing fluoride.
 Glasses are prepared by fusing the components between 11000c -
15000 c then pouring the melt onto a metal plate or into water.
 The glass is then ground to a fine powder, size ranging between
20µ for luting to 50µ for restoration.
 They get decomposed by acids due to the presence Al +3 ions which
can easily enter the silica network.
 It is this property that enables cement formation
•ROLE OF COMPONENTS IN POWDER

•The role of Al2O3 & SiO2 of the glass is crucial and is

required to be of 1:2 or more by mass for cement
formation.

•CaF2-Supplemented by the addition of cryolite (Na3AIF6).

•This flux
-reduces the temperature at which the glass will fuse
-increases the translucency of the set cement.
• Fluoride is an essential constituent which
- Lowers fusion temp., acts as flux
- improves working characteristics &
strength
- improves translucency
- improves therapeutic value of the
cement by releasing fluoride over a
prolonged period

• Al3PO4-Improves translucency.
Apparently adds body to the cement
paste
•LIQUID

•Polyacrylic acid --- 45 %

•Water --- 50 %
•Modifiers Itaconic acid --- 05 %
maleic acid
tricarballylic acid
viscosity ,inhibits gelation , shelf life.
•Tartaric acid --- Working Time & setting time.
•The liquid is an aqueous solution of polymers
and copolymers of acrylic acid.
•In most of the current cements,the acid in the form of a
coploymer with itaconic ,maleic ,or tricarboxylic acids.
•polyacrylic acid-is the most important acid contributing to
formation of the cement matrix.
• Water-
• It is reaction medium.
•It serves to hydrate the siliceous hydrogel and the metal
salts formed.
•It is essential part of the cement structure. If water is lost
from the cement by desiccation while it is setting, the
cement-forming reactions will stop.
•Glass ionomer cements are water-based materials
•Plays a role in transporting calcium and aluminium ions to react with
poly acids.

•Types:
- Lossely bound water
-Tightly bound water

•With the aging of cement, the ratio of tightly bound to loosely bound
water increases
•Accompanied by an increase in strength, modulus of elasticity and
decrease in plasticity
•Cement is only stable in an atmosphere of 80% relative humidity
•In higher humidities the cement absorbs water and the consequent
hygroscopic expansion can exceed the setting shrinkage.

•Cement can lose water under drying conditions, however leading to

shrinking and crazing.

• Susceptibility to desiccation decreases as the cement ages

•This is prevented if protected for about 10 to 30 mins (depends on

manufacturer).

• ITACONIC ACID
• Itaconic acid promotes reactivity between the glass and the liquid.

•It also prevents gelation of the liquid which can result from
hydrogen bonding between two polyacrylic acid chains
 Tartaric acid

- Increases WT

- Increases translucency

- Improves manipulability

- Increases strength

5-15% of optically active isomer of TA is added.

 Polyphosphates: extends Working Time.

 Metal oxides: accelerates Setting Time.

Glass ionomer cements in dentistry : a review International journal of plant, animal

and environmental sciences 2011;1(1)
A.ACCORDING TO A.D. WILSON AND J.W.McLEAN IN
1988
Type I --- luting cements
Type II --- restorative cements
a.Restorative aesthetic
b.Restorative reinforced

B. ACCORDING TO SKINNERS
Type I – Luting
Type II- Restorative
Type III- Liner and base
• Type I --- Luting cement eg. Fuji I, KETAC
• Type II --- Restorative material eg. Ketacfil, Fuji II, fuji IX
• Type III --- a. Bases & liners -- weak with less acidic
b. Bases & liners -- stronger but more acidic
c. Bases & liners -- strong even in thin layer
• Type IV --- Admixture --- eg. Ketac silver, miracle mix

D. ACCORDING TO J.W.McLEAN et al IN 1994

- Glass ionomer cement (traditional)
-Resin modified glass ionomer cement
-Poly acid modified composite resins
E. ACCORDING TO INTENDED APPLICATIONS

• Type I – Luting
• Type II – Restorative
• Type III – Liner/base
• Type IV – Pit & fissure sealant
• Type V – Luting for orthodontic purpose
• Type VI – Core buildup material
• Type VII – High fluoride releasing command set
• Type VIII – Atraumatic restorative treatment
• Type IX − Pediatric Glass Ionomer cements
• Traditional glass ionomer
a. Type I --- Luting cement
b. Type II --- Restorative cements
c. Type III --- Liners&Bases
• Metal modified Glass Ionomer
a. Miracle mix
b. Cermet cement
• Light cure Glass Ionomer
HEMA added to liquid
• Hybrid Glass Ionomer/resin modified Glass Ionomer
a.Composite resin in which fillers substituted with glass
ionomer particles
b.Precured glasses blended into composites
To ensure successful Glass Ionomer restoration following parameters
are to considered:-
1.Preparation of tooth surface

2.Proportioning & mixing

3. Protection of cement during setting

4. Finishing

5.Protection of cement after setting

1. Select the appropriate shade of the cement.

2. Isolate the tooth with rubber dam where there is any risk of gingival
seepage or bleeding.

3. Prepare the cavity- erosion/abrasion lesion:-clean only with pumice

slurry

-Carious lesion: conventional instrumentation to remove caries and

provide some mechanical retention.
4. Where there is less than 0.5mm of remaining dentin , line the cavity
with a fast setting Ca(OH)2

5.Apply a surface conditioner to the cavity to remove the smear layer and
improve the adhesion.

6. Dispense the cement on a cooled glass slab and mix quickly (30 secs for
hand mixing and 10 secs for machine mixing). Alternatively a paper
pad can be used. The mix should have a glossy appearance
7. Wash and lightly dry the cavity. The surface should be dried but not
desiccated as this tends to reduce the wettability. Insert the cement
using a spatula or a syringe

8. Place a preshaped matrix wherever possible.

9. Allow to set.

10.Remove the matrix and immediately apply varnish or bonding agent.

11. Trim any excess, external to the cavity with scalpel blade.

12. Reapply varnish or bonding agent.

13. The final polishing should be delayed till the next appointment or at least

24hours.

14. Reapply varnish or bonding agent after polishing.

- Best surface finish obtained – if cement allowed to set under matrix.
- Carving the cement external to the cavity margins with sharp knives or scalers
- Finest abrasive should be used to minimize tearing.
- Finishing with rotary instruments should be done at subsequent visit.
 Full spoon, no excess

Tip liquid bottle to side, then

invert completely
If water / tartaric acid, only 1 drop
used.
Don’t mix beyond 30 seconds
The objective is – only wet the particle – no
dissolving it.

First half folded into liquid in 10-15seconds

Second half incorporated in 15 seconds

Small mixing area
GIC --- 60 – 90 sec

Resin-modified GIC --3 – 3.5 min

•It sets rapidly in the mouth that is within 3-5 min and hardens to
form a body having translucency that matches enamel
• Setting time for type I –GIC – 5 -7 min
• Setting time for type II–GIC --10 min
• Film thickness should not exceed 20µm for luting agents
• To activate capsule apply
pressure 3-4 seconds
before placing in machine
• Ultrahigh speed machine :
4000 cycles/minute
• (< 3000 cycles/minute –
not desirable)
 Setting reaction
• IT IS AN ACID BASE REACTION BETWEEN ACIDIC POLY ELECTROLYTE
AND BASIC GLASS POWDER.

DECOMPOSITION ---DECOMPOSITION OF GLASS POWDER BY ACID RESULTING IN

RELEASE OF IONS.

MIGRATION ---THESE IONS MIGRATE INTO AQUEOUS MEDIUM

GELATION ---CAUSED BY MULTIVALENT ALUMINIUM AND CALCIUM IONS

DISPLACING VARIOUS SPHERES OF HYDRATION THAT INTERPOSE THEMSELVES
BETWEEN CATION-ANION ION PAIRS

POST SET HARDENING AND SLOW MATURATION ---HARDENING AND

PRECIPITATION CONTINUE FOR ABOUT 24 hrs ACCOMPANIED BY SLIGHT
EXPANSION UNDER CONDITIONS OF HIGH HUMIDITY AND DEVELOPMENTOF
TRANSLUCENCY.
 The glass particles are attacked at the surface by poly acid which leads to
withdrawal of the cations thus the glass network breaks down.

 Principally Al3+, Ca2+, F-, are released and migrate into aqueous phaseof
cement and form complexes

 Initially calcium complexes predominate but later aluminium complexes are

more.

 pH and viscosity increases

• At critical pH and ionic conc. Precipitation of insoluble poly acrylates
takes place.

• Initial set occurs due to calcium polyacrylate but hardening of cement

is due to slow formation of aluminium polyacrylate
• When cement is not fully hardened Al, Ca, F and polyacrylate ions
may leach out leading to irretrievable loss of cement matrix

• Calcium acrylate is more vulnerable to water. So the freshly set

cements are to be protected.
• This process continues for about 24 hrs

• Undergoes slight expansion and increase in translucency

• Cement becomes resistant to dessication and strength also increases
for at least a year.

• Increase in strength and rigidity are associated with slow increase in

cross linking..
 WEARANDFATIGUE

THERMALCOMPATIBILITY
PROPERTIES
ADHESION

ANTICARIOGENIC PROPERTIES

BIOCOMPATIBILTY

AESTHETICS
luting cement

PROPERTY VALUES
1.Setting time(min) 7.0

2.Film thickness(µm) 24

3.24 hr compressive strength(Mpa) 86

4.24 hr diametrical tensile 6.2

strength(Mpa)
5.Elastic modulus(Gpa) 7.3

6.Solubility in water(Wt%) 1.25

7.Pulp response Mild to moderate

 PROPERTY GLASS IONOMER CERMET HYBRID
II IONOMER

1.Compressive 150 150 105

strength(Mpa)

2.Diametrcal 6.6 6.7 20

tensile
strength(Mpa)
3.Knoop 48 39 40
hardness(KHN)

4.Solubility(ANSI/ 0.4 - -
ADATest)

5.Pulp response mild mild mild

•Biocompatibility
• Resistance to plaque because presence of F
• Pulp response to GIC is favorable
•The influence of fluoride action is seen of at least 3 mm
around the glass ionomer restoration
•Released for a sustained period of 18 months (Wilson et al
1985)
•Thickly mixed cements release more flouride than thinly
mixed ones.
•Glass ionomers may have synergistic effects when used
with extrinsic fluorides

•In the presence of an inverse fluoride concentration

gradient, glass ionomers may absorb fluoride from the
environment and release it again under specific conditions

•topical APF (acidulated phosphate fluoride), with fluoride

rinses and fluoridated dentifrices recharging takes place
• Thermal Properties:
•The thermal diffusivity value of GIC is close to that for
dentin.
•The material has an adequate thermal insulating effect
on the pulp and helps to protect it from thermal trauma
• Solubility & disintegration
lower than ----Zn phosphate
Zn polycarboxylate
In water --- less than Silicate cement
Resin-modified GIC is less resistant to solubility
• Compressive strength < silicate cement
• Tensile strength --- higher -- silicates
• Hardness < silicates
• Wear resistance < composites

• ESTHETICS
• Glass ionomer cement has got a degree of translucency
because of its glass filler
•Unlike composite resins, glass ionomer cement will
not be affected by oral fluids
• The esthetic quotient depends upon
1.Refractive index of glass particles and matrix
2.Particle size
3.translucency of glass particles
Affected by the factors
• Inadequate preparation of the cement
• Inadequate protection of restoration
• Variable conditions of mouth

Failure rate is more a measure of clinician’s skill than inherent

quality of the material
• One of the longest observation periods for the conventional
glass ionomers in non-carious cervical lesions showed
retention in the order of 90% after 10 yrs for KetacFil
• Some other properties
• Low exothermic reaction
• Adheres chemically to the tooth structure
• Less shrinkage than polymerizing resins
• Dimensional stability at high humidity
• F release discourages microbial infiltration
• Early moisture sensitive --- requires protection
• Poor abrasion resistance
• Average esthetic
1. Restorative materials:

• Restoring of erosion/ abrasion lesions without cavity

preparation.

• Sealing and filling of occlusal pits and fissures

• Restoration of deciduous teeth.

• Restoration of class III lesions, preferably using a

lingual approach with labial plate intact.

• Repair of defective margins in restorations

• Minimal cavity preparations – Approximal lesions, Buccal and Occlusal

approach (tunnel preparation)

• Core build-up
• Provisional restorations where future veneer

crowns are contemplated

• Sealing of root surfaces for overdentures.

• Lining of all types of cavities where a biological seal and cariostatic
action are required

• Replacement of carious dentin and the attachment of composite

resins using the acid etch technique .

• Sealing and filling of occlusal fissures showing early signs of

caries.
• Fine grain versions of the glass ionomer cement are used.

• Useful in patients with high caries index

 Class IV carious lesions or fractured incisors.
 Lesions involving large areas of labial enamel where
esthetics is of major importance

 class II carious lesions where conventional

cavities are prepared.
 Replacement of existing amalgam restorations.
 Lost cusp areas.
PIT AND FISSURESEALENTS
FEWAPPLICATIONS
OFGIC IN
TUNNEL PREPARARTIONS
RESTORATIVE
DENTISTRY
COREBUILDUP

CLASSIII RESTORATIONS
• First described By Mc Lean & Wilson In 1977.

 The procedure involves :-

• Placing GIC as base of cavity .

• Etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 1 min
causes surface roughness
• Dentin bonding agent is applied.
• Placing composite restoration.
• GIC acts as a dentin substitute
• The high contraction stresses produced (2.8 – 3.9 Mpa) by the
polymerization shrinkage are reduced as the amount of composite is
reduced .
• Microleakage is reduced.
• Minimization of no. of composite increments, therefore time is saved.

Close sandwich technique

Open sandwich technique

• A cariostatic action is essential for caries ,preventive material GIC is
recommended as a P and F sealant where the orifices of the fissureare
patent .

• The size of the fissure should allow sharp explorer tip to enter the crevice
which should be > 100 µ wide. Otherwise, GIC can get lost through erosion
due to its low wear resistance and solubility.
• The metal reinforced glass ionomer cements are used for this purpose

• Glass ionomer cements reinforce the teeth &prevent root fracture when root
canals are over widened.
• First described in 1963

• Conservative alternative cavity preparation in primary molars.

• Indication:- Small proximal caries with out involvement of marginal

ridges.
 They are used for:
• Root end fillngs
• Root canal sealer
• Perforation repair
• Intraorifice barriers
• Temporary coronal restorations
GIC is used because of :
• Its capacity to bond which enhances seal &
reinforce the tooth
• Its good biocompatibility, which would minimize
irritation to peri radicular tissues
• Its F release ability, which imparts an antimicrobial effect
to combat root canal infection.
Clincal application of glass ionomers in endodontics: a review – zahed mohammadi
at al International dental journal2012;62:244-250
 Water settable glass ionomer cement :-
• Liquid is delivered in a freeze dried form ,which is
incorporated into the powder.

• Liquid used is clean water.

MIRACLE MIX / SILVER ALLOY ADMIX GIC
• Sced and Wilson in 1980 incorporated spherical
silver amalgam alloy into Type II GIC powder in
a ratio of 7:1

Powder
• Glass –17.5%
• Silver –82.5%
Particle size of silver is 3 – 4µm
Liquid
• Aqueous solution of copolymer of acrylic acid and
or maleic acid—37%
• Tartaric acid 9%
• Poor resistance to abrasion
• Resistant to burnishing
• Poor aesthetics
• Also called as cermet ionomer cements

• McLean and Gasser in 1985 first developed

• Fusing the glass powder to silver particles that can be made
to react with polyacid to form the cement

• Sintering is done at high pressure more than 300MPa and at

a temperature of 8000C which is ground to fine powder
particle size of 3.5 µm

• 5%titanium dioxide is added to improve aesthetics

• It has excellent handling characteristics

Indications
• Core build –up material
• Root caps of teeth under over dentures
• class I cavities in primary teeth
• Lining for class SAF
• Preventive restoration
• Temporary posterior restoration

Contraindications
• Anterior restorations.
• Areas subjected to high occlusal loading
• developed by Antonucci, Mc Kinney and SB Mitra.

• Addition of polymerizable resins to the formulation to import

additional curing process to the original acid base reactions.

Definition: RMGIC can be defined as a hybrid cement that sets via

an acid base reaction and partly via a photo- chemical
polymerization reaction.

Eg:Fuji II LC, Vitrebond, Photac –Fil, Vitremer, FujiV.

• Powder: Ion leachable glass and initiators for light /
chemical / both types of curing
• Liquid : water + Polyacrylic acid modified with MA
and HEMA monomers.
• The HEMA content is around 15-25% and water
content is low to accommodate the polymerizable
ingredients.

• It is a powder : liquid system with P:L = 3:1

 • Luting cement esp. in orthodontics
• Liner and base
• Pit and fissure sealant
• Core build up material
• For amalgam repair

ADVANTAGES
• Long Working time and Snap setting
• Early water sensitivity is reduced
• Rapid development of early strength
• No etching is needed either to tooth for adhesion or for
the material if composite lamination is to be done.
• Bonding to composite is higher
• Finishing can be done immediately
• F release
• Diametrical tensile strength is higher

• DRAWBACKS
• Of course some drawbacks still need to be
tackled such as
increased shrinkage with concurrent microleakage
Low wear resistance as compared to composites
Its controversial biocompatibility
Photac Fil Quick Aplicap GC Fuji Plus Capsule Ketac Nano; a paste-paste
system using static mixing.
 Recent advances in
Glass ionomer cement
Self hardening GIC

Low viscosity / flowable GIC

Condensable GIC / High Viscosity GIC

Fluoride charged GIC

New fluoride
releasing GIC
Low pH ‘SMART’
MATERIALS
Fibre-reinforced GIC

Giomer

Hainomer

Amalgomer
Chlorhexidine impregnated GIC

Proline containing GIC

CPP-ACP containing GIC

Zirconia cotaining GIC

Nano Bio ceramic modified GIC

Calcium Aluminate GIC

FLUORIDE
RELEASING
CAPABILITY DURABILITY
OF GIC OF
COMPOSITES

COMPOMER
• Definition: Compomer can be defined as a material
that contains both the essential components of GIC
but at levels insufficient to promote the acid –base
curing reaction in the dark
• Compomer is a combination of the word ‘comp’ for
composite “omer” for ionomer.
• Though introduced a type of GIC, it became
apparent that terms in of clinical use and
performance it is best considered as a composite
• P& F sealant
• Restoration of primary teeth, class III and V lesions
along with cervical abrasions and erosions and
intermediate restorations
• Bases for composites, liners
• Small core build ups
• Filling of pot holes & undercuts in old crown
preparations
• Root surface sealing
• CONTRAINDICATIONS
• Class IV lesions
• Conventional class II cavities
• Lost cusp areas
• Restorations involving large labial surface

• ADVANTAGES
• Superior working characteristics to RMGIC
• Ease of use
• Easily adapts to the tooth
• Good esthetics
• Recently, a 2 component compomer is being marketed as a P: L
system or 2 paste system meant exclusively for luting.
• These are self adhesive due to the presence of water which
starts off the acid base reaction.

• The powder contains the glasses, fluoride & chemical / light

initiators .

• liquid contains the monomers, Poly acrylic acid, water and

activators. These set via light chemical polymer as well acid base
reaction.
• To summarize the differences between the three
types of materials:

• Fluoride Release and Rechargability

GICs>RMGICs>PAMCRs
• Wear Resistance
PAMCRs>GICs>RMGICs
• Strength
PAMCRs>RMGICs>GICs
• Ease of Handling
PAMCRs>RMGICs>GICs
• Polishability and Esthetics
PAMCRs>RMGICs>GICs
• These are basically, purely chemically activated RMGIC
with no light activation at all.
• Developed mainly for luting purposes, they contain
monomers and chemical initiatiors such a the benzoyl
peroxide and t- amines to allow self polymerization.
• It is used mainly in paediatric dentistry for cementation
of stainless steel crowns,space maintainers, bands and
brackets
• According to j Leirskar et al 2001, the high viscosity occurs to the
material by adding poly acrylic acid to the powder and finer grain
size distribution.

Advantages over conventional GIC’s

( A Castro & R F Feigal,2001)

• Packable + Condensable
• Easy placement
• Non sticky
• Rapid finishing can be carried out
• Improved wear resistance
• Solubility in oral fluids is very low
• As a final restorative material in class I and Class II primary teeth

• Geriatric restorative material for class I,II,III,IV cavities and cervical

erosion

• Final restorative material in permanent teeth in non stress bearing

areas

• Intermediate restorative material in class I and class II cavities

• Sandwich restoration

• Core build up material

• Fissure sealing material for permanent teeth

Ketac Molar Aplicap GCFuji IX Capsule
• For lining, pit and fissure sealing
• endodontic sealers
• for sealing of hypersensitive cervical areas
• These had a low P:L ratio and possessed increase
flow.
eg: Fuji lining LC, Fuji III and IV, Ketac – Endo.
• This idea was developed by Hench and co in 1973.
• It takes into account the fact that on acid dissolution
of glass, there is formation of a layer rich in Ca and
PO4 around the glass
•such a glass can form intimate bioactive bonds with
the bone cells and get fully integrated with the bone.
It is being used experimentally as
• Bone cement
• Retrograde filling material
• For perforation repair
• Augmentation of alveolar ridges in edentulous ridges
• implant cementation
• Infra- bony pocket correction
• Incorporation of alumina fibres into the glass
powder to improve upon its flexural strength

• This technology called the Polymeric Rigid

Inorganic Matrix Material or PRIMM developed
by Dr. Lars Ehrnsford

• It involves incorporation of a continuous network

/ scaffold of alumina and SiO2 ceramic fibres
•Due to the ceramic fibers there is increased depth of cure as
light conduction and penetration is enhanced.

•Polymerization shrinkage is reduced as resin is confined

within the chambers.

•There is also improved wear resistance Increase in flexural

strength.
• Developed by Shofu
• Giomer utilizes the hybridization of GIC and composite by using a
unique technology called the pre-reacted glass ionomer technology.

• \

Eg: Beautiful, Reactmer

• These are restoratives which are glass ionomer based
but with the strength of amalgam.
• They also provide F- release, natural adhesion to
tooth structure, good compatibility and prevent
shrinkage, creep, corrosion or thermal conductivity
problems associated with other filling materials
• They have been found to have exceptional wear
characteristics, along with other advantages of GIC
• These are newer bioactive materials developed by
incorporating hydroxyapatite within glass ionomer
powder.
• These are mainly being used as bone cements in oral
maxillofacial surgery and may a future role as retrograde
filling material.
• Studies have shown that they have a role in bonding
directly to bone and affect its growth and developement
• To increase the anticariogenic action of GIC

• Still under experimental stage.

• Experiments conducted on cariogenic

organisms
•An amino acid-containing GIC had better surface hardness
properties than commercial Fuji IX GIC.

•Considering its biocompatibility, this material shows promise

not only as a dental restorative material but also as a bone
cement with low cytotoxicity

J Prosthet Dent. 2013 Nov;110(5):408-13. doi:

10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.04.009. Epub 2013
Aug 30.ANSARI et al.
• Incorporation of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium
phosphate into a glass-ionomer cement.
Mazzaoui SA et al. J DENT RES 2003 NOV 82(11)

•
 ZIRCONIA CONTAINING GIC

• Zirconia containing GIC – A potential substitute for miracle mix.

NANO BIOCERAMIC MODIFIED GIC

• Nano hydroxyapaptite / fluorapatite particles added to FUJI II GC

•A hybrid product with a composition between that of calcium
aluminate and GIC, designed for luting fixed prostheses.

•The calcium aluminate component is made by sintering a mixture

of high-purity Al2O3 and CaO (approximately 1 : 1 molar ratio) to
create monocalcium aluminate.

•The calcium aluminate contributesto a basic pH during curing,

reduction in microleakage,excellent biocompatibility, and long-term
stability andstrength.
calcium aluminate GIC.
• References
• Glass ionomer cement by Alan D.Wilson and John W. Mclean
• Philips science of dental materials, 11th ed & 12th ed
• Sturdevant’s Art and science of operative dentistry, Fifth edition
• Craig’s Restorative dental materials, Twelfth edition
• G J Mount and R W Hume Text book of Minimal intervention dentistry
• Advances in Glass ionomer cement , Carel L. Davidson, J Minim Interv
Dent 2009; 2 (1)
• Clinical evaluation of glass-ionomer Cement restorations, Martin John
TYAS J Appl Oral Sci. 2006;14(sp.issue):10-3
• Scripta Materialia volume 52, issue 2. Y.W. Gu et al
• Acta biometerialia volume4 issue2 march 2008 MOSHAVERINIA et al
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