Antonio Luna

GEN.
ANTONIO LUNA
Short biography
Born on Oct. 29,1866 in Urbiztondo, Binondo
district, Manila.
The youngest of seven children of Ilocano
parents; his father, Joaquín Luna, hailed from
Badoc, Ilocos Norte Province, and his mother,
Spanish mestiza Laureana Novicio, was a native
of Namacpacan (now Luna), La Union Province.
His brother, Juan, is recognized as one of the
greatest Filipino painters.
Antonio Luna was a Filipino scientist and soldier
who lived in the late 19th century. His name is
recognized primarily as the hot-tempered
general who fought against the United States in
the Spanish-American War and was eventually
assassinated by his own soldiers, but he was also
widely recognized in the scientific community for
his research of contagious diseases. His efforts to
free the Philippines from American rule and his
pharmaceutical and environmental science
findings both left their mark on his country.
 Antonio Luna studied Bachelor of Arts at
the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1881, studied
pharmacy at the Univerity of Santo Tomas along
with literature where his essay entitled “Dos
Cuerpos Fundamentales de la Quimica” (“Two
Fundamental Bodies of Chemistry”) won first prize
in a competition, but finished it in Barcelona,
Spain. He obtained his Doctor of Medicine at
the Central University of Madrid in 1890.
 His 1893 thesis on malaria was entitled “El
Hematozoario del Paludismo,” was favorably
recognized by both physicians and medical
scientists.
 Luna moved on to Paris, where he
researched bacteriology and histology at the
Pasteur Institute, and later to Belgium, where he
studied medical chemistry.
 In Spain, Luna joined the Propaganda Movement, a
cultural and literary organization of Filipino
expatriates; it called for the assimilation of the
Philippines as a province of Spain, Filipino
representation in the Spanish legislature, freedom
of speech and the press, and Filipino equality before
the law. Like most of the Filipino reformists,
he joined Masonry and rose to Master Mason. He
commissioned Pedro Serrano Laktaw to secretly
organize Masonic Lodges in the Philippines to
strengthen the Propaganda Movement.
 He wrote in La Solidaridad under the Nom de
Plume "Taga-Ilog" He also managed the
paper La Independencia.
 In 1894, he was given a grant for research from
the spanish government to study tropical and
communicable diseases.
 Antonio took a post as the Chemist Expert of the
Municipal Laboratory of Manila, where he was
the first person to conduct environmental
science studies.
 Later that year, he won the post of Chemist
Expert of the Municipal Laboratory of Manila.
 Antonio and his brother, Juan, also opened a fencing
school, the Sala de Armas (ABOVE), on Calle Alix
(now Legarda St.), in Sampaloc district, Manila.
 He joined the Katipunan in 1892
 The Katipunan was discovered in
1896, Luna and his brother Juan were
arrested and put in jail in Fort
Santiago.
Carcel Modelo in Madrid
 Juan was later released, but Antonio was exiled
to Spain in 1897 and put in prison in Madrid.
 During his time in prison he had decided to join
the revolution and, after studying military
science and strategy in several European cities,
he returned to the Philippines in July 1898.
General Gerard Mathieu Leman
 Appointed as chief of war operations
on September 26, 1898 as Brigadier
General.
 Appointed commanding general of
the Philippine army on January 23,
1899.
 He started a military academy at Malolos on
Oct. 25, 1898 and became known as a strict
disciplinarian, which made him rather unpopular
among the soldiers he trained.
 On May 5, 1899, the Schurman Commission
proposed autonomy for the Philippines but US
would hold absolute power.
 Apolinario Mabini was dismissed and Pedro
Paterno was appointed as a new head of the
cabinet.
The Salt Lake Herald, issue of May 8, 1899, Page
1
 Paterno appointed a commision of nine to
negotiate with the Americans regarding
Philippine autonomy, it was chaired by the
Secretary of foreign affairs Felipe
Buencamino.
 He began a newspaper that was published
daily with the goal of uniting the Filipino
people around the idea of becoming an
independent nation. The paper was a huge
success.
 December of 1898 brought the Treaty of Paris, in
which Spain turned control of the Philippines
over to the United States. The battles that
followed between the Philippine and American
armies were horrific. Insubordination and
confusion among Filipino troops eventually
caused Luna to resign as genral, though three
weeks later he returned to the army.
 On June 5, 1899, he was assassinated by
physical force and stabbing by his own people
- Filipino soldiers whom Luna had either
insulted, arrested, or disarmed for
insubordination. Antonio Luna is known as
one of the greatest, if not the greatest,
Filipino general.

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