Ethical Considerations in Research

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Ethical Considerations in

Research
By:
Ben Kwofie
Introduction
• Openness and Honesty
• Develop a code of ethics
• Provides details about what you intend to do with the information
• Intent to treat the information provided confidentially
• Code of Ethics deals with:
• Anonymity
• Confidentiality
• Right to comment
• The final report
• Data protection
When introducing yourself to your
participants…..
• Details of who you are (student and course).
• Details of the organization for which you work or at which you study.
• Information about who has commissioned/funded the research, if
relevant.
• Information about your project – topic and objectives
• Details about what will happen to the results.
• Information about the personal benefits to be gained by taking part in
the project.
Anonymity
• Show steps being taken to show that what participants have said
cannot be traced back to them
• How would you categorise and store the information
• How would you secure it from people with unscrupulous intentions
• Would you change the names of people, towns and organizations?
• How would you ensure that what someone says cannot be used
against them in the future?
Confidentiality
• You need to show that information supplied to you in confidence
would not be disclosed directly to third parties
• If in a group, the rest of the group must also agree not to disclose the
information to third parties
Right to comment
• Some researchers believe that willing participants should be
consulted throughout the research the research process
• If a participant is unhappy with the emerging results and report, they
have the right to comment and discuss alterations
• Some researchers believe once thee information is provided, its up to
them what they do with it
• Its important to let participants know where you stand
The final report
• Important to let participants know what is going to happen with the
results
• Who will receive a free copy of the report?
• Will the report be on public display
• Will participants get a copy (if long, produce a summary)
Data Protection
• Show that you understand the Data Protection Act and that you
intend to comply with its rules.
• The Ghana Data Protection Act
• It sets rules for processing personal information and applies to paper
records as well as those held on computers.
• It covers issues such as acting fairly and lawfully;
• not keeping the information longer than necessary;
• making sure that the data is accurate and kept secure.
Example
• Anonymity
• I guarantee that I will not use any names and addresses in the final report, or
store or categorize information using names and addresses. This will help to
ensure that what you have said during the discussion will not be traced back
to you by third parties.
• Confidentiality
• I guarantee that I will not disclose directly any information provided in this
group to third parties, unless permission has been granted to do so. As some
of the comments made in this group may be of a personal or private nature,
other participants should respect the confidentiality of individuals and also
not disclose information directly to third parties.
Example continued
• Your right to comment
• I agree to keep you informed about the progress of the research. If at any
stage you wish to comment on the emerging results or final report you may
do so. I agree to listen to your comments and make relevant alterations, if
appropriate.
• The final report
• This research is funded by [name of organization or funding body]. A copy of
the final report will be sent to this organization, to the University library and
to anyone who has taken part in the research who has requested a copy.
• Data Protection
• The researcher will comply with the Data Protection Act ……...

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