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Stress Anxiety and Depression

The document discusses stress, anxiety, and depression in youth, outlining their causes and symptoms, as well as treatment approaches focusing on balancing the mind, body, and spirit through healthy lifestyle habits, stress management techniques, and medical interventions if needed. Maintaining this balance is important for overall mental wellness and coping with life's challenges.

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148 views47 pages

Stress Anxiety and Depression

The document discusses stress, anxiety, and depression in youth, outlining their causes and symptoms, as well as treatment approaches focusing on balancing the mind, body, and spirit through healthy lifestyle habits, stress management techniques, and medical interventions if needed. Maintaining this balance is important for overall mental wellness and coping with life's challenges.

Uploaded by

Musa yohana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stress, Anxiety and

Depression
Presentation for Youthnet,
Cottage Boardroom,
Nov 16, 2005
Michael Cheng, Psychiatrist
http://www.drcheng.ca
 This presentation is protected under a
Creative Commons Deed (
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
by-nc-sa/2.0/
 You are free to copy, distribute,

display and perform this work, as long


as this work is not used for commercial
purposes
Goals
 An overview about stress, anxiety and
depression in youth
 What is it

 What causes it

 What can you do about it

 Where to get help (in Ottawa)


Top Questions from Youthnet
Facilitators
 What is the meaning of life?
 What is bipolar?

 Common causes of teenage depression?

 What to do when having an anxiety

attack?
 Where to refer someone with

mood/anxiety problems (in Ottawa)?


It’s All About
Balance
Q. What do normal people need in
life?
Everyone needs a healthy body,
mind, spirit
Body
1. Body (Physical,
Biological Self)
2. Mind (Psychological,
Emotional Self)
3. Spirit (Spiritual Self)

Note: Overlap, e.g.


psychological
interventions can
cause biological
changes, and vice Mind
versa Spirit
The Triple A
Agency / Autonomy / Achievement

Activity (as
opposed to
passivity)

Affiliation
(Relationships)
The Triple C
Control

“Chipper” (or
being active)

Connections
with Others
Three P’s
Power

Proactive

People
Point A Point B
(Goals)
Obstacles such as stress
(at home, school, work),
depression, anxiety

Point A Point B
(Goals)
Life is full of
things that cause
imbalance (in
mind, body, spirit)
Typical stresses in our modern
society
 Body
– Medical / physical illness
– Lack of sunlight / Drug Use
 Mind / Social
– School / Work
– Classmates / co-workers
– Family
– Friends
– Boyfriends/girlfriends
 Spirit
Life is a balance between coping
and stress

Demands /
Expectations /
Coping Ability Stresses
Problems if demands,
expectations or stresses outweigh
coping

Coping Ability Demands /


Expectations /
Stresses
There are two solutions to restore
the balance...

 Coping Ability  Demands /


Expectations /
Stresses
Stress can lead to:
 Physical problems
 Emotional or mood problems such as

– Depression
– Anxiety
– Eating Disorders
– OCD
– Any problems with mood/coping...
Prevalence of Mental Disorders in
Children and Adolescents in Canada
(Stats Can, 2002, age 0-19)
Anxiety Disorder 6.5%
ADHD 3.3%
Depressive Disorder 2.1%
Substance Abuse 0.8%
Schizophrenia 0.1%
Bipolar Disorder 0.1%
Eating Disorder 0.1%
Etc... Etc...
ANY DISORDER 15%
Mood Disorders: What is It?
 Everyone gets sad from time to time
 Just enough sadness is good because it
alerts people to do something to
change their situation
 Mood disorders are when people’s
moods are so extreme that it gets in
the way of life
 It is not normal, and is not something
that someone can easily ‘snap out of’
Mood Disorders: To Diagnosis or
Not to Diagnosis?
 Classified according to the DSM-IV
 For formal DSM-IV criteria for disorders, visit
www.mentalhealth.com
 Although imperfect, the DSM-IV nonetheless
reflects an improvement from the past,
when there was no common language in
talking about what was, or was not a mental
condition
 Each version of the DSM gives us a greater
understanding of mental conditions
Mood Disorders: To Diagnosis or
Not to Diagnosis?
 Pros
– Gives us a common language
– Allows people to learn and get support about
their condition or problems
 Cons
– Being ‘labelled’ may carry a stigma (perhaps
stigma is the true problem?)
– The fact that people may misuse a diagnosis to
avoid responsibility for a problem
– Being put into a box
My personal bias...
 Appropriate use of a ‘diagnosis’ in the
right situation can be helpful
Example of How To Use a
Diagnosis
 “You’ve told me that before having these
problems with your mood, you were always a
happy, high achieving, outgoing person.”
 “You’ve mentioned having problems with
your mood, sleep, appetite, concentration
and energy, and that you’ve been feeling
hopeless.”
 It sounds like you may have a medical
condition called depression. The good news
is that this condition is very treatable and
we can help you feel better again.”
Example of How To Use a
Diagnosis (Cont’d)
 “You are not responsible for causing
this condition.”
 “However, it is mainly up to you to get

better.”
 “But the good news is that you are not

alone – we will support you in


overcoming the depression.”
Mood Disorders: Types
 Major Depression (aka Clinical
Depression, Major Depressive Episode)
 Dysthymic Disorder (aka low grade

depression)
 Adjustment Disorder (mood problems

following a stress, but not severe


enough to be major depression
 Bipolar Disorder
Major Depression
 Problems with mood (sad, angry,
irritable), PLUS
 Physical problems with
– Sleep, Energy, Appetite, Concentration
 May also have problems with
– Thoughts
• Low self-esteem
• Hopelessness / Suicidal thoughts
– Behaviors
• Social withdrawal, loss of function
Dysthymic Disorder
 Problems with mood (sad, angry,
irritable), PLUS
 Some physical problems

 Some problems with

– Thoughts
– Behaviors
 BUT is not as severe as Major
Depression
Adjustment Disorder
 Problems with mood (which are not
severe enough to meet for depression
or dysthymic disorder) following a
stress
 Does not involve significant changes
Bipolar Disorder
 A condition with severe highs and lows where
one’s moods are like a roller coaster, to the
point it causes problems
 During highs
– Mood high or irritable, excessive energy, less
need for sleep, excess talking, excess activities
 During lows
– No energy, depressed mood, more need to sleep,
i.e. essentially like being depressed
Anxiety Disorders
 Everybody has worries and gets anxious
from time to time
 Just enough anxiety is helpful because

it keeps us cautious and safe


 Anxiety Disorders are when one has so

many worries that they get in the way


of life
Types of Anxiety Disorders (or
Conditions)
 Generalized Anxiety Disorder
– Constant worries with physical symptoms that
cause problems
 Panic Disorder
– Out of the blue feelings of panic that cause
problems
 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
– Repetitive thoughts or behaviors that cause
problems
 Social Anxiety Disorder
– Extreme shyness that causes problems
Restoring the
Balance
A General Approach to Helping
Others
 Figure out the person’s goals
– “What would you like to get from coming
here to see me/us?”
 Figure out what to do to get to that
goal
– “What do you think we need to do to get
to your goal?”
A General Approach to Helping
Others
 Figure out what stress is causing (or
contributing to) the anxiety or
depression
– Usual stresses include
• School
• Family
• Friends
 Problem-solve and find ways to deal
with that stress
Approach to Conflicts
 Conflict is when two parties want or
expect different things
 Solution

– Figure out what each party wants or


expects from the other
– Ensure it is reasonable
– For things that each party wants in
common, great!
– For things that each party disagrees on,
negotiate and compromise
Everyone needs a healthy body,
mind, spirit
Body
1. Body (Physical,
Biological Self)
2. Mind (Psychological,
Emotional Self)
3. Spirit (Spiritual Self)

Note: Overlap, e.g.


psychological
interventions can
cause biological
changes, and vice Mind
versa Spirit
Body
 Ensure healthy amounts of
– Sleep
– Diet/nutrition
– Exercise
• Individual exercise
• Group / social exercise
• Yoga / Martial Arts
– Sunlight (in the case of winter depression)
Body
 Medications may be a helpful ‘body’ or
physical intervention in certain
circumstances
 For anxiety and depression, in general

– Non-medication strategies are tried first


– Medications are used if non-medication
strategies are unsuccessful
Body
 Common types of ‘self-medication’
– Sweets, carbohydrates, chocolates
• May possibly be a way of getting serotonin
– Exercise
• May be a way of getting adrenaline /
dopamine
– Caffeine
• May be a way of getting adrenaline /
dopamine
– Street drugs
Mind
 Ensure good coping strategies and ways
to deal with stress
– School / work
– Family
– Friends and
– Boyfriends/girlfriends
Mind
 Psychotherapy such as cognitive
behavior therapy
– Anxiety or depression is caused by
cognitive distortions
– Fixing cognitive distortions will overcome
the anxiety or depression
Thoughts
Spirit
 Figure out what gives meaning to the
person’s life
 Ensure those things are in the person’s

life
Types of Help for Anxiety and
Depression
 Speaking with friends
 Speaking with family

 Speaking with religious supports (e.g.

chaplain, priest, rabbi, iman, etc.)


Types of Professional Help for
Anxiety and Depression
 School personnel (teachers, guidance
counselors, vice-principal, social
workers, coach, etc.)
 Medical Doctors (family physicians,

pediatricians, psychiatrist)
 Psychologists

 Counselors

 Social Workers
Questions?

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