EDUCATIONAL REFORMS AND

NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL POLICY

SUBMITTED TO:-

SANJAY KUMAR GUPTA

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SINPMS, BADAL
SUBMITTED BY:-
DEEPALI MAHAJAN
M.Sc Nsg.Ist Year
 Educational reforms in India Since
Independence- Flaws & Suggestions
•The systems of education constitute as the foundation of the legal ,
civic , administrative and also development domains of future
unfolding India.
•In the year 1948-49 it was the Radhakrishnan Commission on
university education, in the year 1952-53 Laxmanaswamy Mudaliar
Committee on secondary education and later in the year 1964-66 it
was the Kothari commission on education though there are several
these three can be looked as an important.
FAILURE OF IMPLEMENTATION
• As in our country no dearth of ideas or
suggestions in bringing out changes in
educational system, but the several ideas are
lacking in putting them into action.
• Lacks the goal of universal which requires
constitutional directive which has become a
distant dream , the gains we made in terms of
enrolment will be set to nil by the drop out high
incidence.
Cont’d
• Inadequacy of infrastructure facilities.
• Main aim of the around quarter strength of the
total students were opting for vocational system
of education, though the recommendations
were accepted as an policy decision, the
implementation granted additional 5 years term
but till date it fails to take off.
Cont’d
• Fast deterioration in the standard of education in the university
level of education , as our universities by and large never
functioned as centers of excellence instead they have widened
the horizons of knowledge , failed to provide intellectual
leadership which were desired in the initial stages.
• Lacks to reflect the national ethos , national spirit which were marked as
an important aspect , inculcating the national feeling and which helps the
students to develop a national vision is another aspect of educational ,
one must have the knowledge of history , tradition and its values , one
must understand the basic of our national unity and our culture , but not
now lot of inputs required to imbibe a sense of national pride , which is
required to be included in the present curriculum.
Cont’d
• The main purpose of education should not become to
create just human robots of making skilled manpower
towards the global market , educational levels should to be
changed and it should be become an effective instrument
for economic development for a social change.
• The individual and material gains are the main goal
and focus of the present educational systems ,
these needs to be addressed properly in all levels
of education.
CHANGES REQUIRES IN
UNIVERSITY AND HIGHER
EDUCATIONAL LEVELS
• A formal community system of education in
high level is feasible here which will provide
horizontal and vertical mobility inside the
academic framework , and frequent
examination of such procedures are
requirement at the moment.
Change in examination system
• It needs a thorough and detailed revision to make the present
examination a comprehensive system with evaluation abilities
and also achievements of the students , this process must cease
to be a mechanical exercise and also a fault finding process.
• Independent body to govern education
Formulate an independent or autonomous body like
judiciary or election commission etc., as one can
expect a required guidance from such bodies , which
will co-ordinate and also monitor the educational
policies implementation
Recommendation of various
committees pertaining to nursing
education
1.Health survey and development committee( Bhore committee
1946).
• Establishment of nursing colleges
• Creation of an all India nursing council.
2. Shetty committee1954
• Improvement in conditions of training of nurses
• Minimum requirements for admission to be in accordance with
regulation of the INC
Cont’d
3. Health survey and planning committee( Mudaliar
Committee1959-61)
• Three grades of nurses viz. The basic nurses(4 yrs) , auxillary
nurse midwife(2yr) and nurses with a degrees qualification.
• For GNM minimum entrance qualification matriculation
• For degree course passed higher secondary or Pre university
• Medium of instructions preferably English in General
Nursing.
• Degree course should be taught only in English
Cont’d
4. Mukherjee committee , 1966.
• Training of nurses and ANM’S required for family
planning.
5. Kartar singh committee, 1972-73
• Multipurpose health worker scheme
• Change in designation of ANM’S and LHV.
• Setting up of training division at the ministry of
health and family welfare
Cont’d
6. Sarojini varadappan committee , 1990
• Two levels of nursing personnel.
• Post basic B.Sc nursing degree to continue.
• Masters in nursing programme to be increased and
strengthened.
• Doctrate in nursing programme to be started in
selected university.
• Continuing education and staff development for
nurses.
Cont’d
7. Working group on nursing education and
manpower, 1991.
• By 2020 the GNM programme to be phased out.
• Curriculum of B.Sc nursing to be modified
• Staffing norm should be as per INC.
• There should be deliberate plan for preparation of
teachers M.Sc / M.Phil and Phd degrees.
• Improvement in functioning of INC
• Importance of continuing education for nurses.
NATIONAL POLICY ON EDUCATION
1986, 1992
• Our young and dynamic former prime minister late Sri Rajiv
Gandhi announced his desire to introduce a new education
policy for the country as soon as he assumed his office in
1985 that policy was formulated and announced in 1986 as
THE NATIONAL POLICY ON EDUCATION -1986(NEP-86).
• When new education policy was announced, the country
still implemented the 1968 policy through what was
popularity called the 10+2+3 pattern has laid the
foundation of a national system of education for the
country.
Objectives of NPE-1986
• The main trust of the policy is the man and his/her
preparation to face the 21st century.
• The concept of national education system implies
that up to a given level all students irrespective of
caste , creed , sex etc. have access to education of a
comparable quality.
• The NEP will be based on a national circular frame
work , which contains a common core along with
other components that are flexible.
Cont’d
• To motivate the younger generation for international
cooperation and peaceful coexistence.
• To encourage the young to understand the discovery
of India its image and preparation.
• To establish network arrangements between
different institutions in the country to pool their
resources & participate in projects of national
importance in the areas of research development.
Cont’d
• To provide opportunities to the youth , housewives &
industrial workers etc. to continue the education of their
choice at the pace suited to them .
• The union government would accept a large responsibility to
reinforce the national & integrative character of education , to
maintain quality and standards to study & monitor the
educational requirements of the country.
• To integrate physically and mentally handicapped with the
general community as equal partners to prepare them for the
normal growth and to enable them to face the life with
courage and confidence.
NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY-1992

• NPE, 1986 was revised and placed on 7th May , 1992.

These modifications were evolved through the same
process through which the NPE, 1986 was evolved.
The review of the NPE, 1986 revealed that its
framework is good enough to lead the nation forward
for years to come. On the basis of the
recommendations of NPERC and JRC some of the
programs of NPE,1986 have been revised to form
program 1992. Dr. Arjun Singh was the HRD minister
during this time.
Women’s Education

• Special care must be taken to send girls to

schools and help the drop out to make use
of the open system , further , women ,
should to encouraged to go for vocational ,
technical and professional education.
• Education for S. c/S. t and Other Backward
Section
• In every scheduled caste village there
should be a primary and upper primary
school.
• Pre-school education , elementary
education and adult education
Cont’d
• SC/ST children unable to receive formal
education must be helpful to join NFE
and distance education.
• Scholarships , textbooks , mid-day meals
, uniforms etc . may be given to them.
• Teachers should be organize drivers in
the beginning of every academic year to
enroll all SC/ST children of school going
age.
• NFE centers shall be well equipped.
Cont’d
• Operational backboard shall cover all the
schools of SC/ST area.
• Families of SC/ ST must be given incentives to
send their children to school.
• Mother tongue should be the medium of
instruction of the children of tribal area.
• MLL already set for primary education should
be achieved.
Education of Minorities
• The program of the education of
the minorities are short term , long
term and medium term.
• These programs must be evaluated
and corrective measures must be
taken periodically.
Education of the Handicapped
• The education of children with motor
handicaps and other mild Handicaps will be
common with that of others.
• Special schools with hostels will be
provided, as far as possible at district
headquarters, for the severely handicapped
children.
Cont’d
• Adequate arrangements will be made to give
vocational training to the disabled.
• Teachers' training programmes will be
reoriented, in particular for teachers of
primary classes, to deal with the special
difficulties of the handicapped children; and
• Voluntary effort for the education of the
disabled, will be encouraged in every possible.
 Adult education
• Establishment of continuing education centres
of diverse kind to enable adults to continue
their education of their choice;
• Workers' education through the employers,
trade unions and government;
• Wider promotion of books, libraries and
reading rooms;
• Use of radio, TV and films ~ as mass as well as
group learning media;creation of learners'
groups and organisations; and programmes of
distance learning.
Early Childhood Care and Education
(ECCE)
• Development of young child, particularly
children from sections of the population in
which first generation learners predominate.
• Recognising the holistic nature of child
development, viz., nutrition, health and social,
mental, physical, moral and emotional
development, Early Childhood Care and
Education (ECCE) will receive high priority and
be suitably integrated with the Integrated Child
Development Services programme, wherever
possible.
Elementary Education
• MLL is given top priority.
• The scope of OB has been enlarged to provide
reasonably large rooms and there teachers in every
primary schools. It also been decided to extended
Ob to UP schools.
• 50% of the teachers recruited in future shall be
women.
• Free and compulsory education to all children
below 14 years before the beginning of 21 st century.
Secondary Education
• Secondary education begins to
expose students to the differentiated
roles of science, the humanities and
social sciences.
• Access to secondary education will
be widened with emphasis on
enrolment of girls, SCs and STs,
particularly In science, commerce
and vocational streams.
 Vocational Education

• The target for coverage under vocational courses has

been revised to 10% for higher secondary students
by 1995 and 25% by 200.
• Children at higher secondary stage shall be given
generic vocational courses.
o Higher Education
• Higher education provides people with an opportunity
to reflect on the critical social, economic, cultural,
moral and spiritual issues facing humanity.
• Courses and programmes will be redesigned to meet
the demands of specialisation better. Special
emphasis will be laid on linguistic competence. There
will be increasing flexibility in the combination of
courses.
Cont’d
• State level planning and .co-ordination of higher
education will be done through Councils of Higher
Education. The UGC and these Councils will develop
coordinative methods to keep a watch on standards.
• A major effort will be directed towards the
transformation of teaching methods. Audiovisual aids
and electronic equipment will be introduced;
development of science and technology curricula and
material, research, and teacher orientation will receive
attention
 Open Studies
• There must be an open university in every fee
for the courses should be on the basis of
objectives of the courses.
 Rural Universities and Institutions
Technical Manpower Education
Research and Development
• There should be a national research finding mechanism in
science and engineering .
• New national research facility be established in campuses
of educational institutions.
 Sports, Physical Education and Youth
• To achieve this objective the services of NYKS, NSS ,
Bharath scouts , guides , NCC and National Volunteers
Scheme will be expanded and developed in schools and
colleges.
Evaluation Process and Examination
Performs
• Emphasis is on testing of expected levels of achievement.
• Semester system shall be introduced .
• Appropriate courses in examination reform will be
developed by IGNOCS.
• Examination reform center will be established.
• Legislation will be introduced to check malpractices in
examinations.
• National evaluation organization will be developed as a
quality control mechanism
• A strong monitoring evaluation body must be established.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• BHASKAR NIMA “Textbook of Nursing
Education” Emmess medical publication, Pp
34-40.
• R SUDHA “Nursing Education Principles and
concepts” Jaypee brothers , Pp 35-40.
• NEERJA KP “Textbook of nursing education”
Jaypee brothers , First edition PP 118-121.