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    Speech Production: Discriminate Sounds (Minimal Pairs) Stress & Intonation

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    Brenda Ting St
    This document provides an overview of speech production, including discriminating between sounds using minimal pairs, and stress and intonation. It defines minimal pairs as words that differ by a single phoneme. Examples of minimal pairs that illustrate contrastive sounds in English are provided. The document also defines and provides examples of primary stress, secondary stress, and intonation patterns in English and how they convey meaning and attitude. Exercises are suggested for practicing discriminating sounds and analyzing stress and intonation in utterances.

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    Speech Production: Discriminate Sounds (Minimal Pairs) Stress & Intonation

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    Brenda Ting St
    97 views25 pages
    This document provides an overview of speech production, including discriminating between sounds using minimal pairs, and stress and intonation. It defines minimal pairs as words that differ by a single phoneme. Examples of minimal pairs that illustrate contrastive sounds in English are provided. The document also defines and provides examples of primary stress, secondary stress, and intonation patterns in English and how they convey meaning and attitude. Exercises are suggested for practicing discriminating sounds and analyzing stress and intonation in utterances.

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    WEEK 4 Speech Production

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    This document provides an overview of speech production, including discriminating between sounds using minimal pairs, and stress and intonation. It defines minimal pairs as words that differ by a single phoneme. Examples of minimal pairs that illustrate contrastive sounds in English are provided. The document also defines and provides examples of primary stress, secondary stress, and intonation patterns in English and how they convey meaning and attitude. Exercises are suggested for practicing discriminating sounds and analyzing stress and intonation in utterances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    97 views25 pages

    Speech Production: Discriminate Sounds (Minimal Pairs) Stress & Intonation

    Uploaded by

    Brenda Ting St
    This document provides an overview of speech production, including discriminating between sounds using minimal pairs, and stress and intonation. It defines minimal pairs as words that differ by a single phoneme. Examples of minimal pairs that illustrate contrastive sounds in English are provided. The document also defines and provides examples of primary stress, secondary stress, and intonation patterns in English and how they convey meaning and attitude. Exercises are suggested for practicing discriminating sounds and analyzing stress and intonation in utterances.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    GEC 1033 – WEEK 4

    SPEECH PRODUCTION
    DISCRIMINATE SOUNDS (MINIMAL
    PAIRS)
    STRESS & INTONATION

    PREPARED BY:
    NOR ‘AZAH BT. ABD. AZIZ
    UNIT PENGAJIAN INGGERIS, JABATAN BAHASA
    IPG KAMPUS IPOH

    1 IRA/IPGKS
    DISCRIMINATE SOUNDS

    MINIMAL PAIRS

    2 IRA/IPGKS
    Minimal Pairs
     Minimal pair refers to two or more words which
    are identical except for one phoneme that occurs
    in the same position in each word.
     In other words, when 2 distinct words are
    distinguished by a single phone occurring in the
    same position, they constitute a minimal pair.
     E.g. pain /pen/
    bane /ben/
    main /men/
     Minimal pairs illustrate that some speech sounds
    are contrastive in a language and these
    contrastive sounds represent the set of
    phonemes of that language.
    Activity: Find minimal pairs in the
    initial, medial and final positions.

    MP INITIAL MEDIAL FINAL


    /∫/ ; /s/ ship, sip bushes, buses hash, has
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.

    IRA/IPS 4
    MINIMAL PAIRS
    bed - bad saw - sought boot -
    boat
    soot - suit but - boot
    why - way
    know - now wreath - wreathe leak -
    lick
    look - luck sock - suck
    vest - vast
    cod - card dug - dog
    thirst - first
    fair - fear pay - bay
    read - lead
    need - mead zoo - sue near -
    ne'er
    catch - cash azure5 - assure jet -IRA/IPGKS
    desk
    A disk, fan van
    minimal pair is a pair of words that
    vary by only a single sound, usually
    meaning sounds that may confuse
    English learners, like the /f/ and /v/
    in fan and van, or the /e/ and /ɪ/
    in desk and disk
    Different kinds of pronunciation
    pairs

    1. 2.
    ship / sheep cursor’s / curse’s
    place / plays a current of air / a current affair
    I blocked it / I’ve locked it
    3. 4.
    hair / air REcord / reCORD
    gold / goal GREENhouse / green HOUSE
    support/sport BUS stop / bus STOP
    thirteenth / thirteen
    liked / like

    5. 6.
    Alice’s here / Alice was They’re leaving. Soon it’ll be
    here quieter. / They’re leaving soon. It’ll
    I like to cook / I like the be quieter.
    cook Who said “Martin”? / “Who?”, said
    7.

    Tell me everything you know.


    She tells me
    everything,
    “Blue Mountain” is kind of coffee
    a
    “Blue Mountain” is nice
    Where are you from? South AFRICA.
    Which part of Africa are SOUTH Africa.
    you from?

    I’ve got some bad news for you. What?


    I’m afraid your house has burnt What!
    down.
    10.
    wait / weight
    stopped aching / stop
    taking
    greet guests/Greek
    guests
    the officers changed / the
    office has changed
    STRESS &
    INTONATION
     Stress is the relative emphasis that
    may be given to certain syllables in a
    word, or to certain words in a phrase
    or sentence.
     In English, stressed syllables are
    louder than non-stressed syllables.
    Also, they are longer and have a
    higher pitch.
    Let’s consider the following
    example first:
    Question: What is the difference in the way the following two sentences
    sound?

    A. He is going tomorrow.
    B. He is going tomorrow?

    Answer: The ‘melodies’ of the two sentences are different:

    • The melody of sentence A drops at the end, making it a statement.


    • The melody of sentence B rises at the end, making it a question.
    • In languages like English, we call these sentence melodies intonations.
    • All spoken languages have intonations.
    Primary Stress
     The strongest degree
    of stress placed on a syllable in the
    pronunciation of a word.
     The mark (′) used to indicate the
    strongest degree of stress. In both
    senses also called primary accent.
    Secondary stress. 
     Secondary stress 
    (or obsolete: secondary accent) is
    the weaker of two degrees
    of stress in the pronunciation of a
    word; the stronger degree
    ofstress being called primary. ...
    That is, each syllable has stress or it
    does not.
    ?What is intonation
    •Intonation is a term used to refer to the distinctive use of different
    patterns of pitch that carry meaningful information.

    Pitch is the rate of vibration of the vocal folds. When we speak,


    normally the pitch of our voice is constantly changing. We
    describe pitch in terms of high and low.

    Show me the money

    H L H L

    0 0.892948
    Time (s)
    And Stress!
    • Stress is applied on Content Words in spoken
    utterances.
        cOntent - Noun.
    "I really liked their presentation's content.“
    contEnt - Verb.
    "I have done my best. I am content.“

    • Stress on a pair of words distinguishes between


    the syntactic role played by each word in the pair.
    • tight<pause>rope : A rope that is held taut.
    • tight-rope : A circus-act uses this contraption :)
    [2]
    In linguistics, intonation is
    variation of spoken pitch that is not
    used to distinguish words; instead it
    is used for a range of functions
    such as indicating the attitudes and
    emotions of the speaker, signalling
    the difference between statements
    and questions, and between
    different types of questions,
    focusing attention on important
    elements of the spoken message
    Intonation ?
    • Conveys paralinguistic information, emphasis and
    contrast.
     Intonation on a particular word could differentiate between
    sentence moods.
    – You are finISHED (interrogative)
    – You are FINIshed (imperative)

    Image courtesy Google Image Search


    Exercises
     Divide the following utterances into
    tone units and decide where the tonic or
    nucleus might fall in each tone unit:
    1. The first student to finish can go early
    2. Sadly, Maurice has gone away
    3. The person who was watching me left
    a ticket behind
    4. Alan couldn't make it so Ken took his
    place
    Answers
    1. //The first student to finish// can go
    early//
    2. //Sadly// Maurice has gone away//
    3. // The person who was watching me
    //left a ticket behind//
    4. //Alan couldn't make it //so Ken took
    his place//
     Discuss the different consonant and
    vowel sounds using minimal pairs
    and the changes in meaning with
    different stress and intonation
    patterns
    TUTORIAL
     Provide examples of words to
    discriminate between the different
    consonant and vowel sounds using
    minimal pairs
    More exercises

     http://www.englishmedialab.com/pro
    nunciation/upper-intermediate
    %20intonation%20exercise.htm
     http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exerc
    ises/exercise-english-1/exercise-
    english-674.php
     http://eolf.univ-fcomte.fr/index.php?
    page=92

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