Decision Support System

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
DSS
DSS
Decision Support System refers to a class of
systems which support in the process of decision
making and does not always give a decision
itself. Decision Support Systems (DSS) are a
specific class of computerized information
system that supports business and organizational
decision-making activities. A properly designed
DSS is an interactive software-based system
intended to help decision makers compile useful
information from raw data, documents, personal
knowledge, and/or business models to identify
and solve problems and make decisions.
DSS (Cont….)
A decision support system or DSS is a computer
based system intended for use by a particular
manager or usually a group of managers at any
organizational level in making a decision in the
process of solving a semi-structured decision.
The DSS produces output in the form of periodic
or special report or the results of mathematical
simulations. It is difficult to pinpoint that are
completely structured or unstructured. The vast
majorities are semi structured. This means that
the DSS is aimed at the area where most semi
structured decision is needed to be made.
DEFINITION
“A decision support system is a specialized kind of
information system which is an interactive system
that supports in the decision making process of a
manager in an organization especially in semi-
structured and unstructured situations. The
system utilizes information, models and data
manipulation tools to help make decisions in
semi-structured to unstructured situations.
As a conclusion we can say that-
 “Decision Support System is an interactive,
computer based system which supports managers
in making unstructured decisions.”
The DSS focuses on Semi-structured Problems
DSS MODEL
DSS MODEL
A DSS model includes four parts as follows:
 Data base produces both internal and
environmental data, which are stored in the
database.
 Report writing software produces both periodic
and special reports. Periodical reports are prepared
according to a schedule and typically they are
produced by software, which is coded in a
procedural language such as COBOL or PL/I. The
special report is prepared in response to
unanticipated information need and takes form of
database by users who use the query language of
a DBMS or fourth generation language.
DSS MODEL (Cont…)
 Mathematical model produces information as a
result of either simulation that involves one or more
components of the physical system of the firm or facts
of its operations. Mathematical models can be written
in any procedural programming language. However,
special model languages make this task easier and
have the potential of doing a better job.
 Groupware enables multiple decision makers,
working together as a group, to reach solutions. In this
particular situation, the term GDSS, or a group decision
support system is used. Perhaps the decision makers
represent a committee or a project team. The group
members communicate with one another both, directly
and by means of the group ware.
DSS ATTRIBUTES
 DSS should be adaptable and flexible.
 DSS should be interactive and provide ease of
use.
 Effectiveness balanced with efficiency (benefit
must exceed cost).
 Complete control by decision-makers.
 Ease of development by (modification to suit
needs and changing environment) end users.
 Support modeling and analysis.
 Data access.
 Standalone, integration and Web-based
DSS CHARACTERISTICS
 Support for decision makers in semi
structured and unstructured problems.
 Support managers at all levels.
 Support individuals and groups.
 Support for interdependent or sequential
decisions.
 Support intelligence, design, choice, and
implementation.
 Support variety of decision processes and
styles
GROUP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
Group Decisions support system (GDSS) is an

interactive computer-based system facilitating
group decision-making processes to solve
unstructured problems. In GDSS, members
meet interactively together in specially
designed rooms with online
telecommunication and video conferencing
facilities over Internet, extranet or private
network. The decisions they arrived has group
support. The decisions are largely rational,
and unlikely bounded rationality- probably
unbounded rationality since members have
wide exposure, wide experiences and
EXPERT SYSTEM
 An expert system is a knowledge-based
information system; that is, it uses its
knowledge about a specific area to act as an
expert consultant to users. The components of
an expert system are a knowledge base and
software modules that perform inferences on
the knowledge and offer answers to a user’s
questions.
 Expert systems provide answers to questions
in a very specific problem area by making
human like inferences about knowledge
contained in a specialized knowledge base.
EXPERT SYSTEM (Cont……)
 Expert systems can provide decision support
to end users in the form of advice from an
expert consultant in a specific problem area.
 Expert systems are being used in many
different fields, including medicine,
engineering, the physical sciences, and
business. For example, expert systems now
help diagnose illnesses, search for minerals,
analyze compounds, recommend repairs, and
do financial planning. Expert systems can
support either operations or management
activities.
Differences between DSS and ES
 A DSS helps manager to take a decision
whereas an ES acts as a decision maker or an
advisor to the manager.
 A DSS is meant only for decision making
whereas an ES provides expertise to the
manager.
 The spectrum of complexity is high in DSS and
low in ES since ES addresses issues related to
specific areas only.
 DSS does not capability to reason whereas an
ES has.
 A DSS cannot provide detailed explanation
about the results whereas an ES can.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMANT SYSTEM
 Knowledge Management systems (KMS), Workers
create, organize, and share important knowledge
wherever and whenever it is needed. For example,
many knowledge management systems rely on
Internet and intranet Web sites, knowledge bases, and
discussion forums as key technologies for gathering,
storing, and disseminating business knowledge.
 KMS systems deal with information so they are a class
of information system and may build on, or utilize
other information sources. The idea of a KM system is
to enable employees to have ready access to the
organization's documented base of facts, sources of
information, and solutions.
EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEM
 Senior managers use executive support systems (ESS)
to help them make decisions. ESS serves the strategic
level of the organization. They address non-routine
decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight
because there is no agreed-on procedure for arriving at
a solution.
 Executive support systems (ESS's) are designed to
incorporate data about external events, but they also
draw summarized information from internal MIS and
DSS. They filter, compress, and track critical data,
displaying the data of greatest importance to senior
managers.
 ESS employs the most advanced graphics software and
can present graphs and data from many sources.
EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEM (Cont….)
 ESS assist in answering include the following:

 In what business should we be?
 What are the competitors doing?
 What new acquisitions would protect us from
cyclical business swings?
 Which units should we sell to raise cash for
acquisitions?
Interrelationships among systems

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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

Group Decisions support system (GDSS) is an

 ESS assist in answering include the following:

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